Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Current Oncology Reports 2/2012

01-04-2012 | Head and Neck Cancers (EY Hanna, Section Editor)

Functional Outcomes after Chemoradiotherapy of Laryngeal and Pharyngeal Cancers

Published in: Current Oncology Reports | Issue 2/2012

Login to get access

Abstract

Organ preservation regimens that combine chemotherapy and radiotherapy (chemoradiotherapy) are increasingly used as the primary treatment of laryngeal and pharyngeal cancers. Meta-analytic data show a survival benefit with combined modality therapy, but the functional sequelae can be significant. Dysphagia is recognized as a common and often devastating late effect of chemoradiotherapy. This review examines functional outcomes after chemoradiotherapy for laryngeal and pharyngeal cancers, with a particular emphasis on dysphagia. Topics examined include the burden of dysphagia after chemoradiation, pathophysiology of dysphagia, baseline functioning, recommendations to improve long-term function, and voice outcomes.
Literature
1.
2.
go back to reference Chen AY, Schrag N, Hao Y, et al. Changes in treatment of advanced laryngeal cancer 1985–2001. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2006;135:831–7.PubMedCrossRef Chen AY, Schrag N, Hao Y, et al. Changes in treatment of advanced laryngeal cancer 1985–2001. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2006;135:831–7.PubMedCrossRef
3.
go back to reference Zhen W, Karnell LH, Hoffman HT, et al. The National Cancer Data Base report on squamous cell carcinoma of the base of tongue. Head Neck. 2004;26:660–74.PubMedCrossRef Zhen W, Karnell LH, Hoffman HT, et al. The National Cancer Data Base report on squamous cell carcinoma of the base of tongue. Head Neck. 2004;26:660–74.PubMedCrossRef
4.
go back to reference Pignon JP, le Maitre A, Maillard E, Bourhis J. Meta-analysis of chemotherapy in head and neck cancer (MACH-NC): an update on 93 randomised trials and 17,346 patients. Radiother Oncol. 2009;92:4–14.PubMedCrossRef Pignon JP, le Maitre A, Maillard E, Bourhis J. Meta-analysis of chemotherapy in head and neck cancer (MACH-NC): an update on 93 randomised trials and 17,346 patients. Radiother Oncol. 2009;92:4–14.PubMedCrossRef
5.
go back to reference Trotti A, Bellm LA, Epstein JB, et al. Mucositis incidence, severity and associated outcomes in patients with head and neck cancer receiving radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy: a systematic literature review. Radiother Oncol. 2003;66:253–62.PubMedCrossRef Trotti A, Bellm LA, Epstein JB, et al. Mucositis incidence, severity and associated outcomes in patients with head and neck cancer receiving radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy: a systematic literature review. Radiother Oncol. 2003;66:253–62.PubMedCrossRef
6.
go back to reference Tschiesner U. Changing the perspective: current trends in the assessment of functional outcome in patients with head and neck cancer. Curr Oncol Rep. 2011;13:126–31.PubMedCrossRef Tschiesner U. Changing the perspective: current trends in the assessment of functional outcome in patients with head and neck cancer. Curr Oncol Rep. 2011;13:126–31.PubMedCrossRef
7.
go back to reference Tschiesner U, Rogers S, Dietz A, et al. Development of ICF core sets for head and neck cancer. Head Neck. 2010;32:210–20.PubMed Tschiesner U, Rogers S, Dietz A, et al. Development of ICF core sets for head and neck cancer. Head Neck. 2010;32:210–20.PubMed
8.
go back to reference Chen AY, Frankowski R, Bishop-Leone J, et al. The development and validation of a dysphagia-specific quality-of-life questionnaire for patients with head and neck cancer: the M. D. Anderson dysphagia inventory. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2001;127:870–6.PubMed Chen AY, Frankowski R, Bishop-Leone J, et al. The development and validation of a dysphagia-specific quality-of-life questionnaire for patients with head and neck cancer: the M. D. Anderson dysphagia inventory. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2001;127:870–6.PubMed
9.
go back to reference Rosenthal DI, Mendoza TR, Chambers MS, et al. Measuring head and neck cancer symptom burden: the development and validation of the M. D. Anderson symptom inventory, head and neck module. Head Neck. 2007;29:923–31.PubMedCrossRef Rosenthal DI, Mendoza TR, Chambers MS, et al. Measuring head and neck cancer symptom burden: the development and validation of the M. D. Anderson symptom inventory, head and neck module. Head Neck. 2007;29:923–31.PubMedCrossRef
