Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports 12/2014

01-12-2014 | ALLERGENS (RK BUSH AND JA WOODFOLK, SECTION EDITORS)

Modified Allergens and their Potential to Treat Allergic Disease

Authors: Laurian Jongejan, Ronald van Ree

Published in: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports | Issue 12/2014

Login to get access

Abstract

Allergen-specific immunotherapy is the only treatment of allergic diseases that aims at modifying the underlying immune mechanism. Current protocols are long and at risk of anaphylactic reactions. The main aim of current research is decreasing the risk of side effects and increasing efficacy, in particular targeting reduction of treatment duration. Since the advent of molecular biology, extracts can be replaced by recombinant hypo-allergens, peptides, or fusion proteins. In addition, different routes of administration are being pursued as well as the addition of new adjuvants that are targeted at skewing the immune system away from a Th2 to a more Th1 or regulatory T cell phenotype. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in this field focusing on the allergen modifications and new adjuvants.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Larenas-Linnemann D, Pfaar O. Patient-reported outcomes and quality-of-life questionnaires in the assessment of rhinoconjunctivitis in childhood. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;14:192–9.PubMed Larenas-Linnemann D, Pfaar O. Patient-reported outcomes and quality-of-life questionnaires in the assessment of rhinoconjunctivitis in childhood. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;14:192–9.PubMed
2.
go back to reference Zuberbier T, Lotvall J, Simoens S et al.: Economic burden of inadequate management of allergic diseases in the european union: a galen review. Allergy. 2014; in press. Zuberbier T, Lotvall J, Simoens S et al.: Economic burden of inadequate management of allergic diseases in the european union: a galen review. Allergy. 2014; in press.
3.
go back to reference Bjorksten B, Clayton T, Ellwood P, et al. Worldwide time trends for symptoms of rhinitis and conjunctivitis: phase III of the international study of asthma and allergies in childhood. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2008;19:110–24.PubMedCrossRef Bjorksten B, Clayton T, Ellwood P, et al. Worldwide time trends for symptoms of rhinitis and conjunctivitis: phase III of the international study of asthma and allergies in childhood. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2008;19:110–24.PubMedCrossRef
5.
go back to reference Kudzyte J, Griska E, Bojarskas J. Time trends in the prevalence of asthma and allergy among 6-7-year-old children. Results from Isaac phase I and III studies in Kaunas, Lithuania. Med Kaunas Lith. 2008;44:944–52. Kudzyte J, Griska E, Bojarskas J. Time trends in the prevalence of asthma and allergy among 6-7-year-old children. Results from Isaac phase I and III studies in Kaunas, Lithuania. Med Kaunas Lith. 2008;44:944–52.
6.
go back to reference Liao MF, Liao MN, Lin SN, et al. Prevalence of allergic diseases of schoolchildren in central Taiwan. From Isaac surveys 5 years apart. J asthma Off J Assoc Care Asthma. 2009;46:541–5.CrossRef Liao MF, Liao MN, Lin SN, et al. Prevalence of allergic diseases of schoolchildren in central Taiwan. From Isaac surveys 5 years apart. J asthma Off J Assoc Care Asthma. 2009;46:541–5.CrossRef
7.
go back to reference Nwaru BI, Hickstein L, Panesar SS, et al. The epidemiology of food allergy in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Allergy. 2014;69:62–75.PubMedCrossRef Nwaru BI, Hickstein L, Panesar SS, et al. The epidemiology of food allergy in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Allergy. 2014;69:62–75.PubMedCrossRef
8.
go back to reference Rona RJ, Keil T, Summers C, et al. The prevalence of food allergy: a meta-analysis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007;120:638–46.PubMedCrossRef Rona RJ, Keil T, Summers C, et al. The prevalence of food allergy: a meta-analysis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007;120:638–46.PubMedCrossRef
9.
go back to reference Zuidmeer L, Goldhahn K, Rona RJ, et al. The prevalence of plant food allergies: a systematic review. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008;121:1210–8.PubMedCrossRef Zuidmeer L, Goldhahn K, Rona RJ, et al. The prevalence of plant food allergies: a systematic review. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008;121:1210–8.PubMedCrossRef
