Top

Published in:

Open Access 01-08-2019 | Review

Passive anterior tibia translation in anterior cruciate ligament-injured, anterior cruciate ligament-reconstructed and healthy knees: a systematic review

Authors: M. N. J. Keizer, E. Otten

Published in: MUSCULOSKELETAL SURGERY | Issue 2/2019

Abstract

Anterior tibia translation (ATT) is mainly prevented by the anterior cruciate ligament. Passive ATT tests are commonly used to diagnose an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, to select patients for an ACL reconstruction (ACLR), and as an outcome measure after an ACLR. The aim of this review was to present an overview of possible factors determining ATT. A second purpose was to give a summary of the ATT measured in the literature in healthy, ACL-injured and ACLR knees and a comparison between those groups. A literature search was conducted with PubMed. Inclusion criteria were full-text primary studies published in English between January 2006 and October 2016. Studies included reported ATT in explicit data in healthy as well as ACL-injured or ACLR knees or in ACL-injured as well as ACLR knees. Sixty-one articles met inclusion criteria. Two articles measured the ATT in healthy as well as ACL-injured knees, 51 in ACL-injured as well as in ACLR knees, three in ACLR as well as in healthy knees and three in healthy, ACL-injured and ACLR knees. A difference in ATT is found between healthy, contralateral, ACLR and ACL-injured knees and between chronic and acute ACL injury. Graft choices and intra-articular injuries are factors which could affect the ATT. The mean ATT was lowest to highest in ACLR knees using a bone–patella tendon–bone autograft, ACLR knees using a hamstring autograft, contralateral healthy knees, healthy knees, ACLR knees with an allograft and ACL-injured knees. Factors which could affect the ATT are graft choice, ACL injury or reconstruction, intra-articular injuries and whether an ACL injury is chronic or acute. Comparison of ATT between studies should be taken with caution as a high number of different measurement methods are used. To be able to compare studies, more consistency in measuring devices used should be introduced to measuring ATT. The clinical relevance is that an autograft ACLR might give better results than an allograft ACLR as knee laxity is greater when using an allograft tendon.

Level of evidence

III.

Domnick C, Raschke MJ, Herbort M (2016) Biomechanics of the anterior cruciate ligament: physiology, rupture and reconstruction techniques. World J Orthop 7(2):82CrossRef

Halonen K, Mononen M, Toÿräs J, Kröger H, Joukainen A, Korhonen R (2016) Optimal graft stiffness and pre-strain restore normal joint motion and cartilage responses in ACL reconstructed knee. J Biomech 49(13):2566–2576CrossRef

Vergis A, Hindriks M, Gillquist J (1997) Sagittal plane translations of the knee in anterior cruciate deficient subjects and controls. Med Sci Sports Exerc 29(12):1561–1566CrossRef

Aglietti P, Giron F, Losco M, Cuomo P, Ciardullo A, Mondanelli N (2010) Comparison between single-and double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction a prospective, randomized, single-blinded clinical trial. Am J Sports Med 38(1):25–34CrossRef

Arbes S, Resinger C, Vécsei V, Nau T (2007) The functional outcome of total tears of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in the skeletally immature patient. Int Orthop 31(4):471–475CrossRef

Christino MA, Vopat BG, Waryasz GR, Mayer A, Reinert SE, Shalvoy RM (2014) Adolescent differences in knee stability following computer-assisted anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Orthop Rev (Pavia) 6(4):5653CrossRef

Isberg J, Faxèn E, Brandsson S, Eriksson BI, Kärrholm J, Karlsson J (2006) KT-1000 records smaller side-to-side differences than radiostereometric analysis before and after an ACL reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 14(6):529–535CrossRef

Sernert N, Kartus J, Kohler K, Ejerhed L, Karlsson J (2001) Evaluation of the reproducibility of the KT-1000 arthrometer. Scand J Med Sci Sport 11(2):120–125CrossRef

Myrer JW, Schulthies SS, Fellingham GW (1996) Relative and absolute reliability of the KT-2000 arthrometer for uninjured knees. Am J Sports Med 24(1):104–108CrossRef

10.

