Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress 2023 EHA Congress 2023 ASCO Annual Meeting
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

A round-up of the ONWARDS phase 3 clinical trials evaluating the novel weekly insulin icodec in people with diabetes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Obesity Surgery
Published in: Obesity Surgery 4/2021

01-04-2021 | Bariatric Surgery | Review

Weight Regain and Insufficient Weight Loss After Bariatric Surgery: Definitions, Prevalence, Mechanisms, Predictors, Prevention and Management Strategies, and Knowledge Gaps—a Scoping Review

Authors: Walid El Ansari, Wahiba Elhag

Published in: Obesity Surgery | Issue 4/2021

Login to get access

Abstract

Some patients experience weight regain (WR) or insufficient weight loss (IWL) after bariatric surgery (BS). We undertook a scoping review of WR and IWL after BS. We searched electronic databases for studies addressing the definitions, prevalence, mechanisms, clinical significance, preoperative predictors, and preventive and treatment approaches including behavioral, pharmacological, and surgical management strategies of WR and IWL. Many definitions exist for WR, less so for IWL, resulting in inconsistencies in the reported prevalence of these two conditions. Mechanisms and preoperative predictors contributing to WR are complex and multifactorial. A range of the current knowledge gaps are identified and questions that need to be addressed are outlined. Therefore, there is an urgent need to address these knowledge gaps for a better evidence base that would guide patient counseling, selection, and lead to improved outcomes.
Literature
1.
Heinberg LJ, Bond DS, Carroll I, et al. Identifying mechanisms that predict weight trajectory after bariatric surgery: rationale and design of the biobehavioral trial. Surg Obes Relat Dis Off J Am Soc Bariatr Surg. 2020;16:1816–26.
2.
Aliakbarian H, Bhutta HY, Heshmati K, et al. Pre-operative predictors of weight loss and weight regain following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery: a prospective human study. Obes Surg. 2020;30:4852–9.
3.
Karmali S, Brar B, Shi X, et al. Weight recidivism post-bariatric surgery: a systematic review. Obes Surg. 2013;23:1922–33.
4.
Baig SJ, Priya P, Mahawar KK, et al. Weight regain after bariatric surgery-a multicentre study of 9617 patients from Indian bariatric surgery outcome reporting group. Obes Surg. 2019;29:1583–92.
5.
Adams TD, Davidson LE, Litwin SE, et al. Weight and metabolic outcomes 12 years after gastric bypass. N Engl J Med. 2017;377:1143–55.
6.
Andalib A, Alamri H, Almuhanna Y, et al. Short-term outcomes of revisional surgery after sleeve gastrectomy: a comparative analysis of re-sleeve, Roux en-Y gastric bypass, duodenal switch (Roux en-Y and single-anastomosis). Surg Endosc. 2020;
7.
Debédat J, Sokolovska N, Coupaye M, et al. Long-term relapse of type 2 diabetes after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: prediction and clinical relevance. Diabetes Care. 2018;41:2086–95.
8.
King WC, Hinerman AS, Belle SH, et al. Comparison of the performance of common measures of weight regain after bariatric surgery for association with clinical outcomes. JAMA. 2018;320:1560–9.
9.
Roth AE, Thornley CJ, Blackstone RP. Outcomes in bariatric and metabolic surgery: an updated 5-year review. Curr Obes Rep. 2020;9:380–9.CrossRef
10.
Yeung L, Durkan B, Barrett A, et al. Single-stage revision from gastric band to gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy: 6- and 12-month outcomes. Surg Endosc. 2016;30:2244–50.
11.
Radtka JF, Puleo FJ, Wang L, et al. Revisional bariatric surgery: who, what, where, and when? Surg Obes Relat Dis Off J Am Soc Bariatr Surg. 2010;6:635–42.
12.
