Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2/2023

12-12-2022 | Esophageal Cancer | Original Article

Ulcer Scarring in the Gastric Conduit Is a Risk Factor for Anastomotic Leakage After Esophagectomy for Esophageal Cancer

Authors: Daisuke Motegi, Hiroshi Ichikawa, Takeo Bamba, Yusuke Muneoka, Yosuke Kano, Kenji Usui, Takaaki Hanyu, Takashi Ishikawa, Yuki Hirose, Kohei Miura, Yosuke Tajima, Yoshifumi Shimada, Jun Sakata, Satoru Nakagawa, Shin-ichi Kosugi, Toshifumi Wakai

Published in: Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery | Issue 2/2023

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Anastomotic leakage (AL) is a serious complication after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. The objective of this study was to identify the risk factors for AL.

Methods

Patients with esophageal cancer who underwent curative esophagectomy and cervical esophagogastric anastomosis between 2009 and 2019 (N = 346) and those between 2020 and 2022 (N = 17) were enrolled in the study to identify the risk factors for AL and the study to assess the association between the risk factors and blood flow in the gastric conduit evaluated by indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging, respectively.

Results

AL occurred in 17 out of 346 patients (4.9%). Peptic or endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) ulcer scars were independently associated with AL (OR 6.872, 95% CI 2.112–22.365) in addition to diabetes mellitus. The ulcer scars in the anterior/posterior gastric wall were more frequently observed in patients with AL than in those without AL (75.0% vs. 17.4%, P = 0.042). The median flow velocity of ICG fluorescence in the gastric conduits with the scars was significantly lower than in those without the scars (1.17 cm/s vs. 2.23 cm/s, P = 0.004).

Conclusions

Peptic or ESD ulcer scarring is a risk factor for AL after esophagectomy in addition to diabetes mellitus. The scars in the anterior/posterior gastric wall are significantly associated with AL, impairing blood flow of the gastric conduit. Preventive interventions and careful postoperative management should be provided to minimize the risk and severity of AL in patients with these risk factors.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
go back to reference Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin 2018;68:394–424.CrossRefPubMed Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin 2018;68:394–424.CrossRefPubMed
2.
go back to reference Shah MA, Kennedy EB, Catenacci DV, Deighton DC, Goodman KA, Malhotra NK, Willett C, Stiles B, Sharma P, Tang L, Wijnhoven BPL, Hofstetter WL. Treatment of locally advanced esophageal carcinoma: ASCO Guideline. J Clin Oncol 2020;38:2677–2694.CrossRefPubMed Shah MA, Kennedy EB, Catenacci DV, Deighton DC, Goodman KA, Malhotra NK, Willett C, Stiles B, Sharma P, Tang L, Wijnhoven BPL, Hofstetter WL. Treatment of locally advanced esophageal carcinoma: ASCO Guideline. J Clin Oncol 2020;38:2677–2694.CrossRefPubMed
3.
go back to reference van Heijl M, Gooszen JA, Fockens P, Busch OR, van Lanschot JJ, van Berge Henegouwen MI. Risk factors for development of benign cervical strictures after esophagectomy. Ann Surg 2010;251:1064–1069.CrossRefPubMed van Heijl M, Gooszen JA, Fockens P, Busch OR, van Lanschot JJ, van Berge Henegouwen MI. Risk factors for development of benign cervical strictures after esophagectomy. Ann Surg 2010;251:1064–1069.CrossRefPubMed
4.
go back to reference Kassis ES, Kosinski AS, Ross P Jr, Koppes KE, Donahue JM, Daniel VC. Predictors of anastomotic leak after esophagectomy: an analysis of the society of thoracic surgeons general thoracic database. Ann Thorac Surg 2013;96:1919–1926.CrossRefPubMed Kassis ES, Kosinski AS, Ross P Jr, Koppes KE, Donahue JM, Daniel VC. Predictors of anastomotic leak after esophagectomy: an analysis of the society of thoracic surgeons general thoracic database. Ann Thorac Surg 2013;96:1919–1926.CrossRefPubMed
5.
