Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research® 2/2009

01-02-2009 | Symposium: Clinical Risk and Judicial Reasoning

Juries and Medical Malpractice Claims: Empirical Facts versus Myths

Author: Neil Vidmar, JD

Published in: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research® | Issue 2/2009

Login to get access

Abstract

Juries in medical malpractice trials are viewed as incompetent, antidoctor, irresponsible in awarding damages to patients, and casting a threatening shadow over the settlement process. Several decades of systematic empirical research yields little support for these claims. This article summarizes those findings. Doctors win about three cases of four that go to trial. Juries are skeptical about inflated claims. Jury verdicts on negligence are roughly similar to assessments made by medical experts and judges. Damage awards tend to correlate positively with the severity of injury. There are defensible reasons for large damage awards. Moreover, the largest awards are typically settled for much less than the verdicts.
Literature
3.
go back to reference Baker T. Blood money, new money and the moral code of the personal injury bar. Law & Soc’y Rev. 2002;35:257–319. Baker T. Blood money, new money and the moral code of the personal injury bar. Law & Soc’y Rev. 2002;35:257–319.
4.
go back to reference Baker T. The Medical Malpractice Myth. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press; 2005:22–44, 45–67. Baker T. The Medical Malpractice Myth. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press; 2005:22–44, 45–67.
6.
go back to reference Bovbjerg R, Sloan F, Blumstein J. Valuing life and limb in tort: scheduling “pain and suffering.” NW UL Rev. 1989;83:908–976. Bovbjerg R, Sloan F, Blumstein J. Valuing life and limb in tort: scheduling “pain and suffering.” NW UL Rev. 1989;83:908–976.
9.
go back to reference Daniels S, Martin J. Civil Juries and the Politics of Reform. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1995:92–151. Daniels S, Martin J. Civil Juries and the Politics of Reform. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1995:92–151.
10.
go back to reference Diamond S, Vidmar N. Jury room ruminations on forbidden evidence. Virginia Law Rev. 2001;87:1857–1915.CrossRef Diamond S, Vidmar N. Jury room ruminations on forbidden evidence. Virginia Law Rev. 2001;87:1857–1915.CrossRef
11.
go back to reference Diamond S, Vidmar N, Rose M, Ellis L, Murphy B. Juror discussions during trial: studying an Arizona innovation. Arizona Law Rev. 2003;45:1–82. Diamond S, Vidmar N, Rose M, Ellis L, Murphy B. Juror discussions during trial: studying an Arizona innovation. Arizona Law Rev. 2003;45:1–82.
12.
go back to reference Engel D. The oven bird’s song: insiders, outsiders, and personal injuries in an American community. Law & Soc’y Rev. 1984;18:551–582.CrossRef Engel D. The oven bird’s song: insiders, outsiders, and personal injuries in an American community. Law & Soc’y Rev. 1984;18:551–582.CrossRef
13.
go back to reference Farber H, White M. A comparison of formal and informal dispute resolution in medical malpractice. J Legal Stud. 1991;23:777–806.CrossRef Farber H, White M. A comparison of formal and informal dispute resolution in medical malpractice. J Legal Stud. 1991;23:777–806.CrossRef
14.
go back to reference Hans V, Lofquist W. Perceptions of civil justice: the litigation crisis attitudes of civil jurors. Behav Sci Law. 1994;12:181–196.CrossRef Hans V, Lofquist W. Perceptions of civil justice: the litigation crisis attitudes of civil jurors. Behav Sci Law. 1994;12:181–196.CrossRef
15.
go back to reference Hans V. Business on Trial: The Civil Jury and Corporate Liability. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2001:50–179. Hans V. Business on Trial: The Civil Jury and Corporate Liability. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2001:50–179.
17.
go back to reference Heuer L, Penrod S. Trial complexity: a field investigation of its meaning and effects. Law & Hum Behav. 1994;18:29–52.CrossRef Heuer L, Penrod S. Trial complexity: a field investigation of its meaning and effects. Law & Hum Behav. 1994;18:29–52.CrossRef
