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01-06-2013 | Skeletal Biology (DB Burr, Section Editor)

MicroRNA Functions in Osteogenesis and Dysfunctions in Osteoporosis

Authors: Andre J. van Wijnen, Jeroen van de Peppel, Johannes P. van Leeuwen, Jane B. Lian, Gary S. Stein, Jennifer J. Westendorf, Merry-Jo Oursler, Hee-Jeong Im, Hanna Taipaleenmäki, Eric Hesse, Scott Riester, Sanjeev Kakar

Published in: Current Osteoporosis Reports | Issue 2/2013

Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression that control osteoblast mediated bone formation and osteoclast-related bone remodeling. Deregulation of miRNA mediated mechanisms is emerging as an important pathological factor in bone degeneration (eg, osteoporosis) and other bone-related diseases. MiRNAs are intriguing regulatory molecules that are networked with cell signaling pathways and intricate transcriptional programs through ingenuous circuits with remarkably simple logic. This overview examines key principles by which miRNAs control differentiation of osteoblasts as they evolve from mesenchymal stromal cells during osteogenesis, or of osteoclasts as they originate from monocytic precursors in the hematopoietic lineage during osteoclastogenesis. Of particular note are miRNAs that are temporally upregulated during osteoblastogenesis (eg, miR-218) or osteoclastogenesis (eg, miR-148a). Each miRNA stimulates differentiation by suppressing inhibitory signaling pathways (‘double-negative’ regulation). The excitement surrounding miRNAs in bone biology stems from the prominent effects that individual miRNAs can have on biological transitions during differentiation of skeletal cells and correlations of miRNA dysfunction with bone diseases. MiRNAs have significant clinical potential which is reflected by their versatility as disease-specific biomarkers and their promise as therapeutic agents to ameliorate or reverse bone tissue degeneration.

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Title: MicroRNA Functions in Osteogenesis and Dysfunctions in Osteoporosis
Authors: Andre J. van Wijnen
Jeroen van de Peppel
Johannes P. van Leeuwen
Jane B. Lian
Gary S. Stein
Jennifer J. Westendorf
Merry-Jo Oursler
Hee-Jeong Im
Hanna Taipaleenmäki
Eric Hesse
Scott Riester
Sanjeev Kakar
Publication date: 01-06-2013
Publisher: Current Science Inc.
Published in: Current Osteoporosis Reports / Issue 2/2013
Print ISSN: 1544-1873
Electronic ISSN: 1544-2241
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11914-013-0143-6

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Springer Medicine

MicroRNA Functions in Osteogenesis and Dysfunctions in Osteoporosis

Abstract

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

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