Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine 1/2014

01-03-2014 | Shoulder: Modern Techniques in Reconstruction (A Babhulkar, Section editor)

Techniques to evaluate glenoid bone loss

Author: Hiroyuki Sugaya

Published in: Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine | Issue 1/2014

Login to get access

Abstract

Assessing glenoid morphology as well as quantifying bone loss is critical when treating patients with recurrent anterior glenohumeral instability because this greatly affects surgeons surgical planning. Although many surgeons agree that 3-dimensionally reconstructed computed tomography (3DCT) images with humeral head digitally subtracted has been considered to be a gold standard when assessing glenoid morphology, there are some surgeons who are making an attempt to replace computed tomography with magnetic resonance imaging to reduce cost for imaging studies and avoid possible radiation exposure, and demonstrated that MRI was equally valuable as 3DCT to quantify glenoid bone loss. However, the role of preoperative imaging study is not only quantifying glenoid bone loss but to assess the glenoid shape and morphology to facilitate surgeons stabilizing the shoulder. In this view, 3DCT is the most recommended preoperative imaging study for bony tissue which provides critical and substantial information of the glenoid.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Bigliani LU, Newton PM, Steinmann SP, Connor PM, McLlveen SJ. Glenoid rim lesions associated with recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder. Am J Sports Med. 1998;26:41–5.PubMed Bigliani LU, Newton PM, Steinmann SP, Connor PM, McLlveen SJ. Glenoid rim lesions associated with recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder. Am J Sports Med. 1998;26:41–5.PubMed
2.
go back to reference Rockwood CA, Matsen FA. The scapula. In Butters KP, (editor). The shoulder. WB Saunders; Philadelphia, USA; 1990;345–53. Rockwood CA, Matsen FA. The scapula. In Butters KP, (editor). The shoulder. WB Saunders; Philadelphia, USA; 1990;345–53.
3.
go back to reference De Palma AF. Fractures and fracture-dislocations of the shoulder girdle. In: Jacob RP, Kristainsen T, Mayo K, et al, (editors). Surgery of the shoulder. Ed 3. JB Lippincott; Philadelphia, USA; 1983;366–7. De Palma AF. Fractures and fracture-dislocations of the shoulder girdle. In: Jacob RP, Kristainsen T, Mayo K, et al, (editors). Surgery of the shoulder. Ed 3. JB Lippincott; Philadelphia, USA; 1983;366–7.
4.
go back to reference Sugaya H, Moriishi J, Dohi M, Kon Y, Tsuchiya A. Glenoid rim morphology in recurrent anterior glenohumeral instability. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2003;85:878–84.PubMed Sugaya H, Moriishi J, Dohi M, Kon Y, Tsuchiya A. Glenoid rim morphology in recurrent anterior glenohumeral instability. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2003;85:878–84.PubMed
5.
go back to reference Sugaya H, Moriishi J, Kanisawa I, Tsuchiya A. Arthroscopic osseous Bankart repair for chronic recurrent traumatic anterior glenohumeral instability. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2005;87A:1752–60.F. Sugaya H, Moriishi J, Kanisawa I, Tsuchiya A. Arthroscopic osseous Bankart repair for chronic recurrent traumatic anterior glenohumeral instability. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2005;87A:1752–60.F.
6.
go back to reference Burkhart SS, De Beer JF. Traumatic glenohumeral bone defects and their relationship to failure of arthroscopic Bankart repairs: significance of the inverted-pear glenoid and the humeral engaging Hill-Sachs lesion. Arthroscopy. 2000;16:677–94.PubMedCrossRef Burkhart SS, De Beer JF. Traumatic glenohumeral bone defects and their relationship to failure of arthroscopic Bankart repairs: significance of the inverted-pear glenoid and the humeral engaging Hill-Sachs lesion. Arthroscopy. 2000;16:677–94.PubMedCrossRef
7.
go back to reference Lo IK, Parten PM, Burkhart SS. The inverted pear glenoid: an indicator of significant glenoid bone loss. Arthroscopy. 2004;20:169–74.PubMedCrossRef Lo IK, Parten PM, Burkhart SS. The inverted pear glenoid: an indicator of significant glenoid bone loss. Arthroscopy. 2004;20:169–74.PubMedCrossRef