10.
go back to reference Rogers SN, Gwanne S, Lowe D, et al. The addition of mood and anxiety domains to the University of Washington quality of life scale. Head Neck. 2002;24:521–9.PubMedCrossRef Rogers SN, Gwanne S, Lowe D, et al. The addition of mood and anxiety domains to the University of Washington quality of life scale. Head Neck. 2002;24:521–9.PubMedCrossRef
11.
go back to reference •• Francis DO, Weymuller EA, Jr., Parvathaneni U, et al. Dysphagia, stricture, and pneumonia in head and neck cancer patients: does treatment modality matter? Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2010;119:391–7. Population-based data show highest rates of dysphagia, stricture, and pneumonia in HNC patients treated with chemoradiotherapy compared with other modalities. PubMed •• Francis DO, Weymuller EA, Jr., Parvathaneni U, et al. Dysphagia, stricture, and pneumonia in head and neck cancer patients: does treatment modality matter? Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2010;119:391–7. Population-based data show highest rates of dysphagia, stricture, and pneumonia in HNC patients treated with chemoradiotherapy compared with other modalities. PubMed
12.
go back to reference Suntharalingam M, Kwok Y, Goloubeva O, et al. Phase II study evaluating the addition of cetuximab to the concurrent delivery of weekly carboplatin, paclitaxel, and daily radiotherapy for patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2011 [Epub ahead of print]. Suntharalingam M, Kwok Y, Goloubeva O, et al. Phase II study evaluating the addition of cetuximab to the concurrent delivery of weekly carboplatin, paclitaxel, and daily radiotherapy for patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2011 [Epub ahead of print].
13.
go back to reference Kies MS, Holsinger FC, Lee JJ, et al. Induction chemotherapy and cetuximab for locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: results from a phase II prospective trial. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28:8–14.PubMedCrossRef Kies MS, Holsinger FC, Lee JJ, et al. Induction chemotherapy and cetuximab for locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: results from a phase II prospective trial. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28:8–14.PubMedCrossRef
14.
go back to reference Lefebvre JL, Rolland F, Tesselaar M, et al. Phase 3 randomized trial on larynx preservation comparing sequential vs alternating chemotherapy and radiotherapy. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2009;101:142–52.PubMedCrossRef Lefebvre JL, Rolland F, Tesselaar M, et al. Phase 3 randomized trial on larynx preservation comparing sequential vs alternating chemotherapy and radiotherapy. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2009;101:142–52.PubMedCrossRef
15.
go back to reference Garden AS, Harris J, Trotti A, et al. Long-term results of concomitant boost radiation plus concurrent cisplatin for advanced head and neck carcinomas: a phase II trial of the radiation therapy oncology group (RTOG 99–14). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2008;71:1351–5.PubMedCrossRef Garden AS, Harris J, Trotti A, et al. Long-term results of concomitant boost radiation plus concurrent cisplatin for advanced head and neck carcinomas: a phase II trial of the radiation therapy oncology group (RTOG 99–14). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2008;71:1351–5.PubMedCrossRef
16.
go back to reference Cmelak AJ, Li S, Goldwasser MA, et al. Phase II trial of chemoradiation for organ preservation in resectable stage III or IV squamous cell carcinomas of the larynx or oropharynx: results of Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Study E2399. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25:3971–7.PubMedCrossRef Cmelak AJ, Li S, Goldwasser MA, et al. Phase II trial of chemoradiation for organ preservation in resectable stage III or IV squamous cell carcinomas of the larynx or oropharynx: results of Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Study E2399. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25:3971–7.PubMedCrossRef
17.
