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Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research®
Published in: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research® 8/2017

Open Access 01-08-2017 | Clinical Research

Exchangeable Femoral Neck (Dual-Modular) THA Prostheses Have Poorer Survivorship Than Other Designs: A Nationwide Cohort of 324,108 Patients

Authors: Sandrine Colas, MSc, MPH, Assia Allalou, MSc, Antoine Poichotte, MD, Philippe Piriou, MD, PhD, Rosemary Dray-Spira, MD, PhD, Mahmoud Zureik, MD, PhD

Published in: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research® | Issue 8/2017

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Abstract

Background

Exchangeable neck stems, defined as those with a dual taper (that is, a modular junction between the femoral head and the femoral neck and an additional junction between the neck and the stem body), were introduced in THA to improve restoration of joint biomechanics (restoring anteversion, offset, and limb length) and reduce the risk of dislocation. However exchangeable necks have been reported to result in adverse effects such as stem fractures and acute local tissue reaction. Whether they result in a net improvement to or impairment of reconstructive survivorship remains controversial.

Questions/Purposes

(1) To compare the prosthetic survivorship and all-cause revision risk of exchangeable femoral neck THAs versus fixed neck THAs, taking known prosthetic revision risk factors into account; and (2) to compare the cause-specific revision risk of exchangeable femoral neck THAs versus fixed neck THAs, adjusting for known prosthetic risk factors.

Methods

Using French national health-insurance databases, we identified all French patients older than 40 years who underwent primary THA from 2009 through 2012. To ensure accuracy of the data, we considered only beneficiaries of the general insurance scheme (approximately 77% of the population). Characteristics of the prosthesis and the patients receiving an exchangeable femoral neck THA were compared with those receiving a fixed femoral neck THA (defined as femoral stem with only the head being exchangeable). Revision was the event of interest. Followup started on the date the THA was performed, until the patient experienced revision, died, was lost to followup, or until the followup period ended (December 31, 2014), whichever came first. Competing risk THA survivorship was calculated and compared (purpose 1), as were cause-specific Cox regression models (purpose 2). The study cohort included 324,108 individuals with a mean age of 77 years. A total of 24% underwent THA for acute trauma, and 3% of the group received an exchangeable neck THA. During the median 45-month followup (mean, 42 months; minimum, 1 day; maximum, 6 years), 11,968 individuals underwent prosthetic revision.

Results

The cumulative revision incidence was 6.5% (95% CI, 5.8%–7.3%) for exchangeable neck THAs versus 4.7% (95% CI, 4.6%–4.8%) for fixed neck THAs (p < 0.001). After controlling for potential confounding variables including age, sex, comorbidities, indication for THA, cementation, bearing surface, and the characteristics of the center where the implantation was performed, we found that the exchangeable femoral neck THA was associated with an increased hazard ratio (HR) of revision of 1.26 (95% CI, 1.14–1.38; p < 0.001) compared with the fixed neck THA. When dealing with cause-specific revision, exchangeable neck THAs had a higher incidence of revision for implant failure or periprosthetic fracture, and for mechanical complications; adjusted HRs were, respectively, 1.68 (95% CI, 1.24–2.27; p < 0.001) and 1.27 (95% CI, 1.13–1.43; p < 0.001), for exchangeable neck THAs compared with fixed ones.

Conclusions

Exchangeable neck THAs had poorer survivorship independent of other prosthetic revision risk factors. Accordingly, expected anatomic and functional benefits should be carefully assessed before choosing this design.

Level of Evidence

Level III, therapeutic study.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
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Metadata
Title
Exchangeable Femoral Neck (Dual-Modular) THA Prostheses Have Poorer Survivorship Than Other Designs: A Nationwide Cohort of 324,108 Patients
Authors
Sandrine Colas, MSc, MPH
Assia Allalou, MSc
Antoine Poichotte, MD
Philippe Piriou, MD, PhD
Rosemary Dray-Spira, MD, PhD
Mahmoud Zureik, MD, PhD
Publication date
01-08-2017
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research® / Issue 8/2017
Print ISSN: 0009-921X
Electronic ISSN: 1528-1132
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-017-5260-6

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