Hamdi A, Julien C, Brown P, et al. Midterm outcomes of revisional surgery for gastric pouch and gastrojejunal anastomotic enlargement in patients with weight regain after gastric bypass for morbid obesity. Obes Surg. 2014;24:1386–90.
13.
McGrice M, Don PK. Interventions to improve long-term weight loss in patients following bariatric surgery: challenges and solutions. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes Targets Ther. 2015;8:263–74.CrossRef
14.
Kushner RF, Sorensen KW. Prevention of weight regain following bariatric surgery. Curr Obes Rep. 2015;4:198–206.CrossRef
15.
Shukla AP, He D, Saunders KH, et al. Current concepts in management of weight regain following bariatric surgery. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab. 2018;13:67–76.
16.
Nedelcu M, Khwaja HA, Rogula TG. Weight regain after bariatric surgery-how should it be defined? Surg Obes Relat Dis Off J Am Soc Bariatr Surg. 2016;12:1129–30.CrossRef
17.
Homan J, Betzel B, Aarts EO, et al. Secondary surgery after sleeve gastrectomy: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch. Surg Obes Relat Dis Off J Am Soc Bariatr Surg. 2015;11:771–7.
18.
Liu SY-W, Wong SK-H, Lam CC-H, et al. Long-term results on weight loss and diabetes remission after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy for a morbidly obese Chinese population. Obes Surg. 2015;25:1901–8.
19.
Colquitt JL, Pickett K, Loveman E, Frampton GK. Surgery for weight loss in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;CD003641.
20.
da Silva FBL, Gomes DL, de Carvalho KMB. Poor diet quality and postoperative time are independent risk factors for weight regain after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Nutr Burbank Los Angel Cty Calif. 2016;32:1250–3.CrossRef
21.
Amundsen T, Strømmen M, Martins C. Suboptimal weight loss and weight regain after gastric bypass surgery-postoperative status of energy intake, eating behavior, physical activity, and psychometrics. Obes Surg. 2017;27:1316–23.CrossRef
22.
Bastos ECL, Barbosa EMWG, Soriano GMS, et al. Determinants of weight regain after bariatric surgery. Arq Bras Cir Dig ABCD Braz Arch Dig Surg. 2013;26(Suppl 1):26–32.
23.
Voorwinde V, Steenhuis IHM, Janssen IMC, et al. Definitions of long-term weight regain and their associations with clinical outcomes. Obes Surg. 2020;30:527–36.
24.
Roslin M, Damani T, Oren J, et al. Abnormal glucose tolerance testing following gastric bypass demonstrates reactive hypoglycemia. Surg Endosc. 2011;25:1926–32.
25.
Yanos BR, Saules KK, Schuh LM, et al. Predictors of lowest weight and long-term weight regain among Roux-en-Y gastric bypass patients. Obes Surg. 2015;25:1364–70.
26.
Cooper TC, Simmons EB, Webb K, et al. Trends in weight regain following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) bariatric surgery. Obes Surg. 2015;25:1474–81.
27.
Field AE, Wing RR, Manson JE, et al. Relationship of a large weight loss to long-term weight change among young and middle-aged US women. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord J Int Assoc Study Obes. 2001;25:1113–21.
28.
Angrisani L, Santonicola A, Iovino P, et al. Bariatric surgery worldwide 2013. Obes Surg. 2015;25:1822–32.
29.
Jiménez A, Casamitjana R, Flores L, et al. Long-term effects of sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery on type 2 diabetes mellitus in morbidly obese subjects. Ann Surg. 2012;256:1023–9.
30.
Brethauer SA, Aminian A, Romero-Talamás H, et al. Can diabetes be surgically cured? Long-term metabolic effects of bariatric surgery in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ann Surg. 2013;258:628–36. discussion 636-637
31.
Carmeli I, Golomb I, Sadot E, et al. Laparoscopic conversion of sleeve gastrectomy to a biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch or a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass due to weight loss failure: our algorithm. Surg Obes Relat Dis Off J Am Soc Bariatr Surg. 2015;11:79–85.