go back to reference Saeki H, Tsutsumi S, Tajiri H, Yukaya T, Tsutsumi R, Nishimura S, Nakaji Y, Kudou K, Akiyama S, Kasagi Y, Nakanishi R, Nakashima Y, Sugiyama M, Ohgaki K, Sonoda H, Oki E, Maehara Y. Prognostic significance of postoperative complications after curative resection for patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Ann Surg 2017;265:527–533.CrossRefPubMed Saeki H, Tsutsumi S, Tajiri H, Yukaya T, Tsutsumi R, Nishimura S, Nakaji Y, Kudou K, Akiyama S, Kasagi Y, Nakanishi R, Nakashima Y, Sugiyama M, Ohgaki K, Sonoda H, Oki E, Maehara Y. Prognostic significance of postoperative complications after curative resection for patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Ann Surg 2017;265:527–533.CrossRefPubMed
6.
go back to reference Goense L, van Dijk WA, Govaert JA, van Rossum PS, Ruurda JP, van Hillegersberg R. Hospital costs of complications after esophagectomy for cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 2017;43:696–702.CrossRefPubMed Goense L, van Dijk WA, Govaert JA, van Rossum PS, Ruurda JP, van Hillegersberg R. Hospital costs of complications after esophagectomy for cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 2017;43:696–702.CrossRefPubMed
7.
go back to reference Sugawara K, Yagi K, Aikou S, Yamashita H, Seto Y. Impacts of complications after esophageal cancer surgery on health-related quality of life and nutritional status. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2022 Jul 4. Epub ahead of print. Sugawara K, Yagi K, Aikou S, Yamashita H, Seto Y. Impacts of complications after esophageal cancer surgery on health-related quality of life and nutritional status. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2022 Jul 4. Epub ahead of print.
8.
go back to reference Hulscher JB, van Sandick JW, de Boer AG, Wijnhoven BP, Tijssen JG, Fockens P, Stalmeier PF, ten Kate FJ, van Dekken H, Obertop H, Tilanus HW, van Lanschot JJ. Extended transthoracic resection compared with limited transhiatal resection for adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. N Engl J Med 2002;347:1662–1669.CrossRefPubMed Hulscher JB, van Sandick JW, de Boer AG, Wijnhoven BP, Tijssen JG, Fockens P, Stalmeier PF, ten Kate FJ, van Dekken H, Obertop H, Tilanus HW, van Lanschot JJ. Extended transthoracic resection compared with limited transhiatal resection for adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. N Engl J Med 2002;347:1662–1669.CrossRefPubMed
9.
go back to reference Parekh K, Iannettoni MD. Complications of esophageal resection and reconstruction. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2007;19:79–88.CrossRefPubMed Parekh K, Iannettoni MD. Complications of esophageal resection and reconstruction. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2007;19:79–88.CrossRefPubMed
10.
go back to reference van Hagen P, Hulshof MC, van Lanschot JJ, Steyerberg EW, van Berge Henegouwen MI, Wijnhoven BP, Richel DJ, Nieuwenhuijzen GA, Hospers GA, Bonenkamp JJ, Cuesta MA, Blaisse RJ, Busch OR, ten Kate FJ, Creemers GJ, Punt CJ, Plukker JT, Verheul HM, Spillenaar Bilgen EJ, van Dekken H, van der Sangen MJ, Rozema T, Biermann K, Beukema JC, Piet AH, van Rij CM, Reinders JG, Tilanus HW, van der Gaast A; CROSS Group. Preoperative chemoradiotherapy for esophageal or junctional cancer. N Engl J Med 2012;366:2074–2084.CrossRefPubMed van Hagen P, Hulshof MC, van Lanschot JJ, Steyerberg EW, van Berge Henegouwen MI, Wijnhoven BP, Richel DJ, Nieuwenhuijzen GA, Hospers GA, Bonenkamp JJ, Cuesta MA, Blaisse RJ, Busch OR, ten Kate FJ, Creemers GJ, Punt CJ, Plukker JT, Verheul HM, Spillenaar Bilgen EJ, van Dekken H, van der Sangen MJ, Rozema T, Biermann K, Beukema JC, Piet AH, van Rij CM, Reinders JG, Tilanus HW, van der Gaast A; CROSS Group. Preoperative chemoradiotherapy for esophageal or junctional cancer. N Engl J Med 2012;366:2074–2084.CrossRefPubMed
11.