Paine R, Lowe W (2012) Comparison of Kneelax and KT-1000 knee ligament arthrometers. J Knee Surg 25(2):151–154CrossRef

11.

Balasch H, Schiller M, Friebel H, Hoffmann F (1999) Evaluation of anterior knee joint instability with the Rolimeter. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 7(4):204–208CrossRef

12.

Sørensen OG, Larsen K, Jakobsen BW, Kold S, Hansen TB, Lind M, Søballe K (2011) The combination of radiostereometric analysis and the Telos stress device results in poor precision for knee laxity measurements after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 19(3):355–362CrossRef

13.

Araki D, Kuroda R, Kubo S, Nagamune K, Hoshino Y, Nishimoto K, Takayama K, Matsushita T, Tei K, Yamaguchi M, Kurosaka M (2011) The use of an electromagnetic measurement system for anterior tibial displacement during the Lachman test. Arthroscopy 27(6):792–802CrossRef

14.

Knoop J, Dekker J, Klein JP, Van Der Leeden M, Van Der Esch M, Reiding D, Voorneman RE, Gerritsen M, Roorda LD, Steultjens MP, Lems WF (2012) Biomechanical factors and physical examination findings in osteoarthritis of the knee: associations with tissue abnormalities assessed by conventional radiography and high-resolution 3.0 tesla magnetic resonance imaging. Arthritis Res Ther 14(5):1CrossRef

15.

Miyazaki T, Uchida K, Wada M, Sato M, Sugita D, Shimada S, Baba H (2012) Anteroposterior and varus–valgus laxity of the knee increase after stair climbing in patients with mild osteoarthritis. Rheumatol Int 32(9):2823–2828CrossRef

16.

Vauhnik R, Morrissey MC, Rutherford OM, Turk Z, Pilih IA, Pohar M (2008) Knee anterior laxity: a risk factor for traumatic knee injury among sports women? Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 16(9):823–833CrossRef

17.

Myer GD, Ford KR, Paterno MV, Nick TG, Hewett TE (2008) The effects of generalized joint laxity on risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury in young female athletes. Am J Sports Med 36(6):1073–1080CrossRef

18.

Ramesh R, Von Arx O, Azzopardi T, Schranz P (2005) The risk of anterior cruciate ligament rupture with generalised joint laxity. J Bone Joint Surg Br 87(6):800–803CrossRef

19.

Wells GA, Shea B, O’Connell D et al (2004) The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in metaanalyses. http://www.ohri.ca/programs/clinical_epidemiology/oxford.htm. Accessed 6 Oct 2016

20.

Chen J, Gu A, Jiang H, Zhang W, Yu X (2015) A comparison of acute and chronic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using lars artificial ligaments: a randomized prospective study with a 5-year follow-up. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 135(1):95–102CrossRef

21.

Zaffagnini S, Grassi A, Muccioli GM, Tsapralis K, Ricci M, Bragonzoni L, Della Villa S, Marcacci M (2014) Return to sport after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in professional soccer players. Knee 21(3):731–735CrossRef

22.

Guo L, Yang L, Duan XJ, He R, Chen GX, Wang FY, Zhang Y (2012) Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with bone–patellar tendon–bone graft: comparison of autograft, fresh-frozen allograft, and γ-irradiated allograft. Arthroscopy 28(2):211–217CrossRef

23.

Laoruengthana A, Pattayakorn S, Chotanaputhi T, Kosiyatrakul A (2009) Clinical comparison between six-strand hamstring tendon and patellar tendon autograft in arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a prospective, randomized clinical trial. J Med Assoc Thail 92(4):491

24.

Zhao J, He Y, Wang J (2007) Double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: four versus eight strands of hamstring tendon graft. Arthroscopy 23(7):766–770CrossRef

25.

