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Published in: Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 6/2018

01-06-2018 | Original Article

Do Drains Contribute to Pancreatic Fistulae? Analysis of over 5000 Pancreatectomy Patients

Authors: R. El Khoury, C. Kabir, V.K. Maker, M Banulescu, M. Wasserman, A.V. Maker

Published in: Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery | Issue 6/2018

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Abstract

Introduction

Conflicting evidence exists from randomized controlled trials supporting both increased complications/fistulae and improved outcomes with drain placement after pancreatectomy. The objective was to determine drain practice patterns in the USA, and to identify if drain placement was associated with fistula formation.

Methods

Demographic, perioperative, and patient outcome data were captured from the most recent annual NSQIP pancreatic demonstration project database, including components of the fistula risk score. Significant variables in univariate analysis were entered into adjusted logistic regression models.

Results

Of 5013 pancreatectomy patients, 4343 (87%) underwent drain placement and 18% of patients experienced a pancreatic fistula. When controlled for other factors, drain placement was associated with ducts < 3 mm, soft glands, and blood transfusion within 72 h of surgery. Age, obesity, neoadjuvant radiation, preoperative INR level, and malignant histology lost significance in the adjusted model. Drained patients experienced higher readmission rates (17 vs. 14%; p < 0.05) and increased (20 vs. 8%; p < 0.01) pancreatic fistulae. Fistula was associated with obesity, no neoadjuvant chemotherapy, drain placement, < 3 mm duct diameter, soft gland, and longer operative times. Drain placement remained independently associated with fistula after both distal pancreatectomy (OR = 2.84 (1.70, 4.75); p < 0.01) and pancreatoduodenectomy (OR = 2.29 (1.28, 4.11); p < 0.01).

Conclusions

Despite randomized controlled clinical trial data supporting no drain placement, drains are currently placed in the vast majority (87%) of pancreatectomy patients from > 100 institutions in the USA, particularly those with soft glands, small ducts, and perioperative blood transfusions. When these factors are controlled for, drain placement remains independently associated with fistulae after both distal and proximal pancreatectomy.
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Metadata
Title
Do Drains Contribute to Pancreatic Fistulae? Analysis of over 5000 Pancreatectomy Patients
Authors
R. El Khoury
C. Kabir
V.K. Maker
M Banulescu
M. Wasserman
A.V. Maker
Publication date
01-06-2018
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery / Issue 6/2018
Print ISSN: 1091-255X
Electronic ISSN: 1873-4626
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11605-018-3702-4

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