go back to reference Gronnier C, Tréchot B, Duhamel A, Mabrut JY, Bail JP, Carrere N, Lefevre JH, Brigand C, Vaillant JC, Adham M, Msika S, Demartines N, El Nakadi I, Piessen G, Meunier B, Collet D, Mariette C; FREGAT Working Group-FRENCH-AFC, Luc G, Cabau M, Jougon J, Badic B, Lozach P, Cappeliez S, Lebreton G, Alves A, Flamein R, Pezet D, Pipitone F, Iuga BS, Contival N, Pappalardo E, Mantziari S, Hec F, Vanderbeken M, Tessier W, Briez N, Fredon F, Gainant A, Mathonnet M, Bigourdan JM, Mezoughi S, Ducerf C, Baulieux J, Pasquer A, Baraket O, Poncet G, Vaudoyer D, Enfer J, Villeneuve L, Glehen O, Coste T, Fabre JM, Marchal F, Frisoni R, Ayav A, Brunaud L, Bresler L, Cohen C, Aze O, Venissac N, Pop D, Mouroux J, Donici I, Prudhomme M, Felli E, Lisunfui S, Seman M, Petit GG, Karoui M, Tresallet C, Ménégaux F, Hannoun L, Malgras B, Lantuas D, Pautrat K, Pocard M, Valleur P. Impact of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy on postoperative outcomes after esophageal cancer resection: results of a European multicenter study. Ann Surg 2014; 260:764–770. Gronnier C, Tréchot B, Duhamel A, Mabrut JY, Bail JP, Carrere N, Lefevre JH, Brigand C, Vaillant JC, Adham M, Msika S, Demartines N, El Nakadi I, Piessen G, Meunier B, Collet D, Mariette C; FREGAT Working Group-FRENCH-AFC, Luc G, Cabau M, Jougon J, Badic B, Lozach P, Cappeliez S, Lebreton G, Alves A, Flamein R, Pezet D, Pipitone F, Iuga BS, Contival N, Pappalardo E, Mantziari S, Hec F, Vanderbeken M, Tessier W, Briez N, Fredon F, Gainant A, Mathonnet M, Bigourdan JM, Mezoughi S, Ducerf C, Baulieux J, Pasquer A, Baraket O, Poncet G, Vaudoyer D, Enfer J, Villeneuve L, Glehen O, Coste T, Fabre JM, Marchal F, Frisoni R, Ayav A, Brunaud L, Bresler L, Cohen C, Aze O, Venissac N, Pop D, Mouroux J, Donici I, Prudhomme M, Felli E, Lisunfui S, Seman M, Petit GG, Karoui M, Tresallet C, Ménégaux F, Hannoun L, Malgras B, Lantuas D, Pautrat K, Pocard M, Valleur P. Impact of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy on postoperative outcomes after esophageal cancer resection: results of a European multicenter study. Ann Surg 2014; 260:764–770.