32.
Sjöström L, Lindroos A-K, Peltonen M, et al. Lifestyle, diabetes, and cardiovascular risk factors 10 years after bariatric surgery. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:2683–93.
33.
Clapp B, Wynn M, Martyn C, et al. Long term (7 or more years) outcomes of the sleeve gastrectomy: a meta-analysis. Surg Obes Relat Dis Off J Am Soc Bariatr Surg. 2018;14:741–7.
34.
Courcoulas AP, King WC, Belle SH, et al. Seven-year weight trajectories and health outcomes in the longitudinal assessment of bariatric surgery (LABS) study. JAMA Surg. 2018;153:427–34.
35.
Abdulrazzaq S, Elhag W, El Ansari W, et al. Is revisional gastric bypass as effective as primary gastric bypass for weight loss and improvement of comorbidities? Obes Surg. 2020;30:1219–29.
36.
Cadena-Obando D, Ramírez-Rentería C, Ferreira-Hermosillo A, et al. Are there really any predictive factors for a successful weight loss after bariatric surgery? BMC Endocr Disord. 2020;20:20.
37.
Lauti M, Kularatna M, Hill AG, et al. Weight regain following sleeve gastrectomy-a systematic review. Obes Surg. 2016;26:1326–34.
38.
Lauti M, Lemanu D, Zeng ISL, et al. Definition determines weight regain outcomes after sleeve gastrectomy. Surg Obes Relat Dis Off J Am Soc Bariatr Surg. 2017;13:1123–9.
39.
Amiki M, Seki Y, Kasama K, et al. Revisional bariatric surgery for insufficient weight loss and gastroesophageal reflux disease: our 12-year experience. Obes Surg. 2020;30:1671–8.
40.
Tsouristakis AI, Febres G, McMahon DJ, et al. Long-term modulation of appetitive hormones and sweet cravings after adjustable gastric banding and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Obes Surg. 2019;29:3698–705.CrossRef
41.
Jirapinyo P, Jin DX, Qazi T, et al. A meta-analysis of GLP-1 after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: impact of surgical technique and measurement strategy. Obes Surg. 2018;28:615–26.
42.
Bohdjalian A, Langer FB, Shakeri-Leidenmühler S, et al. Sleeve gastrectomy as sole and definitive bariatric procedure: 5-year results for weight loss and ghrelin. Obes Surg. 2010;20:535–40.
43.
Santo MA, Riccioppo D, Pajecki D, et al. Weight regain after gastric bypass: influence of gut hormones. Obes Surg. 2016;26:919–25.
44.
Zalesin KC, Franklin BA, Miller WM, et al. Preventing weight regain after bariatric surgery: an overview of lifestyle and psychosocial modulators. Am J Lifestyle Med SAGE Publications. 2010;4:113–20.
45.
Tamboli RA, Breitman I, Marks-Shulman PA, et al. Early weight regain after gastric bypass does not affect insulin sensitivity but is associated with higher ghrelin levels. Obes Silver Spring Md. 2014;22:1617–22.
46.
Meguid MM, Glade MJ, Middleton FA. Weight regain after Roux-en-Y: a significant 20% complication related to PYY. Nutr Burbank Los Angel Cty Calif. 2008;24:832–42.CrossRef
47.
Korner J, Conroy R, Febres G, et al. Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study of leptin administration after gastric bypass. Obes Silver Spring Md. 2013;21:951–6.
48.
Conroy R, Febres G, McMahon DJ, et al. Recombinant human leptin does not alter gut hormone levels after gastric bypass but may attenuate sweet cravings. Int J Endocrinol. 2014;2014:120286.CrossRef
49.
Varma S, Clark JM, Schweitzer M, et al. Weight regain in patients with symptoms of post-bariatric surgery hypoglycemia. Surg Obes Relat Dis Off J Am Soc Bariatr Surg. 2017;13:1728–34.
50.
Rusch MD, Andris D. Maladaptive eating patterns after weight-loss surgery. Nutr Clin Pract Off Publ Am Soc Parenter Enter Nutr. 2007;22:41–9.
51.
Freire RH, Borges MC, Alvarez-Leite JI, et al. Food quality, physical activity, and nutritional follow-up as determinant of weight regain after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Nutr Burbank Los Angel Cty Calif. 2012;28:53–8.