go back to reference Bensadoun RJ, Benezery K, Dassonville O, et al. French multicenter phase III randomized study testing concurrent twice-a-day radiotherapy and cisplatin/5-fluorouracil chemotherapy (BiRCF) in unresectable pharyngeal carcinoma: Results at 2 years (FNCLCC-GORTEC). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2006;64:983–94.PubMedCrossRef Bensadoun RJ, Benezery K, Dassonville O, et al. French multicenter phase III randomized study testing concurrent twice-a-day radiotherapy and cisplatin/5-fluorouracil chemotherapy (BiRCF) in unresectable pharyngeal carcinoma: Results at 2 years (FNCLCC-GORTEC). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2006;64:983–94.PubMedCrossRef
18.
go back to reference Murphy BA, Smith K, Cmelak, A, et al. Swallowing function for patients treated on E2399: A phase II trial of function preservation with induction paclitaxel/carboplatin followed by radiation plus weekly placlitaxel. J Clin Oncol 2006; 24. (abstr 5524) Murphy BA, Smith K, Cmelak, A, et al. Swallowing function for patients treated on E2399: A phase II trial of function preservation with induction paclitaxel/carboplatin followed by radiation plus weekly placlitaxel. J Clin Oncol 2006; 24. (abstr 5524)
19.
go back to reference Givens DJ, Karnell LH, Gupta AK, et al. Adverse events associated with concurrent chemoradiation therapy in patients with head and neck cancer. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2009;135:1209–17.PubMedCrossRef Givens DJ, Karnell LH, Gupta AK, et al. Adverse events associated with concurrent chemoradiation therapy in patients with head and neck cancer. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2009;135:1209–17.PubMedCrossRef
20.
go back to reference Goguen LA, Posner MR, Norris CM, et al. Dysphagia after sequential chemoradiation therapy for advanced head and neck cancer. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2006;134:916–22.PubMedCrossRef Goguen LA, Posner MR, Norris CM, et al. Dysphagia after sequential chemoradiation therapy for advanced head and neck cancer. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2006;134:916–22.PubMedCrossRef
21.
go back to reference • Caudell JJ, Schaner PE, Meredith RF, et al. Factors associated with long-term dysphagia after definitive radiotherapy for locally advanced head-and-neck cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2009;73:410–5. Novel composite metric used to estimate prevalence of dysphagia 1 year or more after radiation-based treatment. PubMedCrossRef • Caudell JJ, Schaner PE, Meredith RF, et al. Factors associated with long-term dysphagia after definitive radiotherapy for locally advanced head-and-neck cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2009;73:410–5. Novel composite metric used to estimate prevalence of dysphagia 1 year or more after radiation-based treatment. PubMedCrossRef
22.
go back to reference Worden FP, Kumar B, Lee JS, et al. Chemoselection as a strategy for organ preservation in advanced oropharynx cancer: response and survival positively associated with HPV16 copy number. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26:3138–46.PubMedCrossRef Worden FP, Kumar B, Lee JS, et al. Chemoselection as a strategy for organ preservation in advanced oropharynx cancer: response and survival positively associated with HPV16 copy number. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26:3138–46.PubMedCrossRef
23.
go back to reference Hutcheson KA, Barringer DA, Rosenthal DI, et al. Swallowing outcomes after radiotherapy for laryngeal carcinoma. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2008;134:178–83.PubMedCrossRef Hutcheson KA, Barringer DA, Rosenthal DI, et al. Swallowing outcomes after radiotherapy for laryngeal carcinoma. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2008;134:178–83.PubMedCrossRef
24.
go back to reference Nguyen NP, Moltz CC, Frank C, et al. Dysphagia following chemoradiation for locally advanced head and neck cancer. Ann Oncol. 2004;15:383–8.PubMedCrossRef Nguyen NP, Moltz CC, Frank C, et al. Dysphagia following chemoradiation for locally advanced head and neck cancer. Ann Oncol. 2004;15:383–8.PubMedCrossRef
25.
go back to reference Agarwal J, Palwe V, Dutta D, et al. Objective assessment of swallowing function after definitive concurrent (chemo)radiotherapy in patients with head and neck cancer. Dysphagia. 2011 [Epub ahead of print]. Agarwal J, Palwe V, Dutta D, et al. Objective assessment of swallowing function after definitive concurrent (chemo)radiotherapy in patients with head and neck cancer. Dysphagia. 2011 [Epub ahead of print].
26.