12.
go back to reference Kumagai K, Rouvelas I, Tsai JA, Mariosa D, Klevebro F, Lindblad M, Ye W, Lundell L, Nilsson M. Meta-analysis of postoperative morbidity and perioperative mortality in patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy for resectable oesophageal and gastro-oesophageal junctional cancers. Br J Surg 2014;101:321–338.CrossRefPubMed Kumagai K, Rouvelas I, Tsai JA, Mariosa D, Klevebro F, Lindblad M, Ye W, Lundell L, Nilsson M. Meta-analysis of postoperative morbidity and perioperative mortality in patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy for resectable oesophageal and gastro-oesophageal junctional cancers. Br J Surg 2014;101:321–338.CrossRefPubMed
13.
go back to reference Takeuchi H, Miyata H, Gotoh M, Kitagawa Y, Baba H, Kimura W, Tomita N, Nakagoe T, Shimada M, Sugihara K, Mori M. A risk model for esophagectomy using data of 5354 patients included in a Japanese nationwide web-based database. Ann Surg 2014;260:259–266.CrossRefPubMed Takeuchi H, Miyata H, Gotoh M, Kitagawa Y, Baba H, Kimura W, Tomita N, Nakagoe T, Shimada M, Sugihara K, Mori M. A risk model for esophagectomy using data of 5354 patients included in a Japanese nationwide web-based database. Ann Surg 2014;260:259–266.CrossRefPubMed
14.
go back to reference Huang C, Yao H, Huang Q, Lu H, Xu M, Wu J. A novel nomogram to predict the risk of anastomotic leakage in patients after oesophagectomy. BMC Surg 2020;20:64.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Huang C, Yao H, Huang Q, Lu H, Xu M, Wu J. A novel nomogram to predict the risk of anastomotic leakage in patients after oesophagectomy. BMC Surg 2020;20:64.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
15.
go back to reference Goense L, van Rossum PS, Tromp M, Joore HC, van Dijk D, Kroese AC, Ruurda JP, van Hillegersberg R. Intraoperative and postoperative risk factors for anastomotic leakage and pneumonia after esophagectomy for cancer. Dis Esophagus 2017;30:1–10.PubMed Goense L, van Rossum PS, Tromp M, Joore HC, van Dijk D, Kroese AC, Ruurda JP, van Hillegersberg R. Intraoperative and postoperative risk factors for anastomotic leakage and pneumonia after esophagectomy for cancer. Dis Esophagus 2017;30:1–10.PubMed
16.
go back to reference Gooszen JAH, Goense L, Gisbertz SS, Ruurda JP, van Hillegersberg R, van Berge Henegouwen MI. Intrathoracic versus cervical anastomosis and predictors of anastomotic leakage after oesophagectomy for cancer. Br J Surg 2018;105:552–560.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Gooszen JAH, Goense L, Gisbertz SS, Ruurda JP, van Hillegersberg R, van Berge Henegouwen MI. Intrathoracic versus cervical anastomosis and predictors of anastomotic leakage after oesophagectomy for cancer. Br J Surg 2018;105:552–560.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
17.
go back to reference Voeten DM, Gisbertz SS, Ruurda JP, Wilschut JA, Ferri LE, van Hillegersberg R, van Berge Henegouwen MI; Dutch Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer Audit (DUCA) Group. Overall volume trends in esophageal cancer surgery results from the Dutch Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer Audit. Ann Surg 2021;274:449–458.CrossRefPubMed Voeten DM, Gisbertz SS, Ruurda JP, Wilschut JA, Ferri LE, van Hillegersberg R, van Berge Henegouwen MI; Dutch Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer Audit (DUCA) Group. Overall volume trends in esophageal cancer surgery results from the Dutch Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer Audit. Ann Surg 2021;274:449–458.CrossRefPubMed
18.
go back to reference Chang AC. Centralizing esophagectomy to Improve outcomes and enhance clinical research: Invited expert review. Ann Thorac Surg 2018;106:916–923.CrossRefPubMed Chang AC. Centralizing esophagectomy to Improve outcomes and enhance clinical research: Invited expert review. Ann Thorac Surg 2018;106:916–923.CrossRefPubMed
19.