8.
go back to reference Bernageau J. Imaging of the shoulder in orthopedic pathology [French]. Rev Prat. 1990;40:983–92.PubMed Bernageau J. Imaging of the shoulder in orthopedic pathology [French]. Rev Prat. 1990;40:983–92.PubMed
9.
go back to reference Edwards TB, Boulahia A, Walch G. Radiographic analysis of bone defects in chronic anterior shoulder instability. Arthroscopy. 2003;19:732–9.PubMedCrossRef Edwards TB, Boulahia A, Walch G. Radiographic analysis of bone defects in chronic anterior shoulder instability. Arthroscopy. 2003;19:732–9.PubMedCrossRef
10.
go back to reference Sugaya H. Chapter 14. Instability with Bone Loss. In: Angelo RL, Esch JC, Ryu RK, editors. AANA Advanced Arthroscopy: The Shoulder. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2010. p. 136–46. Sugaya H. Chapter 14. Instability with Bone Loss. In: Angelo RL, Esch JC, Ryu RK, editors. AANA Advanced Arthroscopy: The Shoulder. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2010. p. 136–46.
11.
go back to reference Sugaya H. Section 2 anterior instability: Chapter 15 arthroscopic treatment of glenoid bone loss-Surgical technique. In: Provencher MT, Romeo AA, editors. Shoulder Instability; A Comprehensive Approach. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2011. p. 186–96. Sugaya H. Section 2 anterior instability: Chapter 15 arthroscopic treatment of glenoid bone loss-Surgical technique. In: Provencher MT, Romeo AA, editors. Shoulder Instability; A Comprehensive Approach. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2011. p. 186–96.
12.
go back to reference Murachovsky J, Bueno RS, Nascimento LG, Almeida LH, Strose E, Castiglia MT, et al. Calculating anterior glenoid bone loss using the Bernageau profile view. Skeletal Radiol. 2012;41:1231–7.PubMedCrossRef Murachovsky J, Bueno RS, Nascimento LG, Almeida LH, Strose E, Castiglia MT, et al. Calculating anterior glenoid bone loss using the Bernageau profile view. Skeletal Radiol. 2012;41:1231–7.PubMedCrossRef
13.
go back to reference Griffith JF, Antonio GE, Tong CW, Ming CK. Anterior shoulder dislocation: quantification of glenoid bone loss with CT. Am J Roentgenol. 2003;180:1423–30.CrossRef Griffith JF, Antonio GE, Tong CW, Ming CK. Anterior shoulder dislocation: quantification of glenoid bone loss with CT. Am J Roentgenol. 2003;180:1423–30.CrossRef
14.
go back to reference Griffith JF, Antonio GE, Yung PS, Wong EM, Yu AB, Ahuja AT, et al. Prevalence, pattern, and spectrum of glenoid bone loss in anterior shoulder dislocation: CT analysis of 218 patients. Am J Roentgenol. 2008;190:1247–54.CrossRef Griffith JF, Antonio GE, Yung PS, Wong EM, Yu AB, Ahuja AT, et al. Prevalence, pattern, and spectrum of glenoid bone loss in anterior shoulder dislocation: CT analysis of 218 patients. Am J Roentgenol. 2008;190:1247–54.CrossRef
15.
go back to reference Sugaya H, Moriishi J, Kanisawa I, Tsuchiya A. Arthroscopic osseous Bankart repair for chronic traumatic anterior glenohumeral instability. Surgical technique. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2006;88A(1):159–69. Sugaya H, Moriishi J, Kanisawa I, Tsuchiya A. Arthroscopic osseous Bankart repair for chronic traumatic anterior glenohumeral instability. Surgical technique. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2006;88A(1):159–69.
16.
go back to reference Porcellini G, Campi F, Paladini P. Arthroscopic approach to acute bony Bankart lesion. Arthroscopy. 2002;18:764–9.PubMedCrossRef Porcellini G, Campi F, Paladini P. Arthroscopic approach to acute bony Bankart lesion. Arthroscopy. 2002;18:764–9.PubMedCrossRef
17.
go back to reference Burkhart SS, Debeer JF, Tehrany AM, Parten PM. Quantifying glenoid bone loss arthroscopically in shoulder instability. Arthroscopy. 2002;18:488–91.PubMedCrossRef Burkhart SS, Debeer JF, Tehrany AM, Parten PM. Quantifying glenoid bone loss arthroscopically in shoulder instability. Arthroscopy. 2002;18:488–91.PubMedCrossRef
18.
