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Japanese Journal of Radiology
Published in: Japanese Journal of Radiology 4/2016

01-04-2016 | Review

Contribution of metals to brain MR signal intensity: review articles

Authors: Tomonori Kanda, Yudai Nakai, Shuri Aoki, Hiroshi Oba, Keiko Toyoda, Kazuhiro Kitajima, Shigeru Furui

Published in: Japanese Journal of Radiology | Issue 4/2016

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Abstract

Various metals are essential nutrients in humans, and metal shortages lead to a variety of deficiency diseases. Metal concentration abnormalities may cause metal deposition in the brain, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most potent and sensitive technique now available for detecting metal deposition given the difficulties associated with performing brain tissue biopsy. However, the brain contains many kinds of metals that affect the signal intensity of MRI, which has led to numerous misunderstandings in the history of metal analysis. We reviewed the history of brain metal analysis with histologic findings. Typically, manganese overload causes high signal intensity on T1-weighted images (T1WI) in the globus pallidus, iron overload causes low signal intensity in the globus pallidus on T2-weighted images, and gadolinium deposition causes high signal intensity in the dentate nucleus, globus pallidus, and pulvinar of thalamus on T1WI. However, because nonparamagnetic materials and other coexisting metals also affect the signal intensity of brain MRI, the quantitative analysis of metal concentrations is difficult. Thus, when analyzing metal deposition using MRI, caution should be exercised when interpreting the validity and reliability of the obtained data.
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Metadata
Title
Contribution of metals to brain MR signal intensity: review articles
Authors
Tomonori Kanda
Yudai Nakai
Shuri Aoki
Hiroshi Oba
Keiko Toyoda
Kazuhiro Kitajima
Shigeru Furui
Publication date
01-04-2016
Publisher
Springer Japan
Published in
Japanese Journal of Radiology / Issue 4/2016
Print ISSN: 1867-1071
Electronic ISSN: 1867-108X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11604-016-0532-8

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Incidence of elbow injuries in adolescent baseball players: screening by a low field magnetic resonance imaging system specialized for small joints

Review

A comprehensive review of imaging findings in human cysticercosis

Original Article

Utility of dual source CT with ECG-triggered high-pitch spiral acquisition (Flash Spiral Cardio mode) to evaluate morphological features of ventricles in children with complex congenital heart defects

Case Report

A case of tubulocystic carcinoma of the kidney with aggressive features

Original Article

Chemoradiotherapy for localized extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type, using a shrinking-field radiation strategy: multi-institutional experience