20.
go back to reference Koyanagi K, Ozawa S, Ninomiya Y, Yatabe K, Higuchi T, Yamamoto M, Kanamori K, Tajima K. Indocyanine green fluorescence imaging for evaluating blood flow in the reconstructed conduit after esophageal cancer surgery. Surg Today 2022;52:369–376.CrossRefPubMed Koyanagi K, Ozawa S, Ninomiya Y, Yatabe K, Higuchi T, Yamamoto M, Kanamori K, Tajima K. Indocyanine green fluorescence imaging for evaluating blood flow in the reconstructed conduit after esophageal cancer surgery. Surg Today 2022;52:369–376.CrossRefPubMed
21.
go back to reference Ignacio de Ulíbarri J, González-Madroño A, de Villar NG, González P, González B, Mancha A, Rodríguez F, Fernández G. CONUT: a tool for controlling nutritional status. First validation in a hospital population. Nutr Hosp 2005;20:38–45.PubMed Ignacio de Ulíbarri J, González-Madroño A, de Villar NG, González P, González B, Mancha A, Rodríguez F, Fernández G. CONUT: a tool for controlling nutritional status. First validation in a hospital population. Nutr Hosp 2005;20:38–45.PubMed
22.
go back to reference Onodera T, Goseki N, Kosaki G. Prognostic nutritional index in gastrointestinal surgery of malnourished cancer patients. Nihon Geka Gakkai Zasshi 1984;85:1001–1005.PubMed Onodera T, Goseki N, Kosaki G. Prognostic nutritional index in gastrointestinal surgery of malnourished cancer patients. Nihon Geka Gakkai Zasshi 1984;85:1001–1005.PubMed
23.
go back to reference Low DE, Kuppusamy MK, Alderson D, Cecconello I, Chang AC, Darling G, Davies A, D'Journo XB, Gisbertz SS, Griffin SM, Hardwick R, Hoelscher A, Hofstetter W, Jobe B, Kitagawa Y, Law S, Mariette C, Maynard N, Morse CR, Nafteux P, Pera M, Pramesh CS, Puig S, Reynolds JV, Schroeder W, Smithers M, Wijnhoven BPL. Benchmarking complications associated with esophagectomy. Ann Surg 2019;269:291–298.CrossRefPubMed Low DE, Kuppusamy MK, Alderson D, Cecconello I, Chang AC, Darling G, Davies A, D'Journo XB, Gisbertz SS, Griffin SM, Hardwick R, Hoelscher A, Hofstetter W, Jobe B, Kitagawa Y, Law S, Mariette C, Maynard N, Morse CR, Nafteux P, Pera M, Pramesh CS, Puig S, Reynolds JV, Schroeder W, Smithers M, Wijnhoven BPL. Benchmarking complications associated with esophagectomy. Ann Surg 2019;269:291–298.CrossRefPubMed
24.
go back to reference Brierley JD, Gospodarowicz MK, Wittekind C (eds). International Union Against Cancer (UICC) TNM classification of malignant tumours. 8th ed: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2016. Brierley JD, Gospodarowicz MK, Wittekind C (eds). International Union Against Cancer (UICC) TNM classification of malignant tumours. 8th ed: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2016.
25.
go back to reference Japanese Gastric Cancer Association. Japanese gastric cancer treatment guidelines 2018 (5th edition). Gastric Cancer 2021;24:1–21. Japanese Gastric Cancer Association. Japanese gastric cancer treatment guidelines 2018 (5th edition). Gastric Cancer 2021;24:1–21.
