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Immunologic Research
Published in: Immunologic Research 1-3/2014

01-08-2014 | IMMUNOLOGY AT THE UNIVERSITY OF IOWA

T cell-mediated immune response to respiratory coronaviruses

Authors: Rudragouda Channappanavar, Jincun Zhao, Stanley Perlman

Published in: Immunologic Research | Issue 1-3/2014

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Abstract

Emerging respiratory coronaviruses such as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) pose potential biological threats to humans. SARS and MERS are manifested as severe atypical pneumonia associated with high morbidity and mortality in humans. The majority of studies carried out in SARS-CoV-infected humans and animals attribute a dysregulated/exuberant innate response as a leading contributor to SARS-CoV-mediated pathology. A decade after the 2002–2003 SARS epidemic, we do not have any approved preventive or therapeutic agents available in case of re-emergence of SARS-CoV or other related viruses. A strong neutralizing antibody response generated against the spike (S) glycoprotein of SARS-CoV is completely protective in the susceptible host. However, neutralizing antibody titers and the memory B cell response are short lived in SARS-recovered patients and the antibody will target primary homologous strain. Interestingly, the acute phase of SARS in humans is associated with a severe reduction in the number of T cells in the blood. Surprisingly, only a limited number of studies have explored the role of the T cell-mediated adaptive immune response in respiratory coronavirus pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss the role of anti-virus CD4 and CD8 T cells during respiratory coronavirus infections with a special emphasis on emerging coronaviruses.
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Metadata
Title
T cell-mediated immune response to respiratory coronaviruses
Authors
Rudragouda Channappanavar
Jincun Zhao
Stanley Perlman
Publication date
01-08-2014
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Immunologic Research / Issue 1-3/2014
Print ISSN: 0257-277X
Electronic ISSN: 1559-0755
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12026-014-8534-z

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