Ghalayini S, Helm A, Bonshahi A, Lavender A, Johnson D, Smith R (2010) Arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament surgery: results of autogenous patellar tendon graft versus the Leeds-Keio synthetic graft: five year follow-up of a prospective randomised controlled trial. Knee 17(5):334–339CrossRef

26.

Mutsuzaki H, Kanamori A, Ikeda K, Hioki S, Kinugasa T, Sakane M (2012) Effect of calcium phosphate–hybridized tendon graft in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction a randomized controlled trial. Am J Sports Med 40(8):1772–1780CrossRef

27.

Porter MD, Shadbolt B (2016) Femoral aperture fixation improves anterior cruciate ligament graft function when added to cortical suspensory fixation an in vivo computer navigation study. Orthop J Sports Med 4(9):2325967116665795CrossRef

28.

Ghodadra NS, Mall NA, Grumet R, Sherman SL, Kirk S, Provencher MT, Bach BR (2012) Interval arthrometric comparison of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using bone–patellar tendon–bone autograft versus allograft do grafts attenuate within the first year postoperatively? Am J Sports Med 40(6):1347–1354CrossRef

29.

Price R, Stoney J, Brown G (2010) Prospective randomized comparison of endobutton versus cross-pin femoral fixation in hamstring anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with 2-year follow-up. ANZ J Surg 80(3):162–165CrossRef

30.

Pugh L, Mascarenhas R, Arneja S, Chin PY, Leith JM (2009) Current concepts in instrumented knee-laxity testing. Am J Sports Med 37(1):199–210CrossRef

31.

Rose T, Hepp P, Venus J, Stockmar C, Josten C, Lill H (2006) Prospective randomized clinical comparison of femoral transfixation versus bioscrew fixation in hamstring tendon ACL reconstruction: a preliminary report. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 14(8):730–738CrossRef

32.

Sandon A, Werner S, Forssblad M (2015) Factors associated with returning to football after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 23(9):2514–2521CrossRef

33.

Lin H, Hsu H, Chang C, Lai W (2009) Analyzing anterior knee laxity with an arthrometer for assisting diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament rupture. In: IEEE 35th annual northeast bioengineering conference. IEEE, pp 1–2

34.

Sernert N, Helmers J, Kartus C, Ejerhed L, Kartus J (2007) Knee-laxity measurements examined by a left-hand-and a right-hand-dominant physiotherapist, in patients with anterior cruciate ligament injuries and healthy controls. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 15(10):1181–1186CrossRef

35.

Ahldén M, Sernert N, Karlsson J, Kartus J (2012) Outcome of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with emphasis on sex-related differences. Scand J Med Sci Sports 22(5):618–626CrossRef

36.

Lindström M, Strandberg S, Wredmark T, Felländer-Tsai L, Henriksson M (2013) Functional and muscle morphometric effects of ACL reconstruction: A prospective CT study with 1 year follow-up. Scand J Med Sci Sports 23(4):431–442CrossRef

37.

Teitsma XM, van der Hoeven H, Tamminga R, de Bie RA (2014) Impact of patient sex on clinical outcomes data from an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction registry, 2008–2013. Orthop J Sports Med 2(9):2325967114550638CrossRef

38.

Ahldén M, Sernert N, Karlsson J, Kartus J (2013) A prospective randomized study comparing double-and single-bundle techniques for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Am J Sports Med 2013:2484–2491CrossRef

39.

Gobbi A, Mahajan V, Karnatzikos G, Nakamura N (2012) Single-versus double-bundle ACL reconstruction: is there any difference in stability and function at 3-year followup? Clin Orthop Relat Res 470(3):824–834CrossRef

40.

Gong X, Jiang D, Wang YJ, Wang J, Ao YF, Yu JK (2013) Second-look arthroscopic evaluation of chondral lesions after isolated anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction single-versus double-bundle reconstruction. Am J Sports Med 41(10):2362–2367CrossRef

41.