26.
go back to reference Koyanagi K, Ozawa S, Oguma J, Kazuno A, Yamazaki Y, Ninomiya Y, Ochiai H, Tachimori Y. Blood flow speed of the gastric conduit assessed by indocyanine green fluorescence: New predictive evaluation of anastomotic leakage after esophagectomy. Medicine 2016;95:e4386.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Koyanagi K, Ozawa S, Oguma J, Kazuno A, Yamazaki Y, Ninomiya Y, Ochiai H, Tachimori Y. Blood flow speed of the gastric conduit assessed by indocyanine green fluorescence: New predictive evaluation of anastomotic leakage after esophagectomy. Medicine 2016;95:e4386.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
27.
go back to reference Kakeji Y, Takahashi A, Udagawa H, Unno M, Endo I, Kunisaki C, Taketomi A, Tangoku A, Masaki T, Marubashi S, Yoshida K, Gotoh M, Konno H, Miyata H, Seto Y; National Clinical Database. Surgical outcomes in gastroenterological surgery in Japan: Report of National Clinical database 2011-2016. Ann Gastroenterol Surg 2018;2:37–54.CrossRefPubMed Kakeji Y, Takahashi A, Udagawa H, Unno M, Endo I, Kunisaki C, Taketomi A, Tangoku A, Masaki T, Marubashi S, Yoshida K, Gotoh M, Konno H, Miyata H, Seto Y; National Clinical Database. Surgical outcomes in gastroenterological surgery in Japan: Report of National Clinical database 2011-2016. Ann Gastroenterol Surg 2018;2:37–54.CrossRefPubMed
28.
go back to reference Yoshida N, Yamamoto H, Baba H, Miyata H, Watanabe M, Toh Y, Matsubara H, Kakeji Y, Seto Y. Can minimally invasive esophagectomy replace open esophagectomy for esophageal cancer? Latest analysis of 24,233 esophagectomies from the Japanese National Clinical Database. Ann Surg 2020;272:118–124.CrossRefPubMed Yoshida N, Yamamoto H, Baba H, Miyata H, Watanabe M, Toh Y, Matsubara H, Kakeji Y, Seto Y. Can minimally invasive esophagectomy replace open esophagectomy for esophageal cancer? Latest analysis of 24,233 esophagectomies from the Japanese National Clinical Database. Ann Surg 2020;272:118–124.CrossRefPubMed
29.
go back to reference Fransen LFC, Berkelmans GHK, Asti E, van Berge Henegouwen MI, Berlth F, Bonavina L, Brown A, Bruns C, van Daele E, Gisbertz SS, Grimminger PP, Gutschow CA, Hannink G, Hölscher AH, Kauppi J, Lagarde SM, Mercer S, Moons J, Nafteux P, Nilsson M, Palazzo F, Pattyn P, Raptis DA, Räsanen J, Rosato EL, Rouvelas I, Schmidt HM, Schneider PM, Schröder W, van der Sluis PC, Wijnhoven BPL, Nieuwenhuijzen GAP, Luyer MDP; EsoBenchmark Collaborative. The effect of postoperative complications after minimally invasive esophagectomy on long-term survival: an international multicenter cohort study. Ann Surg 2021;274:e1129–e1137.CrossRef Fransen LFC, Berkelmans GHK, Asti E, van Berge Henegouwen MI, Berlth F, Bonavina L, Brown A, Bruns C, van Daele E, Gisbertz SS, Grimminger PP, Gutschow CA, Hannink G, Hölscher AH, Kauppi J, Lagarde SM, Mercer S, Moons J, Nafteux P, Nilsson M, Palazzo F, Pattyn P, Raptis DA, Räsanen J, Rosato EL, Rouvelas I, Schmidt HM, Schneider PM, Schröder W, van der Sluis PC, Wijnhoven BPL, Nieuwenhuijzen GAP, Luyer MDP; EsoBenchmark Collaborative. The effect of postoperative complications after minimally invasive esophagectomy on long-term survival: an international multicenter cohort study. Ann Surg 2021;274:e1129–e1137.CrossRef
30.
go back to reference Zhao L, Zhao G, Li J, Qu B, Shi S, Feng X, Feng H, Jiang J, Xue Q, He J. Calcification of arteries supplying the gastric tube increases the risk of anastomotic leakage after esophagectomy with cervical anastomosis. J Thorac Dis 2016;8:3551–3562.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Zhao L, Zhao G, Li J, Qu B, Shi S, Feng X, Feng H, Jiang J, Xue Q, He J. Calcification of arteries supplying the gastric tube increases the risk of anastomotic leakage after esophagectomy with cervical anastomosis. J Thorac Dis 2016;8:3551–3562.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
31.