18.
go back to reference Hyman D, Black B, Zeiler K, Silver C, Sage W. Do defendants pay what juries award? Post verdict haircuts in Texas medical malpractice cases:1988–2003. J Empirical Legal Stud. 2007;4:3–68.CrossRef Hyman D, Black B, Zeiler K, Silver C, Sage W. Do defendants pay what juries award? Post verdict haircuts in Texas medical malpractice cases:1988–2003. J Empirical Legal Stud. 2007;4:3–68.CrossRef
19.
go back to reference Johnson K, Phillips C, Orentlichter D. A fault-based administrative system for resolving medical malpractice claims. Vand L Rev. 1989;42:1365–1406. Johnson K, Phillips C, Orentlichter D. A fault-based administrative system for resolving medical malpractice claims. Vand L Rev. 1989;42:1365–1406.
20.
go back to reference Kalven H, Zeisel H. The American Jury. Chicago, IL : University of Chicago Press, 1966;56–65. Kalven H, Zeisel H. The American Jury. Chicago, IL : University of Chicago Press, 1966;56–65.
21.
go back to reference Kutnjak-Ivokovic S, Hans V. Jurors Evaluation of Expert Testimony, Judging The Messenger and the Message. Law & Soc Inquiry. 2003;28:441–482.CrossRef Kutnjak-Ivokovic S, Hans V. Jurors Evaluation of Expert Testimony, Judging The Messenger and the Message. Law & Soc Inquiry. 2003;28:441–482.CrossRef
22.
go back to reference Mello M, Hemenway D. Medical malpractice as an epidemiological problem. Soc Sci Med. 2004;59:39–46.PubMedCrossRef Mello M, Hemenway D. Medical malpractice as an epidemiological problem. Soc Sci Med. 2004;59:39–46.PubMedCrossRef
23.
go back to reference Peeples R, Harris C, Metzloff T. Settlement has many faces: physicians, attorneys, and medical malpractice. J Health Soc Behav. 2000;41:333–246.PubMedCrossRef Peeples R, Harris C, Metzloff T. Settlement has many faces: physicians, attorneys, and medical malpractice. J Health Soc Behav. 2000;41:333–246.PubMedCrossRef
24.
go back to reference Rosenblatt R, Hurst A. An analysis of closed obstetric malpractice claims. Obstet Gynecol. 1989;74:710–713.PubMed Rosenblatt R, Hurst A. An analysis of closed obstetric malpractice claims. Obstet Gynecol. 1989;74:710–713.PubMed
25.
go back to reference Saks M. Medical malpractice: facing real problems and finding real solutions. William & Mary Law Rev. 1994;35:693–720. Saks M. Medical malpractice: facing real problems and finding real solutions. William & Mary Law Rev. 1994;35:693–720.
26.
go back to reference Schuman D, Whittaker E, Champagne A. An empirical examination of the use of expert witnesses in the courts—part two: a three city study. Jurimetrics J. 1994;34:193–206. Schuman D, Whittaker E, Champagne A. An empirical examination of the use of expert witnesses in the courts—part two: a three city study. Jurimetrics J. 1994;34:193–206.
27.
go back to reference Sloan F, Chepke L. Medical Malpractice. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. 2008;58–62:166–170. Sloan F, Chepke L. Medical Malpractice. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. 2008;58–62:166–170.
28.
go back to reference Sloan F, van Wert S. Cost of injuries. In: Sloan F. Suing for Medical Malpractice. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1993:123–152. Sloan F, van Wert S. Cost of injuries. In: Sloan F. Suing for Medical Malpractice. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1993:123–152.
29.
go back to reference Studdert DM, Mello MM, Gawande AA, Gandhi TK, Kachalia A, Yoon C, Puopolo AL, Brennan TA. Claims, errors and compensation payments in medical malpractice litigation. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:2024–2033.PubMedCrossRef Studdert DM, Mello MM, Gawande AA, Gandhi TK, Kachalia A, Yoon C, Puopolo AL, Brennan TA. Claims, errors and compensation payments in medical malpractice litigation. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:2024–2033.PubMedCrossRef
31.
go back to reference Taragin M, Willett L, Wilczek A, Trout R, Carson J. The influence of standard of care and severity of injury on the resolution of medical malpractice claims. Ann Intern Med. 1992;117:780–784.PubMed Taragin M, Willett L, Wilczek A, Trout R, Carson J. The influence of standard of care and severity of injury on the resolution of medical malpractice claims. Ann Intern Med. 1992;117:780–784.PubMed