Hofbauer M, Valentin P, Kdolsky R, Ostermann R, Graf A, Figl M, Aldrian S (2010) Rotational and translational laxity after computer-navigated single-and double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 18(9):1201–1207CrossRef

42.

Järvelä T, Moisala AS, Paakkala T, Paakkala A (2008) Tunnel enlargement after double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a prospective, randomized study. Arthroscopy 24(12):1349–1357CrossRef

43.

Kanaya A, Ochi M, Deie M, Adachi N, Nishimori M, Nakamae A (2009) Intraoperative evaluation of anteroposterior and rotational stabilities in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: lower femoral tunnel placed single-bundle versus double-bundle reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 17(8):907–913CrossRef

44.

Lao ML, Chen JH, Wang CJ, Siu KK (2013) Functional outcomes of y-graft double-bundle and single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction of the knee. Arthroscopy 29(9):1525–1532CrossRef

45.

Lee S, Kim H, Jang J, Seong SC, Lee MC (2012) Comparison of anterior and rotatory laxity using navigation between single-and double-bundle ACL reconstruction: prospective randomized trial. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 20(4):752–761CrossRef

46.

Monaco E, Labianca L, Conteduca F, De Carli A, Ferretti A (2007) Double bundle or single bundle plus extraarticular tenodesis in ACL reconstruction? a CAOS study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 15(10):1168–1174CrossRef

47.

Ohkawa S, Adachi N, Deie M, Nakamae A, Nakasa T, Ochi M (2012) The relationship of anterior and rotatory laxity between surgical navigation and clinical outcome after ACL reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 20(4):778–784CrossRef

48.

Park SJ, Jung YB, Jung HJ, Jung HJ, Shin HK, Kim E, Song KS, Kim GS, Cheon HY, Kim S (2010) Outcome of arthroscopic single-bundle versus double-bundle reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament: a preliminary 2-year prospective study. Arthroscopy 26(5):630–636CrossRef

49.

Streich NA, Friedrich K, Gotterbarm T, Schmitt H (2008) Reconstruction of the ACL with a semitendinosus tendon graft: a prospective randomized single blinded comparison of double-bundle versus single-bundle technique in male athletes. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 16(3):232–238CrossRef

50.

Ventura A, Legnani C, Terzaghi C, Borgo E (2012) Single-and double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in patients aged over 50 years. Arthroscopy 28(11):1702–1709CrossRef

51.

Jiang D, Ao YF, Gong X, Wang YJ, Luo H, Chen LX, Wang HJ, Xie X, Zhang JY, Yu JK (2012) Double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using bone–patellar tendon–bone allograft technique and 2- to 5-year follow-up. Am J Sports Med 40(5):1084–1092CrossRef

52.

Zhang Q, Zhang S, Li R, Liu Y, Cao X (2007) Comparison of two methods of femoral tunnel preparation in single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a prospective randomized study. Acta Cir Bras 27(8):572–576CrossRef

53.

Edgar CM, Zimmer S, Kakar S, Jones H, Schepsis AA (2008) Prospective comparison of auto and allograft hamstring tendon constructs for ACL reconstruction. Clin Orthop Relat Res 466(9):2238–2246CrossRef

54.

Sun K, Zhang J, Wang Y, Xia C, Zhang C, Yu T, Tian S (2011) Arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with at least 2.5 years’ follow-up comparing hamstring tendon autograft and irradiated allograft. Arthroscopy 27(9):1195–1202CrossRef

55.

Tian S, Wang B, Liu L, Wang Y, Ha C, Li Q, Yang X, Sun K (2016) Irradiated hamstring tendon allograft versus autograft for anatomic double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction midterm clinical outcomes. Am J Sports Med 44(10):2579–2588CrossRef

56.

Noh JH, Yi SR, Song SJ, Kim SW, Kim W (2011) Comparison between hamstring autograft and free tendon achilles allograft: minimum 2-year follow-up after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using endobutton and intrafix. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 19(5):816–822CrossRef

57.

