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01-12-2016 | Attention-Deficit Disorder (A Rostain, Section Editor)

Life Span Studies of ADHD—Conceptual Challenges and Predictors of Persistence and Outcome

Authors: Arthur Caye, James Swanson, Anita Thapar, Margaret Sibley, Louise Arseneault, Lily Hechtman, L. Eugene Arnold, Janni Niclasen, Terrie Moffitt, Luis Augusto Rohde

Published in: Current Psychiatry Reports | Issue 12/2016

Abstract

There is a renewed interest in better conceptualizing trajectories of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) from childhood to adulthood, driven by an increased recognition of long-term impairment and potential persistence beyond childhood and adolescence. This review addresses the following major issues relevant to the course of ADHD in light of current evidence from longitudinal studies: (1) conceptual and methodological issues related to measurement of persistence of ADHD, (2) estimates of persistence rate from childhood to adulthood and its predictors, (3) long-term negative outcomes of childhood ADHD and their early predictors, and (4) the recently proposed new adult-onset ADHD. Estimates of persistence vary widely in the literature, and diagnostic criteria, sample characteristics, and information source are the most important factors explaining variability among studies. Evidence indicates that ADHD severity, comorbid conduct disorder and major depressive disorder, and treatment for ADHD are the main predictors of ADHD persistence from childhood to adulthood. Comorbid conduct disorder and ADHD severity in childhood are the most important predictors of adverse outcomes in adulthood among children with ADHD. Three recent population studies suggested the existence of a significant proportion of individuals who report onset of ADHD symptoms and impairments after childhood. Finally, we highlight areas for improvement to increase our understanding of ADHD across the life span.

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Title: Life Span Studies of ADHD—Conceptual Challenges and Predictors of Persistence and Outcome
Authors: Arthur Caye
James Swanson
Anita Thapar
Margaret Sibley
Louise Arseneault
Lily Hechtman
L. Eugene Arnold
Janni Niclasen
Terrie Moffitt
Luis Augusto Rohde
Publication date: 01-12-2016
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: Current Psychiatry Reports / Issue 12/2016
Print ISSN: 1523-3812
Electronic ISSN: 1535-1645
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-016-0750-x

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Life Span Studies of ADHD—Conceptual Challenges and Predictors of Persistence and Outcome

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