go back to reference Griffith JF, Yung PS, Antonio GE, Tsang PH, Ahuja AT, Chan KM. CT compared with arthroscopy in quantifying glenoid bone loss. Am J Roentgenol. 2007;189:1490–3.CrossRef Griffith JF, Yung PS, Antonio GE, Tsang PH, Ahuja AT, Chan KM. CT compared with arthroscopy in quantifying glenoid bone loss. Am J Roentgenol. 2007;189:1490–3.CrossRef
19.
go back to reference Chuang TY, Adams CR, Burkhart SS. Use of preoperative three-dimensional computed tomography to quantify glenoid bone loss in shoulder instability. Arthroscopy. 2008;24:376–82.PubMedCrossRef Chuang TY, Adams CR, Burkhart SS. Use of preoperative three-dimensional computed tomography to quantify glenoid bone loss in shoulder instability. Arthroscopy. 2008;24:376–82.PubMedCrossRef
20.
go back to reference Nofsinger C, Browning B, Burkhart SS, Pedowitz RA. Objective preoperative measurement of anterior glenoid bone loss: a pilot study of a computer-based method using unilateral 3-dimensional computed tomography. Arthroscopy. 2011;27:322–9.PubMedCrossRef Nofsinger C, Browning B, Burkhart SS, Pedowitz RA. Objective preoperative measurement of anterior glenoid bone loss: a pilot study of a computer-based method using unilateral 3-dimensional computed tomography. Arthroscopy. 2011;27:322–9.PubMedCrossRef
21.
go back to reference Dumont GD, Russell RD, Browne MG, Robertson WJ. Area-based determination of bone loss using the glenoid arc angle. Arthroscopy. 2012;28:1030–5.PubMedCrossRef Dumont GD, Russell RD, Browne MG, Robertson WJ. Area-based determination of bone loss using the glenoid arc angle. Arthroscopy. 2012;28:1030–5.PubMedCrossRef
22.
go back to reference De Filippo M, Castagna A, Steinbach LS, Silva M, Concari G, Pedrazzi G, et al. Reproducible noninvasive method for evaluation of glenoid bone loss by multiplanar reconstruction curved computed tomographic imaging using a cadaveric model. Arthroscopy. 2013;29:471–7.PubMedCrossRef De Filippo M, Castagna A, Steinbach LS, Silva M, Concari G, Pedrazzi G, et al. Reproducible noninvasive method for evaluation of glenoid bone loss by multiplanar reconstruction curved computed tomographic imaging using a cadaveric model. Arthroscopy. 2013;29:471–7.PubMedCrossRef
23.•
go back to reference Shi L, Griffith JF, Huang J, Wang D. Excellent side-to-side symmetry in glenoid size and shape. Skeletal Radiol. 2013. [Epub ahead of print]. Authors demonstrated high side to side symmetry in glenoid size and shape in normal shoulders using 60 healthy subjects. This study provides objective and quantitative justification for using normal contralateral glenoid as a reference for unilateral glenoid bone loss. Shi L, Griffith JF, Huang J, Wang D. Excellent side-to-side symmetry in glenoid size and shape. Skeletal Radiol. 2013. [Epub ahead of print]. Authors demonstrated high side to side symmetry in glenoid size and shape in normal shoulders using 60 healthy subjects. This study provides objective and quantitative justification for using normal contralateral glenoid as a reference for unilateral glenoid bone loss.
24.
go back to reference Huijsmans PE, Haen PS, Kidd M, Dhert WJ, van der Hulst VP, Willems WJ. Quantification of a glenoid defect with three-dimensional computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging: a cadaveric study. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2007;16:803–9.PubMedCrossRef Huijsmans PE, Haen PS, Kidd M, Dhert WJ, van der Hulst VP, Willems WJ. Quantification of a glenoid defect with three-dimensional computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging: a cadaveric study. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2007;16:803–9.PubMedCrossRef
25.
go back to reference Gyftopoulos S, Hasan S, Bencardino J, Mayo J, Nayyar S, Babb J, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of MRI in the measurement of glenoid bone loss. Am J Roentgenol. 2012;199:873–8.CrossRef Gyftopoulos S, Hasan S, Bencardino J, Mayo J, Nayyar S, Babb J, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of MRI in the measurement of glenoid bone loss. Am J Roentgenol. 2012;199:873–8.CrossRef
26.
go back to reference Lee RK, Griffith JF, Tong MM, Sharma N, Yung P. Glenoid bone loss: assessment with MR imaging. Radiology. 2013;267:496–502.PubMedCrossRef Lee RK, Griffith JF, Tong MM, Sharma N, Yung P. Glenoid bone loss: assessment with MR imaging. Radiology. 2013;267:496–502.PubMedCrossRef