go back to reference Eisbruch A, Lyden T, Bradford CR, et al. Objective assessment of swallowing dysfunction and aspiration after radiation concurrent with chemotherapy for head-and-neck cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2002;53:23–8.PubMedCrossRef Eisbruch A, Lyden T, Bradford CR, et al. Objective assessment of swallowing dysfunction and aspiration after radiation concurrent with chemotherapy for head-and-neck cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2002;53:23–8.PubMedCrossRef
27.
go back to reference Best SR, Ha PK, Blanco RG, et al. Factors associated with pharyngoesophageal stricture in patients treated with concurrent chemotherapy and radiation therapy for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck. 2011 [Epub ahead of print]. Best SR, Ha PK, Blanco RG, et al. Factors associated with pharyngoesophageal stricture in patients treated with concurrent chemotherapy and radiation therapy for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck. 2011 [Epub ahead of print].
28.
go back to reference Lee WT, Akst LM, Adelstein DJ, et al. Risk factors for hypopharyngeal/upper esophageal stricture formation after concurrent chemoradiation. Head Neck. 2006;28:808–12.PubMedCrossRef Lee WT, Akst LM, Adelstein DJ, et al. Risk factors for hypopharyngeal/upper esophageal stricture formation after concurrent chemoradiation. Head Neck. 2006;28:808–12.PubMedCrossRef
29.
go back to reference Caglar HB, Tishler RB, Othus M, et al. Dose to larynx predicts for swallowing complications after intensity-modulated radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2008;72:1110–8.PubMedCrossRef Caglar HB, Tishler RB, Othus M, et al. Dose to larynx predicts for swallowing complications after intensity-modulated radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2008;72:1110–8.PubMedCrossRef
30.
go back to reference Boscolo-Rizzo P, Gava A, Marchiori C, et al. Functional organ preservation in patients with locoregionally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma treated by platinum-based multidrug induction chemotherapy and concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Ann Oncol. 2011;22:1894–901.PubMedCrossRef Boscolo-Rizzo P, Gava A, Marchiori C, et al. Functional organ preservation in patients with locoregionally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma treated by platinum-based multidrug induction chemotherapy and concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Ann Oncol. 2011;22:1894–901.PubMedCrossRef
31.
go back to reference Boscolo-Rizzo P, Muzzi E, Trabalzini F, et al. Functional organ preservation after chemoradiotherapy in elderly patients with loco-regionally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2011;268:1349–55.PubMedCrossRef Boscolo-Rizzo P, Muzzi E, Trabalzini F, et al. Functional organ preservation after chemoradiotherapy in elderly patients with loco-regionally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2011;268:1349–55.PubMedCrossRef
32.
go back to reference •• Ang KK. Larynx preservation clinical trial design: summary of key recommendations of a consensus panel. Oncologist. 2010;15 Suppl 3:25–9. Consensus panel recommended inclusion of functional status in the primary end point of future phase III laryngeal preservation trials. PubMedCrossRef •• Ang KK. Larynx preservation clinical trial design: summary of key recommendations of a consensus panel. Oncologist. 2010;15 Suppl 3:25–9. Consensus panel recommended inclusion of functional status in the primary end point of future phase III laryngeal preservation trials. PubMedCrossRef
33.
go back to reference Martin M, Lefaix J, Delanian S. TGF-beta1 and radiation fibrosis: a master switch and a specific therapeutic target? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2000;47:277–90.PubMedCrossRef Martin M, Lefaix J, Delanian S. TGF-beta1 and radiation fibrosis: a master switch and a specific therapeutic target? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2000;47:277–90.PubMedCrossRef
34.
go back to reference • Martin S, Chung B, Bratlund C, et al. Movement tracjectories during percutaneous stimulation at rest of the hyolaryngeal muscles in head and neck cancer patients treated with radiation therapy [abstract]. Dysphagia. 2010;25:358. Electromyography found at least partial denervation of critical hyolaryngeal musculature in a majority of patients on a trial for chronic dysphagia after radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy for HNC. • Martin S, Chung B, Bratlund C, et al. Movement tracjectories during percutaneous stimulation at rest of the hyolaryngeal muscles in head and neck cancer patients treated with radiation therapy [abstract]. Dysphagia. 2010;25:358. Electromyography found at least partial denervation of critical hyolaryngeal musculature in a majority of patients on a trial for chronic dysphagia after radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy for HNC.
