Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress 2023 EHA Congress 2023 ASCO Annual Meeting
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

A round-up of the ONWARDS phase 3 clinical trials evaluating the novel weekly insulin icodec in people with diabetes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Breast Cancer
Published in: Breast Cancer 4/2019

01-07-2019 | Breast Cancer | Original Article

Breast cancer incidence, mortality and mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) are associated with human development, 1990–2016: evidence from Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Author: Rajesh Sharma

Published in: Breast Cancer | Issue 4/2019

Login to get access

Abstract

Objective

To examine breast cancer burden in females using incidence, mortality and mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) and its association with human development.

Methods

We employ the data of breast cancer in females from the Global Burden of Disease 2016 study for the period 1990 to 2016 for 102 countries. Human development is measured using the human development index (HDI). 5-year survival rate of breast cancer is proxied using the mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR).

Findings

Globally, breast cancer has claimed 535341 female lives and 1.7 million incident cases had surfaced in 2016. High incidence rates were observed in very high HDI countries led by the Netherlands (117.2/100,000), whereas the mortality rate was high in low/medium HDI countries led by Afghanistan (35.4/100,000). Breast cancer incidence has more than doubled in 60/102 countries, whereas deaths have doubled in 43/102 countries. Globally, breast cancer MIR decreased from 0.41 to 0.32 over 1990–2016 and displayed negative gradient with HDI (r = − 0.87), indicating a low 5-year survival in less developed countries.

Conclusion

Heterogeneity in breast cancer burden, as per human development, and increasing breast cancer incidence and low survival rates, indicated by MIR, call for broader human development, improving breast cancer awareness, and cost-effective screening and treatment in less developed countries.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Footnotes
1
1000 cases are chosen so as to exclude countries with too few cancer cases as it may lead to too large or too small MIR values which may not truly reflect countries’ development status and may distort main conclusions of the paper.
 
2
Country-specific HDI values and component-wise values in 2015 are presented in Table 3 of the “Appendix”.
 
3
Annual percentage change of incidence, mortality, ASIR, ASMR and MIR over the period 1990 to 2016 for different HDI groupings is shown in Fig. 5 of the “Appendix”.
 
4
National Cancer Screening Program in Georgia also one of the successful screening program which resulted in downstaging of breast cancer and improved survival rate. Source: http://​www.​gnsc.​ge/​?​act=​page&​id=​44&​lang=​en (Accessed 18 Oct 2018).
 
