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Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research®
Published in: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research® 8/2011

01-08-2011 | Symposium: Bone Quality: From Bench to Bedside

The Classic: The Metabolic Effects of Steroid Hormones in Osteoporosis

Authors: Edward C. Reifenstein Jr., MD, Fuller Albright, MD

Published in: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research® | Issue 8/2011

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Abstract

This Classic Article is a reprint of the original work by E.C. Reifenstein Jr. and F. Albright, The Metabolic Effects of Steroid Hormones in Osteoporosis. An accompanying biographical sketch of F. Albright is available at DOI 10.​1007/​s11999-011-1831-0. The Classic Article is ©1946 and is reprinted with permission from The American Society for Clinical Investigation from Reifenstein EC, Albright F. The metabolic effects of steroid hormones in osteoporosis. J Clin Invest. 1947;26:24–56.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Footnotes
1
These observations were carried out by Dr. Nathan B. Talbot with his method [10]. The normal range is 0.10 to 0.35 mgm. per 24 hours.
 
2
The level fell from 200-300 units per day to less than 6 units per day. Normal range of FSH excretion is 6 to 50 mouse units per day [11].
 
3
Conjugated equine estrogens (Premarin [Ayerst, Mc-Kenna and Harrison]).
 
Literature
1.
Albright, F., Bloomberg, E., and Smith, P. H., Post-menopausal osteoporosis. Tr. Assoc. Am. Physicians, 1940, 55, 298.
2.
Albright, F., Parson, W., and Bloomberg, E., Cushing’s syndrome interpreted as hyperadrenocorticism leading to hypergluconeogenesis; results of treatment with testosterone propionate. J. Clin. Endocrinol., 1941, 1, 375.CrossRef
3.
Albright, F., Smith, P. H., and Richardson, A. M., Post-menopausal osteoporosis: its clinical features. J. A. M. A., 1941, 116, 2465.
4.
Reifenstein, E. C, Jr., and Albright, F., Paget’s disease: its pathologic physiology and the importance of this in the complications arising from fracture and immobilization. New Eng. J. Med., 1944, 231, 343.CrossRef
5.
Albright, F., Burnett, C. H., Cope, O., and Parson, W., Acute atrophy of bone (osteoporosis) simulating hyperparathyroidism. J. Clin. Endocrinol., 1941, 1, 711.CrossRef
6.
Albright, F., Cushing’s syndrome. Its pathological physiology, its relationship to the adrenogenital syndrome, and its connection with the problem of the reaction of the body to injurious agents (“alarm reaction” of Selye). The Harvey Lecture Series, 1942–1943, 38, 123.
7.
Selye, H., The alarm reaction. Cyclopedia Med. Surg, and Spec., F. A. Davis Company, Philadelphia, 1940, 15. Also, Selye, H., The general adaptation syndrome and the diseases of adaptation. J. Clin. Endocrinol., 1946, 6, 117.
8.
Reifenstein, E. C., Jr., Kinsell, L. W., and Albright, F., Observations on the use of the serum phosphorus level as an index of pituitary growth hormone activity; the effect of estrogen therapy in acromegaly. Endocrinol., 1946, 39, 71. Also Conference on Metabolic Aspects of Convalescence Including Bone and Wound Healing. Trans. of 12th Meeting, February 4–5, 1946, p. 97; distributed by Josiah Macy, Jr. Foundation, New York.
9.
Reifenstein, E. C., Jr., Albright, F., and Wells, S. L., The accumulation, interpretation, and presentation of data pertaining to metabolic balances, notably those of calcium, phosphorus, and nitrogen. J. Clin. Endocrinol., 1945, 5, 367.CrossRef
10.
Talbot, N. B., Saltzman, A. H., Wixom, R. L., and Wolfe, J. K., The colorimetric assay of urinary corticosteroid-like substances. J. Biol. Chem., 1945, 160, 535.PubMed
11.
Klinefelter, H. F., Jr., Albright, F., and Griswold, G. C., Experience with a quantitative test for normal or decreased amounts of follicle stimulating hormone in the urine in endocrinological diagnosis. J. Clin. Endocrinol., 1943, 3, 529.CrossRef