10.
go back to reference Sicherer SH, Munoz-Furlong A, Godbold JH, et al. Us prevalence of self-reported peanut, tree nut, and sesame allergy: 11-year follow-up. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010;125:122–6. Sicherer SH, Munoz-Furlong A, Godbold JH, et al. Us prevalence of self-reported peanut, tree nut, and sesame allergy: 11-year follow-up. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010;125:122–6.
11.
go back to reference Haselden BM, Kay AB, Larche M. Immunoglobulin E-independent major histocompatibility complex-restricted T cell peptide epitope-induced late asthmatic reactions. J Exp Med. 1999;189:1885–94.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Haselden BM, Kay AB, Larche M. Immunoglobulin E-independent major histocompatibility complex-restricted T cell peptide epitope-induced late asthmatic reactions. J Exp Med. 1999;189:1885–94.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
12.
go back to reference Durham SR, Walker SM, Varga EM, et al. Long-term clinical efficacy of grass-pollen immunotherapy. N Engl J Med. 1999;341:468–75.PubMedCrossRef Durham SR, Walker SM, Varga EM, et al. Long-term clinical efficacy of grass-pollen immunotherapy. N Engl J Med. 1999;341:468–75.PubMedCrossRef
13.•
go back to reference Akdis M, Akdis CA. Mechanisms of allergen-specific immunotherapy: multiple suppressor factors at work in immune tolerance to allergens. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;133:621–31. Review on the mechanisms of allergy immunotherapy.PubMedCrossRef Akdis M, Akdis CA. Mechanisms of allergen-specific immunotherapy: multiple suppressor factors at work in immune tolerance to allergens. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;133:621–31. Review on the mechanisms of allergy immunotherapy.PubMedCrossRef
14.••
go back to reference van de Veen W, Stanic B, Yaman G, et al. IgG4 production is confined to human IL-10-producing regulatory B cells that suppress antigen-specific immune responses. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013;131:1204–12. This paper shows the interesting finding that not only T-regulatory cells play a role in succes of SIT, but human IL-10–secreting BR1 cells potently suppress antigen-specific T-cell responses.PubMedCrossRef van de Veen W, Stanic B, Yaman G, et al. IgG4 production is confined to human IL-10-producing regulatory B cells that suppress antigen-specific immune responses. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013;131:1204–12. This paper shows the interesting finding that not only T-regulatory cells play a role in succes of SIT, but human IL-10–secreting BR1 cells potently suppress antigen-specific T-cell responses.PubMedCrossRef
15.
go back to reference Burks AW, Calderon MA, Casale T, et al. Update on allergy immunotherapy: American academy of allergy, asthma and immunology/European academy of allergy and clinical immunology/practall consensus report. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013;131:1288–96.PubMedCrossRef Burks AW, Calderon MA, Casale T, et al. Update on allergy immunotherapy: American academy of allergy, asthma and immunology/European academy of allergy and clinical immunology/practall consensus report. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013;131:1288–96.PubMedCrossRef
16.
go back to reference Mackenzie KJ, Fitch PM, Leech MD, et al. Combination peptide immunotherapy based on t-cell epitope mapping reduces allergen-specific IgE and eosinophilia in allergic airway inflammation. Immunology. 2013;138:258–68.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Mackenzie KJ, Fitch PM, Leech MD, et al. Combination peptide immunotherapy based on t-cell epitope mapping reduces allergen-specific IgE and eosinophilia in allergic airway inflammation. Immunology. 2013;138:258–68.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
17.
go back to reference Noon L. Prophylactic inoculation against hay fever. Lancet. 1911;177:1572–3.CrossRef Noon L. Prophylactic inoculation against hay fever. Lancet. 1911;177:1572–3.CrossRef
18.••
go back to reference Marth K, Focke-Tejkl M, Lupinek C, et al. Allergen peptides, recombinant allergens and hypoallergens for allergen-specific immunotherapy. Curr Treat Options Allergy. 2014;1:91–106. This study thoroughly reviews the newest developments in the area of (modified) recombinant allergens. PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Marth K, Focke-Tejkl M, Lupinek C, et al. Allergen peptides, recombinant allergens and hypoallergens for allergen-specific immunotherapy. Curr Treat Options Allergy. 2014;1:91–106. This study thoroughly reviews the newest developments in the area of (modified) recombinant allergens. PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