52.
Brolin RE, Robertson LB, Kenler HA, et al. Weight loss and dietary intake after vertical banded gastroplasty and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Ann Surg. 1994;220:782–90.
53.
Saunders R. “Grazing”: a high-risk behavior. Obes Surg. 2004;14:98–102.CrossRef
54.
Colles SL, Dixon JB, O’Brien PE. Grazing and loss of control related to eating: two high-risk factors following bariatric surgery. Obes Silver Spring Md. 2008;16:615–22.CrossRef
55.
Pizato N, Botelho PB, Gonçalves VSS, et al. Effect of grazing behavior on weight regain post-bariatric surgery: a systematic review. Nutrients. 2017;9
56.
Magro DO, Geloneze B, Delfini R, et al. Long-term weight regain after gastric bypass: a 5-year prospective study. Obes Surg. 2008;18:648–51.
57.
Livhits M, Mercado C, Yermilov I, et al. Exercise following bariatric surgery: systematic review. Obes Surg. 2010;20:657–65.
58.
Jacobi D, Ciangura C, Couet C, et al. Physical activity and weight loss following bariatric surgery. Obes Rev Off J Int Assoc Study Obes. 2011;12:366–77.
59.
Rosenberger PH, Henderson KE, White MA, et al. Physical activity in gastric bypass patients: associations with weight loss and psychosocial functioning at 12-month follow-up. Obes Surg. 2011;21:1564–9.
60.
King WC, Hsu JY, Belle SH, et al. Pre- to postoperative changes in physical activity: report from the longitudinal assessment of bariatric surgery-2 (LABS-2). Surg Obes Relat Dis Off J Am Soc Bariatr Surg. 2012;8:522–32.
61.
Livhits M, Mercado C, Yermilov I, et al. Preoperative predictors of weight loss following bariatric surgery: systematic review. Obes Surg. 2012;22:70–89.
62.
Sarwer DB, Allison KC, Wadden TA, et al. Psychopathology, disordered eating, and impulsivity as predictors of outcomes of bariatric surgery. Surg Obes Relat Dis Off J Am Soc Bariatr Surg. 2019;15:650–5.
63.
Rutledge T, Groesz LM, Savu M. Psychiatric factors and weight loss patterns following gastric bypass surgery in a veteran population. Obes Surg. 2011;21:29–35.CrossRef
64.
Sheets CS, Peat CM, Berg KC, et al. Post-operative psychosocial predictors of outcome in bariatric surgery. Obes Surg. 2015;25:330–45.
65.
White MA, Kalarchian MA, Masheb RM, et al. Loss of control over eating predicts outcomes in bariatric surgery patients: a prospective, 24-month follow-up study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2010;71:175–84.
66.
Sousa P, Bastos AP, Venâncio C, et al. Understanding depressive symptoms after bariatric surgery: the role of weight, eating and body image. Acta Medica Port. 2014;27:450–7.
67.
Niego SH, Kofman MD, Weiss JJ, et al. Binge eating in the bariatric surgery population: a review of the literature. Int J Eat Disord. 2007;40:349–59.
68.
Kalarchian MA, Marcus MD, Wilson GT, et al. Binge eating among gastric bypass patients at long-term follow-up. Obes Surg. 2002;12:270–5.
69.
Eid I, Birch DW, Sharma AM, et al. Complications associated with adjustable gastric banding for morbid obesity: a surgeon’s guides. Can J Surg J Can Chir. 2011;54:61–6.
70.
Weiner RA, Weiner S, Pomhoff I, et al. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy--influence of sleeve size and resected gastric volume. Obes Surg. 2007;17:1297–305.
71.
Braghetto I, Cortes C, Herquiñigo D, et al. Evaluation of the radiological gastric capacity and evolution of the BMI 2-3 years after sleeve gastrectomy. Obes Surg. 2009;19:1262–9.
72.
Braghetto I, Csendes A, Lanzarini E, et al. Is laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy an acceptable primary bariatric procedure in obese patients? Early and 5-year postoperative results. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech. 2012;22:479–86.
73.