Laxdal G, Sernert N, Ejerhed L, Karlsson J, Kartus JT (2007) A prospective comparison of bone–patellar tendon–bone and hamstring tendon grafts for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in male patients. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 15(2):115–125CrossRef

58.

Zouita Ben Moussa A, Zouita S, Dziri C, Ben Salah FZ (2009) Single-leg assessment of postural stability and knee functional outcome two years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 52(6):475–484CrossRef

59.

Svensson M, Sernert N, Ejerhed L, Karlsson J, Kartus JT (2006) A prospective comparison of bone–patellar tendon–bone and hamstring grafts for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in female patients. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 14(3):278–286CrossRef

60.

Dejour D, Vanconcelos W, Bonin N, Saggin PRF (2013) Comparative study between mono-bundle bone–patellar tendon–bone, double-bundle hamstring and mono-bundle bone–patellar tendon–bone combined with a modified lemaire extra-articular procedure in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Int Orthop 37(2):193–199CrossRef

61.

Park SY, Oh H, Park SW, Lee JH, Lee SH, Yoon KH (2012) Clinical outcomes of remnant-preserving augmentation versus double-bundle reconstruction in the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Arthroscopy 28(12):1833–1841CrossRef

62.

Zhang Z, Gu B, Zhu W, Zhu L, Li Q, Du Y (2013) Arthroscopic single-bundle versus triple-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc 48(4):413–418CrossRef

63.

Lee JK, Lee S, Lee MC (2016) Outcomes of anatomic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: bone-quadriceps tendon graft versus double-bundle hamstring tendon graft. Am J Sports Med 44(9):2323–2329CrossRef

64.

de Pádua VBC, Maldonado H, Vilela JCR, Provenza AR, Monteiro C, de Oliveira Neto HC (2012) Comparative study of ACL reconstruction with anatomical positioning of the tunnels using the patellar tendon versus hamstring tendon. Rev Bras Ortop 47(1):50–56CrossRef

65.

Chouteau J, Benareau I, Testa R, Fessy MH, Lerat JL, Moyen B (2008) Comparative study of knee anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with or without fluoroscopic assistance: a prospective study of 73 cases. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 128(9):945–950CrossRef

66.

Fleming BC, Fadale PD, Hulstyn MJ, Shalvoy RM, Oksendahl HL, Badger GJ, Tung GA (2012) The effect of initial graft tension after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction a randomized clinical trial with 36-month follow-up. Am J Sports Med 41(1):25–34CrossRef

67.

Koga H, Muneta T, Yagishita K, Ju YJ, Sekiya I (2012) The effect of graft fixation angles on anteroposterior and rotational knee laxity in double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction evaluation using computerized navigation. Am J Sports Med 40(3):615–623CrossRef

68.

Plaweski S, Cazal J, Rosell P, Merloz P (2006) Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using navigation a comparative study on 60 patients. Am J Sports Med 34(4):542–552CrossRef

69.

Stener S, Ejerhed L, Sernert N, Laxdal G, Rostgård-Christensen L, Kartus J (2010) A long-term, prospective, randomized study comparing biodegradable and metal interference screws in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery radiographic results and clinical outcome. Am J Sports Med 38(8):1598–1605CrossRef

70.

Stengel D, Casper D, Bauwens K, Ekkernkamp A, Wich M (2009) Bioresorbable pins and interference screws for fixation of hamstring tendon grafts in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery a randomized controlled trial. Am J Sports Med 37(9):1692–1698CrossRef

71.

Moisala AS, Järvelä T, Paakkala A, Paakkala T, Kannus P, Järvinen M (2008) Comparison of the bioabsorbable and metal screw fixation after ACL reconstruction with a hamstring autograft in MRI and clinical outcome: a prospective randomized study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 16(12):1080–1086CrossRef

72.