Literature
1.
GBD 2016 Cause of Death Collaborators. Global, regional, and national age-sex specific mortality for 264 causes of death, 1980–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet. 2016;390(10100):1151–210.
2.
Global Burden of Disease Cancer Collaborators. Global, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years for 29 cancer groups, 1990–2016. a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study. JAMA Oncol. 2018. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1001/​jamaoncol.​2018.​2706.CrossRef
3.
Sankaranarayanan R, Swaminathan R, Brenner H, Chen K, Chia KS, Chen JG, et al. Cancer survival in Africa, Asia, and Central America: a population-based study. Lancet Oncol. 2010;11(2):165–73.CrossRefPubMed
4.
Vostakolaei F, Karim-Kos HE, Janssen-Heijnen ML, Visser O, Verbeek AL, Kiemeney LA. The validity of the mortality to incidence ratio as a proxy for site-specific cancer survival. Eur J Public Health. 2010;21(5):573–7.CrossRef
5.
Chen SL, Wang SC, Ho CJ, Kao YL, Hsieh TY, Chen WJ, et al. Prostate cancer mortality-to-incidence ratios are associated with cancer care disparities in 35 countries. Sci Rep. 2017;7:40003.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
6.
Wang SC, Sung WW, Kao YL, Hsieh TY, Chen WJ, Chen SL, et al. The gender difference and mortality-to-incidence ratio relate to health care disparities in bladder cancer: National estimates from 33 countries. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):4360.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
7.
Tsai MC, Wang CC, Lee HL, Peng CM, Yang TW, Chen HY, et al. Health disparities are associated with gastric cancer mortality-to-incidence ratios in 57 countries. World J Gastroenterol. 2017;23(44):7881.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
8.
Wang CC, Tsai MC, Peng CM, Lee HL, Chen HY, Yang TW, et al. Favorable liver cancer mortality-to-incidence ratios of countries with high health expenditure. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;29(12):1397–401.
9.
Sunkara V, Hebert JR. The colorectal cancer mortality-to-incidence ratio as an indicator of global cancer screening and care. Cancer. 2015;121(10):1563–9.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
10.
Ginsburg O, Bray F, Coleman MP, Vanderpuye V, Eniu A, Kotha SR, et al. The global burden of women’s cancers: a grand challenge in global health. Lancet. 2017;389(10071):847–60.CrossRefPubMed
11.
12.
13.
14.
Porter P. “Westernizing” women’s risks? Breast cancer in lower-income countries. N Engl J Med. 2008;358(3):213–6.CrossRefPubMed
15.
Arnold M, Pandeya N, Byrnes G, Renehan AG, Stevens GA, Ezzati M, et al. Global burden of cancer attributable to high body-mass index in 2012: a population-based study. Lancet Oncol. 2015;16(1):36–46.CrossRef
16.
Park SK, Kim Y, Kang D, et al. Risk factors and control strategies for the rapidly rising rate of breast cancer in Korea. J Breast Cancer. 2011;14:79–87.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
17.
Hortobagyi GN, de la Garza Salazar J, Pritchard K, Amadori D, Haidinger R, Hudis CA, et al. The global breast cancer burden: variations in epidemiology and survival. Clin Breast Cancer. 2005;6(5):391–401.CrossRefPubMed
18.
Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E, Murray T, Xu J, Smigal C, et al. Cancer statistics, 2006. CA Cancer J Clin. 2006;56(2):106–30.CrossRefPubMed
19.
20.
Jørgensen KJ, Zahl PH, Gøtzsche PC. Overdiagnosis in organised mammography screening in Denmark. A comparative study. BMC Womens Health. 2009;9(1):36.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
21.
22.
23.
Bleyer A, Welch HG. Effect of three decades of screening mammography on breast-cancer incidence. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(21):1998–2005.CrossRefPubMed
24.
Kalager M, Adami HO, Bretthauer M, Tamimi RM. Overdiagnosis of invasive breast cancer due to mammography screening: results from the Norwegian screening program. Ann Intern Med. 2012;156(7):491–9.CrossRefPubMed
25.
Corbex M, Burton R, Sancho-Garnier H. Breast cancer early detection methods for low and middle-income countries, a review of the evidence. Breast. 2012;21(4):428–34.CrossRefPubMed
26.
Sankaranarayanan R, Ramadas K, Thara S, Muwonge R, Prabhakar J, Augustine P, Venugopal M, Anju G, Mathew BS. Clinical breast examination: preliminary results from a cluster randomized controlled trial in India. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2011;103(19):1476–80.CrossRefPubMed
27.
Luthar UK. Clinical downstaging of cancer of the uterine cervix e an interim strategy for developing countries. In: Proceedings of the UICC congress. 1994.
28.
Devi BCR, Tang TS, Corbex M. Reducing by half the percentage of late-stage presentation for breast and cervix cancer over 4 years: a pilot study of clinical downstaging in Sarawak, Malaysia. Ann Onc. 2007;18(7):1172–6.CrossRef
29.
30.
Hogan DR, Stevens GA, Hosseinpoor AR, Boerma T. Monitoring universal health coverage within the Sustainable Development Goals: development and baseline data for an index of essential health services. Lancet Glob Health. 2018;6(2):e152–68.CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Breast cancer incidence, mortality and mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) are associated with human development, 1990–2016: evidence from Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
Author
Rajesh Sharma
Publication date
01-07-2019
Publisher
Springer Japan
Published in
Breast Cancer / Issue 4/2019
Print ISSN: 1340-6868
Electronic ISSN: 1880-4233
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12282-018-00941-4

Other articles of this Issue 4/2019

Breast Cancer 4/2019 Go to the issue

Original Article

URG4 expression in invasive breast carcinoma and its relation to clinicopathological characteristics

Original Article

3, 3′-Diindolylmethane-encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles accelerate molecular events during chemical carcinogen-induced mammary cancer in Sprague Dawley rats

Review Article

Paving the way for changing perceptions in breast surgery: a systematic literature review focused on oncological and aesthetic outcomes of oncoplastic surgery for breast cancer

Review Article

Clinical application of ceramide in cancer treatment

Case Report

Oncoplastic breast surgery combining partial mastectomy with immediate breast reshaping using multiple local flaps for a patient with slim body

Original Article

Reinterpretation of BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants of uncertain significance in patients with hereditary breast/ovarian cancer using the ACMG/AMP 2015 guidelines
Webinar | 19-02-2024 | 17:30 (CET)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on antibody–drug conjugates in cancer

Watch now

Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are novel agents that have shown promise across multiple tumor types. Explore the current landscape of ADCs in breast and lung cancer with our experts, and gain insights into the mechanism of action, key clinical trials data, existing challenges, and future directions.

Dr. Véronique Diéras
Prof. Fabrice Barlesi
Developed by: Springer Medicine
Image Credits