19.
go back to reference Ring J, Gutermuth J. 100 years of hyposensitization: history of allergen-specific immunotherapy (asit). Allergy. 2011;66:713–24.PubMedCrossRef Ring J, Gutermuth J. 100 years of hyposensitization: history of allergen-specific immunotherapy (asit). Allergy. 2011;66:713–24.PubMedCrossRef
20.
go back to reference Kiel MA, Roder E, van Wijk GR, et al. Real-life compliance and persistence among users of subcutaneous and sublingual allergen immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013;132:353–60. e352.PubMedCrossRef Kiel MA, Roder E, van Wijk GR, et al. Real-life compliance and persistence among users of subcutaneous and sublingual allergen immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013;132:353–60. e352.PubMedCrossRef
21.
go back to reference Passalacqua G, Canonica GW. Local nasal specific immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol Off J Can Soc Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006;2:117–23.CrossRef Passalacqua G, Canonica GW. Local nasal specific immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol Off J Can Soc Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006;2:117–23.CrossRef
22.
go back to reference Passalacqua G, Albano M, Pronzato C, et al. Long-term follow-up of nasal immunotherapy to parietaria: clinical and local immunological effects. Clin Exp Allergy. 1997;27:904–8.PubMedCrossRef Passalacqua G, Albano M, Pronzato C, et al. Long-term follow-up of nasal immunotherapy to parietaria: clinical and local immunological effects. Clin Exp Allergy. 1997;27:904–8.PubMedCrossRef
23.
go back to reference Andri L, Falagiani P. Symptomatic relief after grass nasal immunotherapy: lasting efficacy after 4–5 years. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2003;13:228–31.PubMed Andri L, Falagiani P. Symptomatic relief after grass nasal immunotherapy: lasting efficacy after 4–5 years. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2003;13:228–31.PubMed
24.
go back to reference Senti G, Crameri R, Kuster D, et al. Intralymphatic immunotherapy for cat allergy induces tolerance after only 3 injections. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012;129:1290–6.PubMedCrossRef Senti G, Crameri R, Kuster D, et al. Intralymphatic immunotherapy for cat allergy induces tolerance after only 3 injections. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012;129:1290–6.PubMedCrossRef
25.
go back to reference Senti G, Prinz Vavricka BM, Erdmann I, et al. Intralymphatic allergen administration renders specific immunotherapy faster and safer: a randomized controlled trial. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008;105:17908–12.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Senti G, Prinz Vavricka BM, Erdmann I, et al. Intralymphatic allergen administration renders specific immunotherapy faster and safer: a randomized controlled trial. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008;105:17908–12.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
26.
go back to reference Johansen P, von Moos S, Mohanan D, et al. New routes for allergen immunotherapy. Hum Vaccines Immunother. 2012;8:1525–33.CrossRef Johansen P, von Moos S, Mohanan D, et al. New routes for allergen immunotherapy. Hum Vaccines Immunother. 2012;8:1525–33.CrossRef
27.••
go back to reference Witten M, Malling HJ, Blom L, et al. Is intralymphatic immunotherapy ready for clinical use in patients with grass pollen allergy? J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013;132:1248–52. Challenges the promising results described with ILIT so far, in their study with grasspollen ILIT showing no improvement. PubMedCrossRef Witten M, Malling HJ, Blom L, et al. Is intralymphatic immunotherapy ready for clinical use in patients with grass pollen allergy? J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013;132:1248–52. Challenges the promising results described with ILIT so far, in their study with grasspollen ILIT showing no improvement. PubMedCrossRef
28.
