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Obesity Surgery
Published in: Obesity Surgery 5/2021

01-05-2021 | Obesity | Original Contributions

Effect of Fasting-Mimicking Diet or Continuous Energy Restriction on Weight Loss, Body Composition, and Appetite-Regulating Hormones Among Metabolically Healthy Women with Obesity: a Randomized Controlled, Parallel Trial

Authors: Mehdi Sadeghian, Seyed Ahmad Hosseini, Ahmad Zare Javid, Kambiz Ahmadi Angali, Ahmad Mashkournia

Published in: Obesity Surgery | Issue 5/2021

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Abstract

Background

Fasting-mimicking diet (FMD) has been recently promoted to achieve similar metabolic changes of fasting. The purpose of our study was to compare the effect of FMD versus continuous energy restriction (CER) on anthropometric measurements, body composition, glucose metabolism, and serum levels of leptin, neuropeptide Y (NPY), and total ghrelin.

Methods

A randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted on 60 women with obesity aged 18–55 years. Subjects received either a 5-day FMD (low in energy, sugars, and proteins, but high in unsaturated fats) or a CER (an average daily energy deficit of 500 kcal) for 2 months. Anthropometric and biochemical factors were measured at baseline and the end of the study. Serum levels of leptin, total ghrelin, and NPY were tested with an ELISA kit. Physical activity and dietary intakes were also recorded.

Results

There was no significant difference in weight loss between the two groups: mean weight change for CER was − 2.29 (standard deviation [SD], 1.95) kg compared to − 1.13 (2.27) kg for FMD (p = 0.06). There was more reduction in the basal metabolic rate (BMR) in the CER group (p = 0.045). Favorable effects on fat mass and muscle mass were only seen in the FMD group. Although insulin resistance was reduced in the FMD group compared to the CER group, results were not significant after adjustment. After controlling for potential confounders, there was a significant increase in serum levels of total ghrelin (p = 0.048) and NPY (p = 0.041) following CER; however, results for circulating leptin were not statistically significant (p = 0.48).

Conclusions

There was no significant difference in weight loss following FMD and CER. However, FMD was more effective at reducing insulin resistance and regulating appetite-regulating hormones as well as preserving muscle mass and BMR.

Trial Registration

This trial was registered at the Iranian Clinical Trial Registry (https://​www.​irct.​ir/​trial/​40881) with the IRCT identification number IRCT20190717044244N1.
Appendix
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Metadata
Title
Effect of Fasting-Mimicking Diet or Continuous Energy Restriction on Weight Loss, Body Composition, and Appetite-Regulating Hormones Among Metabolically Healthy Women with Obesity: a Randomized Controlled, Parallel Trial
Authors
Mehdi Sadeghian
Seyed Ahmad Hosseini
Ahmad Zare Javid
Kambiz Ahmadi Angali
Ahmad Mashkournia
Publication date
01-05-2021
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Obesity Surgery / Issue 5/2021
Print ISSN: 0960-8923
Electronic ISSN: 1708-0428
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-020-05202-y

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