35.
go back to reference Ludlow CL, Krisciunas GP, Holsinger FC, et al. Dysphagia (neuropathy/fibrosis) and radiotherapy/chemoradiotherapy. Presented at the Dysphagia Research Society 19th Annual Meeting Post-Graduate Course. San Antonio, TX 2011. Ludlow CL, Krisciunas GP, Holsinger FC, et al. Dysphagia (neuropathy/fibrosis) and radiotherapy/chemoradiotherapy. Presented at the Dysphagia Research Society 19th Annual Meeting Post-Graduate Course. San Antonio, TX 2011.
36.
go back to reference Staton J, Robbins KT, Newman L, et al. Factors predictive of poor functional outcome after chemoradiation for advanced laryngeal cancer. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2002;127:43–7.PubMedCrossRef Staton J, Robbins KT, Newman L, et al. Factors predictive of poor functional outcome after chemoradiation for advanced laryngeal cancer. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2002;127:43–7.PubMedCrossRef
37.
go back to reference • Solares CA, Wood B, Rodriguez CP, et al. Does vocal cord fixation preclude nonsurgical management of laryngeal cancer? Laryngoscope. 2009;119:1130–4. More than half of patients with baseline laryngeal fixation demonstrated recovery of vocal fold mobility after chemoradiation; persistent post-treatment immobility significantly associated with unfavorable survival and functional outcomes. PubMedCrossRef • Solares CA, Wood B, Rodriguez CP, et al. Does vocal cord fixation preclude nonsurgical management of laryngeal cancer? Laryngoscope. 2009;119:1130–4. More than half of patients with baseline laryngeal fixation demonstrated recovery of vocal fold mobility after chemoradiation; persistent post-treatment immobility significantly associated with unfavorable survival and functional outcomes. PubMedCrossRef
38.
go back to reference Herchenhorn D, Dias FL, Ferreira CG, et al. Impact of previous tracheotomy as a prognostic factor in patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx submitted to concomitant chemotherapy and radiation. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 2008;70:381–8.PubMedCrossRef Herchenhorn D, Dias FL, Ferreira CG, et al. Impact of previous tracheotomy as a prognostic factor in patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx submitted to concomitant chemotherapy and radiation. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 2008;70:381–8.PubMedCrossRef
39.
go back to reference Feng FY, Kim HM, Lyden TH, et al. Intensity-modulated radiotherapy of head and neck cancer aiming to reduce dysphagia: early dose-effect relationships for the swallowing structures. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2007;68:1289–98.PubMedCrossRef Feng FY, Kim HM, Lyden TH, et al. Intensity-modulated radiotherapy of head and neck cancer aiming to reduce dysphagia: early dose-effect relationships for the swallowing structures. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2007;68:1289–98.PubMedCrossRef
40.
go back to reference Schwartz DL, Hutcheson K, Barringer D, et al. Candidate dosimetric predictors of long-term swallowing dysfunction after oropharyngeal intensity-modulated radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2010;78:1356–65.PubMedCrossRef Schwartz DL, Hutcheson K, Barringer D, et al. Candidate dosimetric predictors of long-term swallowing dysfunction after oropharyngeal intensity-modulated radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2010;78:1356–65.PubMedCrossRef
41.
go back to reference Rosenthal DI, Lewin JS, Eisbruch A. Prevention and treatment of dysphagia and aspiration after chemoradiation for head and neck cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24:2636–43.PubMedCrossRef Rosenthal DI, Lewin JS, Eisbruch A. Prevention and treatment of dysphagia and aspiration after chemoradiation for head and neck cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24:2636–43.PubMedCrossRef
42.
go back to reference Gillespie MB, Brodsky MB, Day TA, et al. Swallowing-related quality of life after head and neck cancer treatment. Laryngoscope. 2004;114:1362–7.PubMedCrossRef Gillespie MB, Brodsky MB, Day TA, et al. Swallowing-related quality of life after head and neck cancer treatment. Laryngoscope. 2004;114:1362–7.PubMedCrossRef