go back to reference Kundig TM, Johansen P, Bachmann MF, et al. Intralymphatic immunotherapy: time interval between injections is essential. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;133:930–1.PubMedCrossRef Kundig TM, Johansen P, Bachmann MF, et al. Intralymphatic immunotherapy: time interval between injections is essential. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;133:930–1.PubMedCrossRef
29.
go back to reference Malling HJ, Witten M, Poulsen LK. Reply: to pmid 24035151. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;133:931–2.PubMedCrossRef Malling HJ, Witten M, Poulsen LK. Reply: to pmid 24035151. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;133:931–2.PubMedCrossRef
31.
go back to reference Rotiroti G, Shamji M, Durham SR, et al. Repeated low-dose intradermal allergen injection suppresses allergen-induced cutaneous late responses. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012;130:918–24. e911.PubMedCrossRef Rotiroti G, Shamji M, Durham SR, et al. Repeated low-dose intradermal allergen injection suppresses allergen-induced cutaneous late responses. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012;130:918–24. e911.PubMedCrossRef
32.
go back to reference Senti G, Graf N, Haug S, et al. Epicutaneous allergen administration as a novel method of allergen-specific immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009;124:997–1002.PubMedCrossRef Senti G, Graf N, Haug S, et al. Epicutaneous allergen administration as a novel method of allergen-specific immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009;124:997–1002.PubMedCrossRef
33.
go back to reference Senti G, Johansen P, Martinez GJ, et al. Efficacy and safety of allergen-specific immunotherapy in rhinitis, rhinoconjunctivitis, and bee/wasp venom allergies. Int Rev Immunol. 2005;24:519–31.PubMedCrossRef Senti G, Johansen P, Martinez GJ, et al. Efficacy and safety of allergen-specific immunotherapy in rhinitis, rhinoconjunctivitis, and bee/wasp venom allergies. Int Rev Immunol. 2005;24:519–31.PubMedCrossRef
34.
go back to reference Nelson HS, Lahr J, Rule R, et al. Treatment of anaphylactic sensitivity to peanuts by immunotherapy with injections of aqueous peanut extract. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1997;99:744–51.PubMedCrossRef Nelson HS, Lahr J, Rule R, et al. Treatment of anaphylactic sensitivity to peanuts by immunotherapy with injections of aqueous peanut extract. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1997;99:744–51.PubMedCrossRef
35.
go back to reference Oppenheimer JJ, Nelson HS, Bock SA, et al. Treatment of peanut allergy with rush immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1992;90:256–62.PubMedCrossRef Oppenheimer JJ, Nelson HS, Bock SA, et al. Treatment of peanut allergy with rush immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1992;90:256–62.PubMedCrossRef
36.••
go back to reference Jones SM, Burks AW, Dupont C. State of the art on food allergen immunotherapy: oral, sublingual, and epicutaneous. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;133:318–23. This study gives an excellent overview of current treatment options in food allergy. PubMedCrossRef Jones SM, Burks AW, Dupont C. State of the art on food allergen immunotherapy: oral, sublingual, and epicutaneous. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;133:318–23. This study gives an excellent overview of current treatment options in food allergy. PubMedCrossRef
38.•
go back to reference Fleischer DM, Burks AW, Vickery BP, et al. Sublingual immunotherapy for peanut allergy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013;131:119–27. This paper describes a first step towards a treatment of peanut allergy.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Fleischer DM, Burks AW, Vickery BP, et al. Sublingual immunotherapy for peanut allergy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013;131:119–27. This paper describes a first step towards a treatment of peanut allergy.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
39.
go back to reference Dupont C, Kalach N, Soulaines P, et al. Cow's milk epicutaneous immunotherapy in children: a pilot trial of safety, acceptability, and impact on allergic reactivity. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010;125:1165–7.PubMedCrossRef Dupont C, Kalach N, Soulaines P, et al. Cow's milk epicutaneous immunotherapy in children: a pilot trial of safety, acceptability, and impact on allergic reactivity. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010;125:1165–7.PubMedCrossRef
40.