Yimcharoen P, Heneghan HM, Singh M, et al. Endoscopic findings and outcomes of revisional procedures for patients with weight recidivism after gastric bypass. Surg Endosc. 2011;25:3345–52.
74.
Heneghan HM, Yimcharoen P, Brethauer SA, et al. Influence of pouch and stoma size on weight loss after gastric bypass. Surg Obes Relat Dis Off J Am Soc Bariatr Surg. 2012;8:408–15.
75.
Filho AJB, Kondo W, Nassif LS, et al. Gastrogastric fistula: a possible complication of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. JSLS. 2006;10:326–31.
76.
Ochner CN, Jochner MCE, Caruso EA, et al. Effect of preoperative body mass index on weight loss after obesity surgery. Surg Obes Relat Dis Off J Am Soc Bariatr Surg. 2013;9:423–7.
77.
Csendes A, Burgos AM, Martinez G, et al. Loss and regain of weight after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy according to preoperative BMI : late results of a prospective study (78-138 months) with 93% of follow-up. Obes Surg. 2018;28:3424–30.
78.
Melton GB, Steele KE, Schweitzer MA, et al. Suboptimal weight loss after gastric bypass surgery: correlation of demographics, comorbidities, and insurance status with outcomes. J Gastrointest Surg Off J Soc Surg Aliment Tract. 2008;12:250–5.
79.
Campos GM, Rabl C, Mulligan K, et al. Factors associated with weight loss after gastric bypass. Arch Surg Chic Ill 1960. 2008;143:877–84.
80.
Al-Khyatt W, Ryall R, Leeder P, et al. Predictors of inadequate weight loss after laparoscopic gastric bypass for morbid obesity. Obes Surg. 2017;27:1446–52.
81.
Paul L, van der Heiden C, Hoek HW. Cognitive behavioral therapy and predictors of weight loss in bariatric surgery patients. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2017;30:474–9.CrossRef
82.
Shantavasinkul PC, Omotosho P, Corsino L, et al. Predictors of weight regain in patients who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. Surg Obes Relat Dis Off J Am Soc Bariatr Surg. 2016;12:1640–5.
83.
Marek RJ, Ben-Porath YS, van Dulmen MHM, et al. Using the presurgical psychological evaluation to predict 5-year weight loss outcomes in bariatric surgery patients. Surg Obes Relat Dis Off J Am Soc Bariatr Surg. 2017;13:514–21.
84.
Odom J, Zalesin KC, Washington TL, et al. Behavioral predictors of weight regain after bariatric surgery. Obes Surg. 2010;20:349–56.
85.
Wimmelmann CL, Dela F, Mortensen EL. Psychological predictors of weight loss after bariatric surgery: a review of the recent research. Obes Res Clin Pract. 2014;8:e299–313.CrossRef
86.
de Raaff CAL, Coblijn UK, de Vries N, et al. Predictive factors for insufficient weight loss after bariatric surgery: does obstructive sleep apnea influence weight loss? Obes Surg. 2016;26:1048–56.
87.
Bradley LE, Forman EM, Kerrigan SG, et al. A pilot study of an acceptance-based behavioral intervention for weight regain after bariatric surgery. Obes Surg. 2016;26:2433–41.
88.
Himes SM, Grothe KB, Clark MM, et al. Stop regain: a pilot psychological intervention for bariatric patients experiencing weight regain. Obes Surg. 2015;25:922–7.
89.
Bradley LE, Forman EM, Kerrigan SG, et al. Project HELP: a remotely delivered behavioral intervention for weight regain after bariatric surgery. Obes Surg. 2017;27:586–98.
90.
Rudolph A, Hilbert A. Post-operative behavioural management in bariatric surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Obes Rev Off J Int Assoc Study Obes. 2013;14:292–302.CrossRef
91.
Nijamkin MP, Campa A, Sosa J, et al. Comprehensive nutrition and lifestyle education improves weight loss and physical activity in Hispanic Americans following gastric bypass surgery: a randomized controlled trial. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2012;112:382–90.
92.
Kalarchian MA, Marcus MD, Courcoulas AP, et al. Structured dietary intervention to facilitate weight loss after bariatric surgery: a randomized, controlled pilot study. Obes Silver Spring Md. 2016;24:1906–12.