27.
go back to reference Stecco A, Guenzi E, Cascone T, Fabbiano F, Fornara P, Oronzo P, et al. MRI can assess glenoid bone loss after shoulder luxation: inter- and intra-individual comparison with CT. Radiol Med. 2013. [Epub ahead of print]. Stecco A, Guenzi E, Cascone T, Fabbiano F, Fornara P, Oronzo P, et al. MRI can assess glenoid bone loss after shoulder luxation: inter- and intra-individual comparison with CT. Radiol Med. 2013. [Epub ahead of print].
28.
go back to reference Owens BD, Burns TC, Campbell SE, Svoboda SJ, Cameron KL. Simple method of glenoid bone loss calculation using ipsilateral magnetic resonance imaging. Am J Sports Med. 2013;41:622–4.PubMedCrossRef Owens BD, Burns TC, Campbell SE, Svoboda SJ, Cameron KL. Simple method of glenoid bone loss calculation using ipsilateral magnetic resonance imaging. Am J Sports Med. 2013;41:622–4.PubMedCrossRef
29.
go back to reference Bois AJ, Fening SD, Polster J, Jones MH, Miniaci A. Quantifying glenoid bone loss in anterior shoulder instability: reliability and accuracy of 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional computed tomography measurement techniques. Am J Sports Med. 2012;40:2569–77.PubMedCrossRef Bois AJ, Fening SD, Polster J, Jones MH, Miniaci A. Quantifying glenoid bone loss in anterior shoulder instability: reliability and accuracy of 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional computed tomography measurement techniques. Am J Sports Med. 2012;40:2569–77.PubMedCrossRef
30.••
go back to reference Rerko MA, Pan X, Donaldson C, Jones GL, Bishop JY. Comparison of various imaging techniques to quantify glenoid bone loss in shoulder instability. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2013;22:528–34. Authors estimated diagnostic accuracy by comparing 3DCT with 2DCT, radiography, and MRI using cadaveric specimen with native shoulders and 3 sequential anteroinferior defects, and concluded that 3DCT is the most accurate and reliable imaging modality. Rerko MA, Pan X, Donaldson C, Jones GL, Bishop JY. Comparison of various imaging techniques to quantify glenoid bone loss in shoulder instability. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2013;22:528–34. Authors estimated diagnostic accuracy by comparing 3DCT with 2DCT, radiography, and MRI using cadaveric specimen with native shoulders and 3 sequential anteroinferior defects, and concluded that 3DCT is the most accurate and reliable imaging modality.
31.
go back to reference Bishop JY, Jones GL, Rerko MA, Donaldson C, MOON Shoulder Group. 3-D CT is the most reliable imaging modality when quantifying glenoid bone loss. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2013;471:1251–6.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Bishop JY, Jones GL, Rerko MA, Donaldson C, MOON Shoulder Group. 3-D CT is the most reliable imaging modality when quantifying glenoid bone loss. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2013;471:1251–6.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Techniques to evaluate glenoid bone loss
Author
Hiroyuki Sugaya
Publication date
01-03-2014
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine / Issue 1/2014
Electronic ISSN: 1935-9748
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12178-013-9198-3

Other articles of this Issue 1/2014

Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine 1/2014 Go to the issue

Hand and Wrist: Plastics (DT Fufa, Section editor)

Nonmicrosurgical options for soft tissue reconstruction of the hand

Shoulder: Modern Techniques in Reconstruction (A Babhulkar, Section editor)

Management of humeral head deficiencies and glenoid track

Hand and Wrist: Plastics (DT Fufa, Section editor)

Prevention and Surgical Management of Postburn Contractures of the Hand

Hand and Wrist: Plastics (DT Fufa, Section editor)

Management of acute and chronic vascular conditions of the hand

Shoulder: Modern Techniques in Reconstruction (A Babhulkar, Section editor)

Reconstruction of glenoid bone defects in shoulder instability with autologous bone