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Published in: International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery 1/2017

Open Access 01-01-2017 | Original Article

Automated multiple trajectory planning algorithm for the placement of stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) electrodes in epilepsy treatment

Authors: Rachel Sparks, Gergely Zombori, Roman Rodionov, Mark Nowell, Sjoerd B. Vos, Maria A. Zuluaga, Beate Diehl, Tim Wehner, Anna Miserocchi, Andrew W. McEvoy, John S. Duncan, Sebastien Ourselin

Published in: International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery | Issue 1/2017

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Abstract

Purpose

About one-third of individuals with focal epilepsy continue to have seizures despite optimal medical management. These patients are potentially curable with neurosurgery if the epileptogenic zone (EZ) can be identified and resected. Stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) to record epileptic activity with intracranial depth electrodes may be required to identify the EZ. Each SEEG electrode trajectory, the path between the entry on the skull and the cerebral target, must be planned carefully to avoid trauma to blood vessels and conflicts between electrodes. In current clinical practice trajectories are determined manually, typically taking 2–3 h per patient (15 min per electrode). Manual planning (MP) aims to achieve an implantation plan with good coverage of the putative EZ, an optimal spatial resolution, and 3D distribution of electrodes. Computer-assisted planning tools can reduce planning time by quantifying trajectory suitability.

Methods

We present an automated multiple trajectory planning (MTP) algorithm to compute implantation plans. MTP uses dynamic programming to determine a set of plans. From this set a depth-first search algorithm finds a suitable plan. We compared our MTP algorithm to (a) MP and (b) an automated single trajectory planning (STP) algorithm on 18 patient plans containing 165 electrodes.

Results

MTP changed all 165 trajectories compared to MP. Changes resulted in lower risk (122), increased grey matter sampling (99), shorter length (92), and surgically preferred entry angles (113). MTP changed 42 % (69/165) trajectories compared to STP. Every plan had between 1 to 8 (median 3.5) trajectories changed to resolve electrode conflicts, resulting in surgically preferred plans.

Conclusion

MTP is computationally efficient, determining implantation plans containing 7–12 electrodes within 1 min, compared to 2–3 h for MP.
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Metadata
Title
Automated multiple trajectory planning algorithm for the placement of stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) electrodes in epilepsy treatment
Authors
Rachel Sparks
Gergely Zombori
Roman Rodionov
Mark Nowell
Sjoerd B. Vos
Maria A. Zuluaga
Beate Diehl
Tim Wehner
Anna Miserocchi
Andrew W. McEvoy
John S. Duncan
Sebastien Ourselin
Publication date
01-01-2017
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Published in
International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery / Issue 1/2017
Print ISSN: 1861-6410
Electronic ISSN: 1861-6429
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11548-016-1452-x

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