12.
Abels, J. C., and Dobriner, K., Conference on Metabolic Aspects of Convalescence Including Bone and Wound Healing, Transactions of Seventh Meeting, June 9–10, 1944, p. 122; distributed by Josiah Macy, Jr. Foundation, New York.
13.
Farquharson, R. F., Salter, W. T., Tibbets, D. M., and Aub, J. C., Studies of calcium and phosphorus metabolism. XII. The effect of the ingestion of acid-producing substances. J. Clin. Invest, 1931, 10, 221.PubMedCrossRef
14.
Howard, J. E., Parson, W., and Bigham, R. S., Jr., Studies on fracture convalescence. III. The urinary excretion of calcium and phosphorus. Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp., 1945, 77, 291.PubMed
15.
Forbes, A. P., Donaldson, E. C., Reifenstein, E. C., Jr., and Albright, F., The effect of trauma and disease on the urinary 17-ketosteroid excretion in man. J. Gin. Endocrinol. To be published.
16.
Browne, J. S. L., Conference on Metabolic Aspects of Convalescence Including Bone and Wound Healing, Transactions of the Fifth Meeting, October 8–9, 1943, p. 91; distributed by Josiah Macy, Jr. Foundation, New York.
17.
Shorr, E., Bernheim, A. R., and Taussky, H., The relation of urinary citric acid excretion to the menstrual cycle and the steroidal reproductive hormones. Science, 1942, 95, 606.PubMedCrossRef
18.
Reifenstein, E. C., Jr., and Albright, F., Conferences on Metabolic Aspects of Convalescence Including Bone and Wound Healing, Transactions of the Fifth Meeting, October 8–9, 1943, p. 79; distributed by Josiah Macy, Jr. Foundation, New York.
19.
Fremont-Smith, M., Graham, R. M., Janzen, L. T., and Meigs, J. V., The vaginal smear in the diagnosis of uterine cancer. J. Clin. Endocrinol., 1945, 5, 40.CrossRef
20.
Fraser, R. W., Forbes, A. P., Albright, F., Sulko-witch, H., and Reifenstein, E. C., Jr., Colorimetric assay of 17-ketosteroids in urine; a survey of the use of this test in endocrine investigation, diagnosis, and therapy. J. Clin. Endocrinol., 1941, 1, 234.CrossRef
21.
Reifenstein, E. C., Jr., Albright, F., Parson, W., and Bloomberg, E., The effect of estradiol benzoate, of testosterone propionate, and of combinations of both on post-menopausal osteoporosis and senile osteoporosis. Endocrinol., 1942, 30, S1024.
22.
Reifenstein, E. C, Jr., and Albright, F., Conferences on Metabolic Aspects of Convalescence Including Bone and Wound Healing, Transactions of First Meeting, September 11–12, 1942, p. 37; Transactions of Second Meeting, December 11–12, 1942, p. 69 and 96; and Transactions of Fourth Meeting, June 11–12, 1943, p. 77; distributed by Josiah Macy, Jr. Foundation, New York.
23.
Reifenstein, E. C., Jr., and Albright, F., Conferences on Metabolic Aspects of Convalescence Including Bone and Wound Healing, Transactions of Third Meeting, March 12–13, 1943, p. 63; and Transactions of Fourth Meeting, June 11–12, 1943, p. 77; distributed by Josiah Macy, Jr. Foundation, New York.
24.
Reifenstein, E. C., Jr., and Albright, F., Conferences on Metabolic Aspects of Convalescence Including Bone and Wound Healing, Transactions of Fourth Meeting, June 11–12, 1943, p. 77; distributed by Josiah Macy, Jr. Foundation, New York.
25.
Reifenstein, E. C., Jr., Forbes, A. P., Albright, F., Donaldson, E., and Carroll, E., Effect of methyl testosterone on urinary 17-ketosteroids of adrenal origin. J. Clin. Invest., 1945, 24, 416.PubMedCrossRef
26.
Albright, F., and MacMahon, H. E., Clinical Pathological Conference. Bull. New Eng. Med. Center, 1941, 3, 35.
Metadata
Title
The Classic: The Metabolic Effects of Steroid Hormones in Osteoporosis
Authors
Edward C. Reifenstein Jr., MD
Fuller Albright, MD
Publication date
01-08-2011
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research® / Issue 8/2011
Print ISSN: 0009-921X
Electronic ISSN: 1528-1132
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-011-1832-z

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