33.
go back to reference Vidmar N. Empirical evidence on the “deep pockets” hypothesis: jury awards for pain and suffering in medical malpractice cases. Duke LJ. 1993;43:217–266.CrossRef Vidmar N. Empirical evidence on the “deep pockets” hypothesis: jury awards for pain and suffering in medical malpractice cases. Duke LJ. 1993;43:217–266.CrossRef
34.
go back to reference Vidmar N. Medical Malpractice and the American Jury. Ann Arbor, MI: U. Michigan Press. 1995;69–94; 221–236–248. Vidmar N. Medical Malpractice and the American Jury. Ann Arbor, MI: U. Michigan Press. 1995;69–94; 221–236–248.
35.
go back to reference Vidmar N. Listening to jurors and asking them questions. Trial Briefs. 2002;August:9–13. Vidmar N. Listening to jurors and asking them questions. Trial Briefs. 2002;August:9–13.
36.
go back to reference Vidmar N. Medical malpractice lawsuits: an essay on patient interests, the contingency fee system, juries and social policy. Loy LA L Rev. 2005;38:1217–1266. Vidmar N. Medical malpractice lawsuits: an essay on patient interests, the contingency fee system, juries and social policy. Loy LA L Rev. 2005;38:1217–1266.
37.
go back to reference Vidmar N, Diamond S. Juries and expert evidence. Brook L Rev. 2001;66:1121–1180. Vidmar N, Diamond S. Juries and expert evidence. Brook L Rev. 2001;66:1121–1180.
38.
go back to reference Vidmar N, Hans V. American Juries: The Verdict. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books; 2007;147–190, 281–302. Vidmar N, Hans V. American Juries: The Verdict. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books; 2007;147–190, 281–302.
39.
go back to reference Vidmar N, Lee J, Cohen E, Stewart A. Damage awards and jurors’ responsibility ascriptions in medical versus automobile negligence cases. Behav Sci Law. 1994;12:149–160.PubMedCrossRef Vidmar N, Lee J, Cohen E, Stewart A. Damage awards and jurors’ responsibility ascriptions in medical versus automobile negligence cases. Behav Sci Law. 1994;12:149–160.PubMedCrossRef
40.
go back to reference Vidmar N, Lee P, MacKillop K, McCarthy K, McGwin G. Jury awards for medical malpractice and post-verdict adjustments of those awards. DePaul Law Rev. 2005;54:315–356. Vidmar N, Lee P, MacKillop K, McCarthy K, McGwin G. Jury awards for medical malpractice and post-verdict adjustments of those awards. DePaul Law Rev. 2005;54:315–356.
41.
go back to reference Vidmar N, MacKillop K. “Judicial hellholes,” medical malpractice claims, verdicts and the “doctor exodus” in Illinois. Vand L Rev. 2006;59:1309–1342. Vidmar N, MacKillop K. “Judicial hellholes,” medical malpractice claims, verdicts and the “doctor exodus” in Illinois. Vand L Rev. 2006;59:1309–1342.
42.
go back to reference Vidmar N, MacKillop K, Lee P. Million dollar medical malpractice cases in Florida: post-verdict and pre-suit settlements. Vand L Rev. 2006;59:1343–1381. Vidmar N, MacKillop K, Lee P. Million dollar medical malpractice cases in Florida: post-verdict and pre-suit settlements. Vand L Rev. 2006;59:1343–1381.
43.
go back to reference Vidmar N, Rice J. Assessments of non-economic damage awards in medical negligence: a comparison of jurors with legal professionals. Iowa L Rev. 1993;78:883–912. Vidmar N, Rice J. Assessments of non-economic damage awards in medical negligence: a comparison of jurors with legal professionals. Iowa L Rev. 1993;78:883–912.
Metadata
Title
Juries and Medical Malpractice Claims: Empirical Facts versus Myths
Author
Neil Vidmar, JD
Publication date
01-02-2009
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research® / Issue 2/2009
Print ISSN: 0009-921X
Electronic ISSN: 1528-1132
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-008-0608-6

Other articles of this Issue 2/2009

Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research® 2/2009 Go to the issue

Symposium: Clinical Risk and Judicial Reasoning

The Classic: Report of the Committee on Suits for Malpractice

Symposium: Clinical Risk and Judicial Reasoning

Twenty Years of Evidence on the Outcomes of Malpractice Claims