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Current Treatment Options in Neurology
Published in: Current Treatment Options in Neurology 4/2015

01-04-2015 | Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders (P Villoslada, Section Editor)

The Gut Microbiome in Multiple Sclerosis

Authors: Daniel W. Mielcarz, PhD, Lloyd H. Kasper, MD

Published in: Current Treatment Options in Neurology | Issue 4/2015

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Opinion statement

The gut microbiome is made up of a wide range of (chiefly) bacterial species that colonize the small and large intestine. The human gut microbiome contains a subset of thousands of bacterial species, with up to 1014 total bacteria. Studies examining this bacterial content have shown wide variations in which species are present between individuals. The gut microbiome has been shown to have profound effects on the development and maintenance of immune system in both animal models and in humans. A growing body of evidence has implicated the human gut microbiome in a range of disorders, including obesity, inflammatory bowel diseases, and cardiovascular disease. Animal studies present compelling evidence that the gut microbiome plays a significant role in the progression of demyelinating disease, and that modulation of the microbiome can lead to either exacerbation or amelioration of symptoms. Differences in diet, vitamin D insufficiency, smoking, and alcohol use have all been implicated as risk factors in MS, and all have the ability to affect the composition of the gut microbiota. Preliminary clinical trials aimed at modulating the gut microbiota in MS patients are underway and may prove to be a promising and lower-risk treatment option in the future.
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Metadata
Title
The Gut Microbiome in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors
Daniel W. Mielcarz, PhD
Lloyd H. Kasper, MD
Publication date
01-04-2015
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Current Treatment Options in Neurology / Issue 4/2015
Print ISSN: 1092-8480
Electronic ISSN: 1534-3138
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11940-015-0344-7

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