Skip to main content
Top
Published in: International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction 6/2021

01-12-2021 | COVID-19 | Letter to the Editor

Assessing Psychological Response to the COVID-19: The Fear of COVID-19 Scale and the COVID Stress Scales

Authors: Amir H. Pakpour, Mark D. Griffiths, Chung-Ying Lin

Published in: International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction | Issue 6/2021

Login to get access

Excerpt

The threat of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been well acknowledged and its impacts on individuals’ psychological responses have been empirically reported (e.g., Bhuiyan et al. 2020; Qiu et al. 2020; Wang et al. 2020). Such psychological responses, especially anxiety and fear, are important factors for an individual’s behaviors. Taylor (2019) indicated that low levels of anxiety may lead to reluctant prevention behaviors (e.g., handwashing) and high level of anxiety may lead to socially disruptive behaviors (e.g., panic buying) (Taylor et al. 2020; Lin 2020). Therefore, there is a need for healthcare providers to have a valid instrument to assess an individual’s psychological responses specifically toward COVID-19 during the pandemic (Taylor et al. 2020). …
Literature
go back to reference Ahorsu, D. K., Lin, C. Y., Imani, V., Saffari, M., Griffiths, M. D., & Pakpour, A. H. (2020). The fear of COVID-19 scale: Development and initial validation. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00270-8. Ahorsu, D. K., Lin, C. Y., Imani, V., Saffari, M., Griffiths, M. D., & Pakpour, A. H. (2020). The fear of COVID-19 scale: Development and initial validation. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. Advance online publication. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​s11469-020-00270-8.
go back to reference Bhuiyan, A. I., Sakib, N., Pakpour, A. H., Griffiths, M. D., & Mamun, M. A. (2020). COVID-19-related suicides in Bangladesh due to lockdown and economic factors: Case study evidence. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00307-y. Bhuiyan, A. I., Sakib, N., Pakpour, A. H., Griffiths, M. D., & Mamun, M. A. (2020). COVID-19-related suicides in Bangladesh due to lockdown and economic factors: Case study evidence. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. Advance online publication. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​s11469-020-00307-y.
go back to reference Lin, C.-Y., Hwang, J.-S., Wang, W.-C., Lai, W.-W., Su, W.-C., Wu, T.-Y., Yao, G., & Wang, J.-D. (2019). Psychometric evaluation of the WHOQOL-BREF, Taiwan version, across five kinds of Taiwanese cancer survivors: Rasch analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association, 118, 215–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfma.2018.03.018.CrossRefPubMed Lin, C.-Y., Hwang, J.-S., Wang, W.-C., Lai, W.-W., Su, W.-C., Wu, T.-Y., Yao, G., & Wang, J.-D. (2019). Psychometric evaluation of the WHOQOL-BREF, Taiwan version, across five kinds of Taiwanese cancer survivors: Rasch analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association, 118, 215–222. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​j.​jfma.​2018.​03.​018.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Pakpour, A. H., & Griffiths, M. D. (2020). The fear of COVID-19 and its role in preventive behaviors. Journal of Concurrent Disorders, 2(1), 58–63. Pakpour, A. H., & Griffiths, M. D. (2020). The fear of COVID-19 and its role in preventive behaviors. Journal of Concurrent Disorders, 2(1), 58–63.
go back to reference Reznik, A., Gritsenko, V., Konstantinov, V., Khamenka, N., & Isralowitz, R. (2020). COVID-19 fear in Eastern Europe: Validation of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00283-3. Reznik, A., Gritsenko, V., Konstantinov, V., Khamenka, N., & Isralowitz, R. (2020). COVID-19 fear in Eastern Europe: Validation of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. Advance online publication. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​s11469-020-00283-3.
go back to reference Sakib, N., Mamun, M. A., Bhuiyan, A. K. M. I., Hossain, S., Mamun, F. A., Hosen, I., et al. (2020). Psychometric validation of the Bangla Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Confirmatory factor analysis and Rasch analysis. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00289-x. Sakib, N., Mamun, M. A., Bhuiyan, A. K. M. I., Hossain, S., Mamun, F. A., Hosen, I., et al. (2020). Psychometric validation of the Bangla Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Confirmatory factor analysis and Rasch analysis. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. Advance online publication. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​s11469-020-00289-x.
go back to reference Satici, B., Gocet-Tekin, E., Deniz, M. E., & Satici, S. A. (2020). Adaptation of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Its association with psychological distress and life satisfaction in Turkey. International Journal of Mental Health Addiction. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00294-0. Satici, B., Gocet-Tekin, E., Deniz, M. E., & Satici, S. A. (2020). Adaptation of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Its association with psychological distress and life satisfaction in Turkey. International Journal of Mental Health Addiction. Advance online publication. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​s11469-020-00294-0.
go back to reference Soraci, P., Ferrari, A., Abbiati, F. A., Del Fante, E., De Pace, R., Griffiths, U. A., & M.D. (2020). Validation and psychometric evaluation of the Italian version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00277-1. Soraci, P., Ferrari, A., Abbiati, F. A., Del Fante, E., De Pace, R., Griffiths, U. A., & M.D. (2020). Validation and psychometric evaluation of the Italian version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. Advance online publication. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​s11469-020-00277-1.
go back to reference Taylor, S. (2019). The psychology of pandemics: Preparing for the next global outbreak of infectious disease. Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. Taylor, S. (2019). The psychology of pandemics: Preparing for the next global outbreak of infectious disease. Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
go back to reference Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., Ho, C. S., & Ho, R. C. (2020). Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17, 1729. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051729. Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., Ho, C. S., & Ho, R. C. (2020). Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17, 1729. https://​doi.​org/​10.​3390/​ijerph17051729.
Metadata
Title
Assessing Psychological Response to the COVID-19: The Fear of COVID-19 Scale and the COVID Stress Scales
Authors
Amir H. Pakpour
Mark D. Griffiths
Chung-Ying Lin
Publication date
01-12-2021
Publisher
Springer US
Keywords
COVID-19
Anxiety
Published in
International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction / Issue 6/2021
Print ISSN: 1557-1874
Electronic ISSN: 1557-1882
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00334-9

Other articles of this Issue 6/2021

International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction 6/2021 Go to the issue