go back to reference Agbotounou W, Martin L, Dupont B, et al. Epicutaneous immunotherapy (epit) is safe for the treatment of peanut allergy in allergic patients. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013;131:AB91.CrossRef Agbotounou W, Martin L, Dupont B, et al. Epicutaneous immunotherapy (epit) is safe for the treatment of peanut allergy in allergic patients. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013;131:AB91.CrossRef
41.•
go back to reference Dupont C, Bourrier T, de Blay F, et al. Peanut epicutaneous immunotherapy (epit) in peanut-allergic children: 18 months treatment in the arachild study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;133:AB102. First tentative positive response with peanut EPIT described. CrossRef Dupont C, Bourrier T, de Blay F, et al. Peanut epicutaneous immunotherapy (epit) in peanut-allergic children: 18 months treatment in the arachild study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;133:AB102. First tentative positive response with peanut EPIT described. CrossRef
42.
go back to reference Wood RA, Sicherer SH, Burks AW, et al. A phase 1 study of heat/phenol-killed, E. coli-encapsulated, recombinant modified peanut proteins ara h 1, ara h 2, and ara h 3 (emp-123) for the treatment of peanut allergy. Allergy. 2013;68:803–8.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Wood RA, Sicherer SH, Burks AW, et al. A phase 1 study of heat/phenol-killed, E. coli-encapsulated, recombinant modified peanut proteins ara h 1, ara h 2, and ara h 3 (emp-123) for the treatment of peanut allergy. Allergy. 2013;68:803–8.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
43.
go back to reference Valenta R. The future of antigen-specific immunotherapy of allergy. Nat Rev Immunol. 2002;2:446–53.PubMed Valenta R. The future of antigen-specific immunotherapy of allergy. Nat Rev Immunol. 2002;2:446–53.PubMed
44.
go back to reference Focke-Tejkl M, Valenta R. Safety of engineered allergen-specific immunotherapy vaccines. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012;12:555–63.PubMedCrossRef Focke-Tejkl M, Valenta R. Safety of engineered allergen-specific immunotherapy vaccines. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012;12:555–63.PubMedCrossRef
45.
go back to reference Swoboda I, Bugajska-Schretter A, Linhart B, et al. A recombinant hypoallergenic parvalbumin mutant for immunotherapy of IgE-mediated fish allergy. J Immunol. 2007;178:6290–6.PubMedCrossRef Swoboda I, Bugajska-Schretter A, Linhart B, et al. A recombinant hypoallergenic parvalbumin mutant for immunotherapy of IgE-mediated fish allergy. J Immunol. 2007;178:6290–6.PubMedCrossRef
46.
go back to reference Zuidmeer-Jongejan L, Fernandez-Rivas M, Poulsen LK, et al. Fast: towards safe and effective subcutaneous immunotherapy of persistent life-threatening food allergies. Clin Transl Allergy. 2012;2:5.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Zuidmeer-Jongejan L, Fernandez-Rivas M, Poulsen LK, et al. Fast: towards safe and effective subcutaneous immunotherapy of persistent life-threatening food allergies. Clin Transl Allergy. 2012;2:5.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
47.
go back to reference Niemi M, Janis J, Jylha S, et al. Characterization and crystallization of a recombinant IgE fab fragment in complex with the bovine beta-lactoglobulin allergen. Acta Crystallogr Sect F: Struct Biol Cryst Commun. 2008;64:25–8.CrossRef Niemi M, Janis J, Jylha S, et al. Characterization and crystallization of a recombinant IgE fab fragment in complex with the bovine beta-lactoglobulin allergen. Acta Crystallogr Sect F: Struct Biol Cryst Commun. 2008;64:25–8.CrossRef
48.
go back to reference Haselden BM, Larche M, Meng Q, et al. Late asthmatic reactions provoked by intradermal injection of t-cell peptide epitopes are not associated with bronchial mucosal infiltration of eosinophils or t(h)2-type cells or with elevated concentrations of histamine or eicosanoids in bronchoalveolar fluid. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001;108:394–401.PubMedCrossRef Haselden BM, Larche M, Meng Q, et al. Late asthmatic reactions provoked by intradermal injection of t-cell peptide epitopes are not associated with bronchial mucosal infiltration of eosinophils or t(h)2-type cells or with elevated concentrations of histamine or eicosanoids in bronchoalveolar fluid. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001;108:394–401.PubMedCrossRef
49.•