93.
Lopes Gomes D, Moehlecke M, Lopes da Silva FB, et al. Whey protein supplementation enhances body fat and weight loss in women long after bariatric surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Obes Surg. 2017;27:424–31.
94.
Sarwer DB, Moore RH, Spitzer JC, et al. A pilot study investigating the efficacy of postoperative dietary counseling to improve outcomes after bariatric surgery. Surg Obes Relat Dis Off J Am Soc Bariatr Surg. 2012;8:561–8.
95.
Stanford FC, Alfaris N, Gomez G, et al. The utility of weight loss medications after bariatric surgery for weight regain or inadequate weight loss: a multi-center study. Surg Obes Relat Dis Off J Am Soc Bariatr Surg. 2017;13:491–500.
96.
Toth AT, Gomez G, Shukla AP, et al. Weight loss medications in young adults after bariatric surgery for weight regain or inadequate weight loss: a multi-center study. Child Basel Switz. 2018;5
97.
Schwartz J, Chaudhry UI, Suzo A, et al. Pharmacotherapy in conjunction with a diet and exercise program for the treatment of weight recidivism or weight loss plateau post-bariatric surgery: a retrospective review. Obes Surg. 2016;26:452–8.
98.
Wharton S, Kuk JL, Luszczynski M, et al. Liraglutide 3.0 mg for the management of insufficient weight loss or excessive weight regain post-bariatric surgery. Clin Obes. 2019;9:e12323.
99.
Magouliotis DE, Tasiopoulou VS, Svokos AA, et al. One-anastomosis gastric bypass versus sleeve gastrectomy for morbid obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Surg. 2017;27:2479–87.
100.
Tran DD, Nwokeabia ID, Purnell S, et al. Revision of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for weight regain: a systematic review of techniques and outcomes. Obes Surg. 2016;26:1627–34.
101.
Velapati SR, Shah M, Kuchkuntla AR, et al. Weight regain after bariatric surgery: prevalence, etiology, and treatment. Curr Nutr Rep. 2018;7:329–34.
102.
Cohen RV, Cummings DE. Weight regain after bariatric/metabolic surgery: a wake-up call. Obesity. 2020;28:1004–4.
103.
Patel S, Szomstein S, Rosenthal RJ. Reasons and outcomes of reoperative bariatric surgery for and complicated procedures (excluding adjustable gastric banding). Obes Surg. 2011;21:1209–19.CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Weight Regain and Insufficient Weight Loss After Bariatric Surgery: Definitions, Prevalence, Mechanisms, Predictors, Prevention and Management Strategies, and Knowledge Gaps—a Scoping Review
Authors
Walid El Ansari
Wahiba Elhag
Publication date
01-04-2021
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Obesity Surgery / Issue 4/2021
Print ISSN: 0960-8923
Electronic ISSN: 1708-0428
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-020-05160-5

Other articles of this Issue 4/2021

Obesity Surgery 4/2021 Go to the issue

Original Contributions

A Matched Cohort Comparison of Long-term Outcomes of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) Versus Single-Anastomosis Duodeno-ileostomy with Sleeve Gastrectomy (SADI-S)

Letter to the Editor

Liver Lobe Necrosis after Laparoscopic Revisional Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: a Case Report

Original Contributions

Early Weight Loss after Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy Predicts Sustained Weight Maintenance Among Chinese Individuals with a BMI < 35 kg/m2

Brief Communication

Convergent Mixed Methods Exploration of Telehealth in Bariatric Surgery: Maximizing Provider Resources and Access

Original Contributions

Intestinal Electrical Stimulation Alters Hypothalamic Expression of Oxytocin and Orexin and Ameliorates Diet-Induced Obesity in Rats

Letter to the Editor

Colon Cancer After One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass: a Case Report