go back to reference Maruyama S, Okamura A, Kanie Y, Sakamoto K, Fujiwara D, Kanamori J, Imamura Y, Watanabe M. Influence of damaged stomach on anastomotic leakage following cervical esophagogastrostomy in patients with esophageal cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2021;28:7240–7246.CrossRefPubMed Maruyama S, Okamura A, Kanie Y, Sakamoto K, Fujiwara D, Kanamori J, Imamura Y, Watanabe M. Influence of damaged stomach on anastomotic leakage following cervical esophagogastrostomy in patients with esophageal cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2021;28:7240–7246.CrossRefPubMed
32.
go back to reference Ito R, Kadota T, Murano T, Yoda Y, Hori K, Minamide T, Sato D, Yamamoto Y, Takashima K, Shinmura K, Ikematsu H, Yano T. Clinical features and risk factors of gastric cancer detected by esophagogastroduodenoscopy in esophageal cancer patients. Esophagus 2021;18:621–628.CrossRefPubMed Ito R, Kadota T, Murano T, Yoda Y, Hori K, Minamide T, Sato D, Yamamoto Y, Takashima K, Shinmura K, Ikematsu H, Yano T. Clinical features and risk factors of gastric cancer detected by esophagogastroduodenoscopy in esophageal cancer patients. Esophagus 2021;18:621–628.CrossRefPubMed
33.
go back to reference van de Ven SEM, Falger JM, Verhoeven RHA, Baatenburg de Jong RJ, Spaander MCW, Bruno MJ, Koch AD. Increased risk of second primary tumours in patients with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a nationwide study in a Western population. United European Gastroenterol J 2021;9:497–506.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral van de Ven SEM, Falger JM, Verhoeven RHA, Baatenburg de Jong RJ, Spaander MCW, Bruno MJ, Koch AD. Increased risk of second primary tumours in patients with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a nationwide study in a Western population. United European Gastroenterol J 2021;9:497–506.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
36.
go back to reference Liebermann-Meffert DMI, Meier R, Siewert JR. Vascular anatomy of the gastric tube used for esophageal reconstruction. Ann Thorac Surg 1992;54:1110–1115.CrossRefPubMed Liebermann-Meffert DMI, Meier R, Siewert JR. Vascular anatomy of the gastric tube used for esophageal reconstruction. Ann Thorac Surg 1992;54:1110–1115.CrossRefPubMed
37.
go back to reference Takeda FR, Cecconello I, Szachnowicz S, Tacconi MR, Gama-Rodrigues J. Anatomic study of gastric vascularization and its relationship to cervical gastroplasty. J Gastrointest Surg 2005;9:132–137.CrossRefPubMed Takeda FR, Cecconello I, Szachnowicz S, Tacconi MR, Gama-Rodrigues J. Anatomic study of gastric vascularization and its relationship to cervical gastroplasty. J Gastrointest Surg 2005;9:132–137.CrossRefPubMed
38.
go back to reference Kumagai Y, Hatano S, Sobajima J, Ishiguro T, Fukuchi M, Ishibashi KI, Mochiki E, Nakajima Y, Ishida H. Indocyanine green fluorescence angiography of the reconstructed gastric tube during esophagectomy: Efficacy of the 90-second rule. Dis Esophagus 2018;31:1–4.CrossRef Kumagai Y, Hatano S, Sobajima J, Ishiguro T, Fukuchi M, Ishibashi KI, Mochiki E, Nakajima Y, Ishida H. Indocyanine green fluorescence angiography of the reconstructed gastric tube during esophagectomy: Efficacy of the 90-second rule. Dis Esophagus 2018;31:1–4.CrossRef
39.