go back to reference Patel D, Couroux P, Hickey P, et al. Fel d 1-derived peptide antigen desensitization shows a persistent treatment effect 1 year after the start of dosing: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013;131:103–9. DBPC trial in over 200 patients showing that a short-course (4 administrations) immunotherapy with T-cell epitopes significantly improves clinical symptoms of cat allergen–induced rhinoconjunctivitis 1 year after the start of treatment.PubMedCrossRef Patel D, Couroux P, Hickey P, et al. Fel d 1-derived peptide antigen desensitization shows a persistent treatment effect 1 year after the start of dosing: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013;131:103–9. DBPC trial in over 200 patients showing that a short-course (4 administrations) immunotherapy with T-cell epitopes significantly improves clinical symptoms of cat allergen–induced rhinoconjunctivitis 1 year after the start of treatment.PubMedCrossRef
50.
go back to reference Worm M, Patel D, Creticos PS. Cat peptide antigen desensitisation for treating cat allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. Exp Opin Investig Drugs. 2013;22:1347–57.CrossRef Worm M, Patel D, Creticos PS. Cat peptide antigen desensitisation for treating cat allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. Exp Opin Investig Drugs. 2013;22:1347–57.CrossRef
51.
go back to reference Niespodziana K, Focke-Tejkl M, Linhart B, et al. A hypoallergenic cat vaccine based on fel d 1-derived peptides fused to hepatitis b preS. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011;127:1562–70.PubMedCrossRef Niespodziana K, Focke-Tejkl M, Linhart B, et al. A hypoallergenic cat vaccine based on fel d 1-derived peptides fused to hepatitis b preS. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011;127:1562–70.PubMedCrossRef
52.
go back to reference Fellrath JM, Kettner A, Dufour N, et al. Allergen-specific T-cell tolerance induction with allergen-derived long synthetic peptides: results of a phase I trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2003;111:854–61.PubMedCrossRef Fellrath JM, Kettner A, Dufour N, et al. Allergen-specific T-cell tolerance induction with allergen-derived long synthetic peptides: results of a phase I trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2003;111:854–61.PubMedCrossRef
53.
go back to reference Pellaton C, Perrin Y, Boudousquie C, et al. Novel birch pollen specific immunotherapy formulation based on contiguous overlapping peptides. Clin Trans Allergy. 2013;3:17.CrossRef Pellaton C, Perrin Y, Boudousquie C, et al. Novel birch pollen specific immunotherapy formulation based on contiguous overlapping peptides. Clin Trans Allergy. 2013;3:17.CrossRef
54.
go back to reference Pfaar O, Cazan D, Klimek L, et al. Adjuvants for immunotherapy. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012;12:648–57.PubMedCrossRef Pfaar O, Cazan D, Klimek L, et al. Adjuvants for immunotherapy. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012;12:648–57.PubMedCrossRef
55.
go back to reference De Gregorio E, Tritto E, Rappuoli R. Alum adjuvanticity: unraveling a century old mystery. Eur J Immunol. 2008;38:2068–71.PubMedCrossRef De Gregorio E, Tritto E, Rappuoli R. Alum adjuvanticity: unraveling a century old mystery. Eur J Immunol. 2008;38:2068–71.PubMedCrossRef
56.
go back to reference Cox L, Jacobsen L. Comparison of allergen immunotherapy practice patterns in the United States and Europe. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol Off Publ Am Coll Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2009;103:451–9.CrossRef Cox L, Jacobsen L. Comparison of allergen immunotherapy practice patterns in the United States and Europe. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol Off Publ Am Coll Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2009;103:451–9.CrossRef
57.
go back to reference Kramer MF, Heath MD. Aluminium in allergen-specific subcutaneous immunotherapy—a German perspective. Vaccine. 2014;32:4140–8.PubMedCrossRef Kramer MF, Heath MD. Aluminium in allergen-specific subcutaneous immunotherapy—a German perspective. Vaccine. 2014;32:4140–8.PubMedCrossRef
58.•
go back to reference De Souza RJ, Esparza I, Ferrer M, et al. Nanoparticulate adjuvants and delivery systems for allergen immunotherapy. J Biomed Biotechnol. 2012;2012:474605. Nice review on various delivery systems for immunotherapy. De Souza RJ, Esparza I, Ferrer M, et al. Nanoparticulate adjuvants and delivery systems for allergen immunotherapy. J Biomed Biotechnol. 2012;2012:474605. Nice review on various delivery systems for immunotherapy.
59.