43.
go back to reference Kulbersh BD, Rosenthal EL, McGrew BM, et al. Pretreatment, preoperative swallowing exercises may improve dysphagia quality of life. Laryngoscope. 2006;116:883–6.PubMedCrossRef Kulbersh BD, Rosenthal EL, McGrew BM, et al. Pretreatment, preoperative swallowing exercises may improve dysphagia quality of life. Laryngoscope. 2006;116:883–6.PubMedCrossRef
44.
go back to reference Carroll WR, Locher JL, Canon CL, et al. Pretreatment swallowing exercises improve swallow function after chemoradiation. Laryngoscope. 2008;118:39–43.PubMedCrossRef Carroll WR, Locher JL, Canon CL, et al. Pretreatment swallowing exercises improve swallow function after chemoradiation. Laryngoscope. 2008;118:39–43.PubMedCrossRef
45.
go back to reference Carnaby-Mann GCM, Amdur R, Schmalfuss I. Preventative exercise for dysphagia following head/neck cancer [abstract]. Dysphagia. 2007;22(4):381. Carnaby-Mann GCM, Amdur R, Schmalfuss I. Preventative exercise for dysphagia following head/neck cancer [abstract]. Dysphagia. 2007;22(4):381.
46.
go back to reference Bhayani M, Hutcheson KA, Barringer DA, et al. Gastrostomy tube placement in patients with hypopharyngeal cancer treated with chemoradiotherapy: Factors affecting placement and dependence [abstract]. Dysphagia. 2011;26:471. Bhayani M, Hutcheson KA, Barringer DA, et al. Gastrostomy tube placement in patients with hypopharyngeal cancer treated with chemoradiotherapy: Factors affecting placement and dependence [abstract]. Dysphagia. 2011;26:471.
47.
go back to reference Hogikyan ND, Sethuraman G. Validation of an instrument to measure voice-related quality of life (V-RQOL). J Voice. 1999;13:557–69.PubMedCrossRef Hogikyan ND, Sethuraman G. Validation of an instrument to measure voice-related quality of life (V-RQOL). J Voice. 1999;13:557–69.PubMedCrossRef
48.
go back to reference Rosen CA, Lee AS, Osborne J, et al. Development and validation of the voice handicap index-10. Laryngoscope. 2004;114:1549–56.PubMedCrossRef Rosen CA, Lee AS, Osborne J, et al. Development and validation of the voice handicap index-10. Laryngoscope. 2004;114:1549–56.PubMedCrossRef
49.
go back to reference Oridate N, Homma A, Suzuki S, et al. Voice-related quality of life after treatment of laryngeal cancer. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2009;135:363–8.PubMedCrossRef Oridate N, Homma A, Suzuki S, et al. Voice-related quality of life after treatment of laryngeal cancer. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2009;135:363–8.PubMedCrossRef
50.
go back to reference Hirano M. Clinical Examination of the Voice. New York, NY: Springer; 1981. Hirano M. Clinical Examination of the Voice. New York, NY: Springer; 1981.
51.
go back to reference Rutten H, Pop LA, Janssens GO et al. Long-term outcome and morbidity after treatment with accelerated radiotherapy and weekly cisplatin for locally advanced head-and-neck cancer: results of a multidisciplinary late morbidity clinic. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010 [Epub ahead of print]. Rutten H, Pop LA, Janssens GO et al. Long-term outcome and morbidity after treatment with accelerated radiotherapy and weekly cisplatin for locally advanced head-and-neck cancer: results of a multidisciplinary late morbidity clinic. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010 [Epub ahead of print].
Metadata
Title
Functional Outcomes after Chemoradiotherapy of Laryngeal and Pharyngeal Cancers
Publication date
01-04-2012
Published in
Current Oncology Reports / Issue 2/2012
Print ISSN: 1523-3790
Electronic ISSN: 1534-6269
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11912-012-0216-1

Other articles of this Issue 2/2012

Current Oncology Reports 2/2012 Go to the issue

Pediatric Oncology (S Epelman, Section Editor)

End-of-Life Management in Pediatric Cancer

Head and Neck Cancers (EY Hanna, Section Editor)

Current Progress in Adaptive Radiation Therapy for Head and Neck Cancer

Webinar | 19-02-2024 | 17:30 (CET)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on antibody–drug conjugates in cancer

Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are novel agents that have shown promise across multiple tumor types. Explore the current landscape of ADCs in breast and lung cancer with our experts, and gain insights into the mechanism of action, key clinical trials data, existing challenges, and future directions.

Dr. Véronique Diéras
Prof. Fabrice Barlesi
Developed by: Springer Medicine