go back to reference Koyanagi K, Ozawa S, Ninomiya Y, Oguma J, Kazuno A, Yatabe K, Higuchi T, Yamamoto M. Association between indocyanine green fluorescence blood flow speed in the gastric conduit wall and superior mesenteric artery calcification: predictive significance for anastomotic leakage after esophagectomy. Esophagus 2021;18:248–257.CrossRefPubMed Koyanagi K, Ozawa S, Ninomiya Y, Oguma J, Kazuno A, Yatabe K, Higuchi T, Yamamoto M. Association between indocyanine green fluorescence blood flow speed in the gastric conduit wall and superior mesenteric artery calcification: predictive significance for anastomotic leakage after esophagectomy. Esophagus 2021;18:248–257.CrossRefPubMed
40.
go back to reference Chen L, Liu F, Wang K, Zou W. Omentoplasty in the prevention of anastomotic leakage after oesophagectomy: a meta-analysis. Eur J Surg Oncol 2014;40:1635–1640.CrossRefPubMed Chen L, Liu F, Wang K, Zou W. Omentoplasty in the prevention of anastomotic leakage after oesophagectomy: a meta-analysis. Eur J Surg Oncol 2014;40:1635–1640.CrossRefPubMed
41.
go back to reference Pierie JP, de Graaf PW, van Vroonhoven TJ, Obertop H. The vascularization of a gastric tube as a substitute for the esophagus is affected by its diameter. Dis Esophagus 1998;11:231–235.CrossRefPubMed Pierie JP, de Graaf PW, van Vroonhoven TJ, Obertop H. The vascularization of a gastric tube as a substitute for the esophagus is affected by its diameter. Dis Esophagus 1998;11:231–235.CrossRefPubMed
42.
go back to reference Heger P, Blank S, Diener MK, Ulrich A, Schmidt T, Büchler MW, Mihaljevic AL. Gastric preconditioning in advance of esophageal resection-systematic review and meta-analysis. J Gastrointest Surg 2017;21:1523–1532.CrossRefPubMed Heger P, Blank S, Diener MK, Ulrich A, Schmidt T, Büchler MW, Mihaljevic AL. Gastric preconditioning in advance of esophageal resection-systematic review and meta-analysis. J Gastrointest Surg 2017;21:1523–1532.CrossRefPubMed
43.
go back to reference Veen AV, Schiffmann LM, de Groot EM, Bartella I, de Jong PA, Borggreve AS, Brosens LAA, Santos DPD, Fuchs H, Ruurda JP, Bruns CJ, van Hillegersberg R, Schröder W. The ISCON-trial protocol: laparoscopic ischemic conditioning prior to esophagectomy in patients with esophageal cancer and arterial calcifications. BMC Cancer 2022;22:144.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Veen AV, Schiffmann LM, de Groot EM, Bartella I, de Jong PA, Borggreve AS, Brosens LAA, Santos DPD, Fuchs H, Ruurda JP, Bruns CJ, van Hillegersberg R, Schröder W. The ISCON-trial protocol: laparoscopic ischemic conditioning prior to esophagectomy in patients with esophageal cancer and arterial calcifications. BMC Cancer 2022;22:144.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
Metadata
Title
Ulcer Scarring in the Gastric Conduit Is a Risk Factor for Anastomotic Leakage After Esophagectomy for Esophageal Cancer
Authors
Daisuke Motegi
Hiroshi Ichikawa
Takeo Bamba
Yusuke Muneoka
Yosuke Kano
Kenji Usui
Takaaki Hanyu
Takashi Ishikawa
Yuki Hirose
Kohei Miura
Yosuke Tajima
Yoshifumi Shimada
Jun Sakata
Satoru Nakagawa
Shin-ichi Kosugi
Toshifumi Wakai
Publication date
12-12-2022
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery / Issue 2/2023
Print ISSN: 1091-255X
Electronic ISSN: 1873-4626
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11605-022-05545-0

Other articles of this Issue 2/2023

Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2/2023 Go to the issue