go back to reference Gupta PN, Mishra V, Rawat A, et al. Non-invasive vaccine delivery in transfersomes, niosomes and liposomes: a comparative study. Int J Pharm. 2005;293:73–82.PubMedCrossRef Gupta PN, Mishra V, Rawat A, et al. Non-invasive vaccine delivery in transfersomes, niosomes and liposomes: a comparative study. Int J Pharm. 2005;293:73–82.PubMedCrossRef
60.
go back to reference Matsuo K, Hirobe S, Okada N, et al. Frontiers of transcutaneous vaccination systems: novel technologies and devices for vaccine delivery. Vaccine. 2013;31:2403–15.PubMedCrossRef Matsuo K, Hirobe S, Okada N, et al. Frontiers of transcutaneous vaccination systems: novel technologies and devices for vaccine delivery. Vaccine. 2013;31:2403–15.PubMedCrossRef
61.•
go back to reference Kawakita A, Shirasaki H, Yasutomi M, et al. Immunotherapy with oligomannose-coated liposomes ameliorates allergic symptoms in a murine food allergy model. Allergy. 2012;67:371–9. Promising in vitro data with coated liposomes to treat food allergy.PubMedCrossRef Kawakita A, Shirasaki H, Yasutomi M, et al. Immunotherapy with oligomannose-coated liposomes ameliorates allergic symptoms in a murine food allergy model. Allergy. 2012;67:371–9. Promising in vitro data with coated liposomes to treat food allergy.PubMedCrossRef
62.
go back to reference Busse W, Gross G, Korenblat P, et al. Phase 2/3 study of the novel vaccine amb a 1 immunostimulatory oligodeoxyribonucleotide conjugate AIC in ragweed-allergic adults. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006;117(2):S88–S89. Busse W, Gross G, Korenblat P, et al. Phase 2/3 study of the novel vaccine amb a 1 immunostimulatory oligodeoxyribonucleotide conjugate AIC in ragweed-allergic adults. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006;117(2):S88–S89.
63.
go back to reference Senti G, Johansen P, Haug S, et al. Use of a-type cpg oligodeoxynucleotides as an adjuvant in allergen-specific immunotherapy in humans: a phase I/IIa clinical trial. Clin Exp Allergy. 2009;39:562–70.PubMedCrossRef Senti G, Johansen P, Haug S, et al. Use of a-type cpg oligodeoxynucleotides as an adjuvant in allergen-specific immunotherapy in humans: a phase I/IIa clinical trial. Clin Exp Allergy. 2009;39:562–70.PubMedCrossRef
64.
go back to reference DuBuske LM, Frew AJ, Horak F, et al. Ultrashort-specific immunotherapy successfully treats seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis to grass pollen. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2011;32:239–47.PubMedCrossRef DuBuske LM, Frew AJ, Horak F, et al. Ultrashort-specific immunotherapy successfully treats seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis to grass pollen. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2011;32:239–47.PubMedCrossRef
65.
go back to reference Beeh KM, Kanniess F, Wagner F, et al. The novel tlr-9 agonist qbg10 shows clinical efficacy in persistent allergic asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013;131:866–74.PubMedCrossRef Beeh KM, Kanniess F, Wagner F, et al. The novel tlr-9 agonist qbg10 shows clinical efficacy in persistent allergic asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013;131:866–74.PubMedCrossRef
66.
go back to reference Roy K, Mao HQ, Huang SK, et al. Oral gene delivery with chitosan–DNA nanoparticles generates immunologic protection in a murine model of peanut allergy. Nat Med. 1999;5:387–91.PubMedCrossRef Roy K, Mao HQ, Huang SK, et al. Oral gene delivery with chitosan–DNA nanoparticles generates immunologic protection in a murine model of peanut allergy. Nat Med. 1999;5:387–91.PubMedCrossRef
67.
go back to reference Tourdot S, Airouche S, Berjont N, et al. Efficacy of sublingual vectorized recombinant bet v 1a in a mouse model of birch pollen allergic asthma. Vaccine. 2013;31:2628–37.PubMedCrossRef Tourdot S, Airouche S, Berjont N, et al. Efficacy of sublingual vectorized recombinant bet v 1a in a mouse model of birch pollen allergic asthma. Vaccine. 2013;31:2628–37.PubMedCrossRef
68.
69.
go back to reference Reinholz M, Ruzicka T, Schauber J. Vitamin d and its role in allergic disease. Clin Exp Allergy. 2012;42:817–26.PubMed Reinholz M, Ruzicka T, Schauber J. Vitamin d and its role in allergic disease. Clin Exp Allergy. 2012;42:817–26.PubMed
70.
