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Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery

Published in:

01-06-2016 | Review Article

Pharmacological management to prevent ileus in major abdominal surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Authors: T. M. Drake, A. E. Ward

Published in: Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery | Issue 6/2016

Abstract

Background

Prolonged ileus is a common complication following gastrointestinal surgery, with an incidence of up to 40 %. Investigations examining pharmacological treatment of ileus have proved largely disappointing; however, recently, several compounds have been shown to have benefited when used as prophylaxis to prevent ileus.

Objective

This review aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of compounds which have been recently developed or repurposed to reduce bowel recovery time, thereby preventing ileus.

Data sources

Data were taken from a systematic review of the MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library Databases, in addition to manual searching of reference lists up to April 2015. No limits were applied.

Study selection

Only randomized trials were eligible for inclusion.

Interventions

Opioid receptor antagonists, ghrelin receptor agonists and serotonin receptor agonists used for the prevention of postoperative ileus in gastrointestinal surgery.

Main outcome measures

Outcomes of time to first defecation, first flatus and composite bowel recovery endpoints (GI2 and GI3) were used to determine efficacy. Pooled treatment effects were presented as the standard mean difference or as hazard ratios alongside the corresponding 95 % confidence intervals. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias framework.

Results

A total of 17 studies were included in the final analysis. The μ-opioid receptor antagonist alvimopan and serotonin receptor agonists appeared to significantly shorten the duration of ileus. The use of Ghrelin receptor agonists did not appear to have any effect in five trials. No publication bias was detected.

Limitations

Most of the trials were poorly reported and of mixed quality. Future studies must focus on the development of a set of core outcomes.

Conclusions

There is evidence to make a strong recommendation for the use of alvimopan in major gastrointestinal surgery to reduce postoperative ileus. Further randomized trials are required to establish whether serotonin receptor agonists are of use. Identifying a low-cost compound to promote bowel recovery following surgery could reduce complications and shorten duration of hospital admissions.

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Title: Pharmacological management to prevent ileus in major abdominal surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: T. M. Drake
A. E. Ward
Publication date: 01-06-2016
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery / Issue 6/2016
Print ISSN: 1091-255X
Electronic ISSN: 1873-4626
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11605-016-3140-0

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Pharmacological management to prevent ileus in major abdominal surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Background

Objective

Data sources

Study selection

Interventions

Main outcome measures

Results

Limitations

Conclusions

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Background

Objective

Data sources

Study selection

Interventions

Main outcome measures

Results

Limitations

Conclusions

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