Laxdal G, Kartus J, Eriksson BI, Faxén E, Sernert N, Karlsson J (2006) Biodegradable and metallic interference screws in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery using hamstring tendon grafts prospective randomized study of radiographic results and clinical outcome. Am J Sports Med 34(10):1574–1580CrossRef

73.

Harilainen A, Sandelin J (2009) A prospective comparison of 3 hamstring ACL fixation devices-rigidfix, bioscrew, and intrafix-randomized into 4 groups with 2 years of follow-up. Am J Sports Med 37(4):699–706CrossRef

74.

Ho WP, Lee CH, Huang CH, Chen CH, Chuang TY (2014) Clinical results of hamstring autografts in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a comparison of femoral knot/press-fit fixation and interference screw fixation. Arthroscopy 30(7):823–832CrossRef

75.

Isberg J, Faxén E, Brandsson S, Eriksson BI, Kärrholm J, Karlsson J (2006) Early active extension after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction does not result in increased laxity of the knee. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 14(11):1108–1115CrossRef

76.

Goradia VK, Grana WA, Pearson SE (2006) Factors associated with decreased muscle strength after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with hamstring tendon grafts. Arthroscopy 22(1):80-e1CrossRef

77.

Ito Y, Deie M, Adachi N, Kobayashi K, Kanaya A, Miyamoto A, Nakasa T, Ochi M (2007) A prospective study of 3-day versus 2-week immobilization period after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Knee 14(1):34–38CrossRef

78.

Myer GD, Ford KR, Foss KDB, Rauh MJ, Paterno MV, Hewett TE (2014) A predictive model to estimate knee-abduction moment: implications for development of a clinically applicable patellofemoral pain screening tool in female athletes. J Athl Train 49(3):389–398CrossRef

79.

Klyne DM, Keays SL, Bullock-Saxton JE, Newcombe PA (2012) The effect of anterior cruciate ligament rupture on the timing and amplitude of gastrocnemius muscle activation: a study of alterations in emg measures and their relationship to knee joint stability. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 22(3):446–455CrossRef

80.

Barcellona MG, Morrissey MC, Milligan P, Amis AA (2014) The effect of thigh muscle activity on anterior knee laxity in the uninjured and anterior cruciate ligament-injured knee. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 22(11):2821–2829CrossRef

81.

Kvist J (2005) Sagittal tibial translation during exercises in the anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knee. Scand J Med Sci Sports 15(3):148–158CrossRef

82.

Boeth H, Duda GN, Heller MO, Ehrig RM, Doyscher R, Jung T, Moewis P, Scheffler S, Taylor WR (2013) Anterior cruciate ligament-deficient patients with passive knee joint laxity have a decreased range of anterior–posterior motion during active movements. Am J Sports Med 41(5):1051–1057CrossRef

Title: Passive anterior tibia translation in anterior cruciate ligament-injured, anterior cruciate ligament-reconstructed and healthy knees: a systematic review
Authors: M. N. J. Keizer
E. Otten
Publication date: 01-08-2019
Publisher: Springer Milan
Published in: MUSCULOSKELETAL SURGERY / Issue 2/2019
Print ISSN: 2035-5106
Electronic ISSN: 2035-5114
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12306-018-0572-6

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Passive anterior tibia translation in anterior cruciate ligament-injured, anterior cruciate ligament-reconstructed and healthy knees: a systematic review

Abstract

Level of evidence

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Level of evidence

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 2/2019

Clinical outcomes in periarticular knee fractures with flexible fixation using far cortical locking screws in locking plate: a prospective study

Tension band wiring versus locking plate fixation for simple, two-part Mayo 2A olecranon fractures: a comparison of post-operative outcomes, complications, reoperations and economics

Surgical treatment of pediatric supracondylar humerus fracture could be safely performed by general orthopedists

Reverdin–Isham procedure for mild or moderate hallux valgus: clinical and radiographic outcomes

The role of poor oral health in surgical site infection following elective spinal surgery

Shoulder arthroplasty using mini-stem humeral components and a lesser tuberosity osteotomy