go back to reference Taher YA, van Esch BC, Hofman GA, et al. 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 potentiates the beneficial effects of allergen immunotherapy in a mouse model of allergic asthma: role for il-10 and tgf-beta. J Immunol. 2008;180:5211–21.PubMedCrossRef Taher YA, van Esch BC, Hofman GA, et al. 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 potentiates the beneficial effects of allergen immunotherapy in a mouse model of allergic asthma: role for il-10 and tgf-beta. J Immunol. 2008;180:5211–21.PubMedCrossRef
71.•
go back to reference Heine G, Tabeling C, Hartmann B, et al. 25-hydroxvitamin d3 promotes the long-term effect of specific immunotherapy in a murine allergy model. J Immunol. 2014;193:1017–23. This paper (together with refs 74 and 75) show vitamin D may be an interesting candidate to include in new allergy vaccines.PubMedCrossRef Heine G, Tabeling C, Hartmann B, et al. 25-hydroxvitamin d3 promotes the long-term effect of specific immunotherapy in a murine allergy model. J Immunol. 2014;193:1017–23. This paper (together with refs 74 and 75) show vitamin D may be an interesting candidate to include in new allergy vaccines.PubMedCrossRef
72.
go back to reference Baris S, Kiykim A, Ozen A, et al. Vitamin d as an adjunct to subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy in asthmatic children sensitized to house dust mite. Allergy. 2014;69:246–53.PubMedCrossRef Baris S, Kiykim A, Ozen A, et al. Vitamin d as an adjunct to subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy in asthmatic children sensitized to house dust mite. Allergy. 2014;69:246–53.PubMedCrossRef
73.
go back to reference van der Aar AM, Sibiryak DS, Bakdash G, et al. Vitamin d3 targets epidermal and dermal dendritic cells for induction of distinct regulatory t cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011;127:1532–40. e1537.PubMedCrossRef van der Aar AM, Sibiryak DS, Bakdash G, et al. Vitamin d3 targets epidermal and dermal dendritic cells for induction of distinct regulatory t cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011;127:1532–40. e1537.PubMedCrossRef
74.•
go back to reference Bakdash G, Schneider LP, van Capel TM, et al. Intradermal application of vitamin d3 increases migration of cd14+ dermal dendritic cells and promotes the development of foxp3+ regulatory t cells. Hum Vaccines Immunother. 2013;9:250–8. This study indicated vitamin D3 promotes DC migration and stimulate the development of regulatory T-cells. CrossRef Bakdash G, Schneider LP, van Capel TM, et al. Intradermal application of vitamin d3 increases migration of cd14+ dermal dendritic cells and promotes the development of foxp3+ regulatory t cells. Hum Vaccines Immunother. 2013;9:250–8. This study indicated vitamin D3 promotes DC migration and stimulate the development of regulatory T-cells. CrossRef
75.•
go back to reference Grundstrom J, Neimert-Andersson T, Kemi C, et al. Covalent coupling of vitamin d3 to the major cat allergen fel d 1 improves the effects of allergen-specific immunotherapy in a mouse model for cat allergy. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2012;157:136–46. Together with refs 71 and 74 this study indicates vitamin D3 might be considered a promising adjuavant. PubMedCrossRef Grundstrom J, Neimert-Andersson T, Kemi C, et al. Covalent coupling of vitamin d3 to the major cat allergen fel d 1 improves the effects of allergen-specific immunotherapy in a mouse model for cat allergy. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2012;157:136–46. Together with refs 71 and 74 this study indicates vitamin D3 might be considered a promising adjuavant. PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Modified Allergens and their Potential to Treat Allergic Disease
Authors
Laurian Jongejan
Ronald van Ree
Publication date
01-12-2014
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Current Allergy and Asthma Reports / Issue 12/2014
Print ISSN: 1529-7322
Electronic ISSN: 1534-6315
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11882-014-0478-9

Other articles of this Issue 12/2014

Current Allergy and Asthma Reports 12/2014 Go to the issue

IMMUNOTHERAPY AND IMMUNOMODULATORS (L COX, SECTION EDITOR)

Immunotherapy for House Dust Mite Sensitivity: Where Are the Knowledge Gaps?

Immune Deficiency and Dysregulation (DP Huston, Section Editor)

Common Dermatologic Manifestations of Primary Immune Deficiencies

RHINOSINUSITIS (J MULLOL, SECTION EDITOR)

The Nasal and Sinus Microbiome in Health and Disease

ASTHMA (WJ CALHOUN AND SP PETERS, SECTION EDITORS)

Anticholinergics/Antimuscarinic Drugs in Asthma

Immune Deficiency and Dysregulation (DP Huston, Section Editor)

The Expanding Spectrum of Human coronin 1A deficiency