Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Psychiatric Quarterly
Published in: Psychiatric Quarterly 2/2008

01-06-2008 | Original Research

Professionals’ Attitudes Toward Reducing Restraint: The Case of Seclusion in The Netherlands

Authors: Marjan van Doeselaar, Peter Sleegers, Giel Hutschemaekers

Published in: Psychiatric Quarterly | Issue 2/2008

Login to get access

Abstract

Introduction

Despite public opinion and policy interventions, restraint remains a common practice. This is also the case in the Netherlands, where projects aimed to reduce seclusion, have not lead to a decreased use of restraint. Is this lack of effectiveness related to attitudes of the professionals? The aim of this study was to explore the attitudes of professionals working in mental health care toward restraint.

Method

A questionnaire with eight scales was constructed for measuring attitudes of professionals. Scores of 540 professionals were studied, using analysis of variance and cluster analysis and related to several personnel and organizational characteristics.

Results

The more professionals were personally involved in seclusion, the more they believed in it. Three types of professionals were identified: Transformers, Doubters and Maintainers. More than half of the psychiatrists (56%) belonged to the type of maintainers. Nurses were more divided.

Conclusion

Professionals working in clinical settings are not really opposed to restraint. This could explain the limited effects of innovation projects.
Literature
1.
Harding T: Human rights law in the field of mental health: a critical review. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 101(suppl.399):24–30, 2000CrossRef
2.
Nelstrop L, Chandler-Oatts J, Bingley W, et al.: A systematic review of the safety and effectiveness of restraint and seclusion as interventions for the short-term management of violence in adult psychiatric inpatient settings and emergency departments. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing 3:8–18, 2006PubMedCrossRef
3.
Pollard R, Yanasak E, Rogers S, et al.: Organizational and unit factors contributing to reduction in the use of seclusion and restraint procedures on an acute psychiatric inpatient unit. Psychiatric Quarterly 78:73–81, 2007PubMedCrossRef
4.
Janssen W, Hutschemaekers G, Lendemeijer B: Dwang cijfermatig in beeld (Numbers of restraints). In: Abma T, Widdershoven G, Lendemeijer B (Eds) Dwang en drang in de psychiatrie (Restraint and coercion in mental health). Utrecht, Lemma, 2005
5.
Poulsen H, Engberg M: Validation of psychiatric patients’ statements on coercive measures. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 103:60–65, 2001PubMedCrossRef
6.
Bowers L, van der Werf B, Vokkolainen A, et al.: International variation in containment measures for disturbed psychiatric inpatients: A comparative questionnaire survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies 44:357–364, 2007PubMedCrossRef
7.
Nijman H, Palmstierna T, Almvik R, et al.: Fifteen years of research with the Staff Observation Aggression Scale: a review. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 111:12–21, 2005PubMedCrossRef
8.
Abma T, Widdershoven G, Lendemeijer B (Eds) Dwang en drang in de psychiatrie (Restraint and coercion in mental health). Utrecht, Lemma, 2005
9.
Dutch Health Care Inspectorate: Jaarbericht 2005 (Annual report 2005) Den Haag, Inspectie voor de volksgezondheid, 2006
10.
Keski-Valkama A, Sailas E, Eronen M, et al.: A 15-year national follow-up: legalisation is not enough to reduce the use of seclusion and restraint. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 42:747–752, 2007PubMedCrossRef
11.
Sailas E, Wahlbeck K: Restraint and seclusion in psychiatric inpatient wards. Current Opinion in Psychiatry 18:555–559, 2005PubMedCrossRef
12.
Meehan T, Bergen H, Fjeldsoe K: Staff and patients perceptions of seclusion: has anything changed? Journal of Advanced Nursing 47:33–38, 2004PubMedCrossRef
13.
Salize H, Dressing H: Coercion, involuntary treatment and quality of mental health care: is there any link? Current Opinion in Psychiatry 18:576–584, 2005PubMedCrossRef
14.
Griffiths L: Does seclusion have a role to play in modern mental health nursing? British Journal of Nursing 10:656–661, 2001PubMed
15.
Heyman E: Seclusion. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing 25:9–12, 1987
16.
Fisher W: Restraint and seclusion: a review of the literature. American Journal of Psychiatry 151:1584–1591, 1994PubMed
17.
18.
Jolliffe I: Principal component analysis, 2nd ed. New York, Springer, 2002
19.
Lind M, Kaltiala-Heino R, Suominen T, et al.: Nurses’ ethical perceptions about coercion. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing 11:379–385, 2004PubMedCrossRef
20.
Olofsson B, Norberg A: Experiences of coercion in psychiatric care as narrated by patients, nurses and physicians. Journal of Advanced Nursing 33:89–97, 2001PubMedCrossRef
21.
22.
Wynaden D, Orb A, McGowan S, et al.: The use of seclusion in the year 2000: what has changed? Collegian 8:19–25, 2001PubMed
23.
Lendemeijer B: Seclusion in psychiatry: aspects of decision making. Utrecht, Academic Dissertation Utrecht University, 2000
24.
Olofsson B, Gilje F, Jacobsson L, et al.: Nurses’ narratives about coercion in psychiatric care. Journal of Advanced Nursing 28:45–53, 1998PubMedCrossRef
25.
26.
Spijker J, de Ruiter G, de Blok H, et al.: De rol van psychiaters bij separeren (The role of psychiatrists toward seclusion). Maandblad geestelijke volksgezondheid 60:1084–1094, 2005
27.
Callaly T, Minas H: Reflections on clinician leadership and management in mental health. Australasian Psychiatry 13:27–32, 2005PubMedCrossRef
28.
Zinkler M, Priebe S: Detention of the mentally ill in Europe—a review. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 106:3–8, 2002PubMedCrossRef
29.
Stolker J, Hugenholtz G, Heerdink E, et al.: Seclusion and the use of antipsychotics in hospitalized psychiatric patients. Psychology, Crime & Law 11:489–495, 2005CrossRef
30.
Allen M, Currier G, Hughes D, et al.: Treatment of behavioral emergencies: a summery of the expert consensus guidelines. Journal of Psychiatric Practice 9:16–38, 2003PubMedCrossRef
31.
32.
Davison S: The management of violence in general psychiatry. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 11:362–370, 2005CrossRef
33.
Wynn R: Staff’s attitudes to the use of restraint and seclusion in a Norwegian university psychiatric hospital. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry 57:453–459, 2003PubMedCrossRef
34.
McCue R, Urcuyo L, Lilu Y, et al.: Reducing restraint use in a public psychiatric inpatient service. Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research 31:217–225, 2004
35.
Sullivan A, Bezmen J, Barron C, et al.: Reducing restraints: alternatives to restraint on an inpatient psychiatric service—utilizing safe and effective methods to evaluate and treat the violent patient. Psychiatric Quarterly 76:51–65, 2005PubMedCrossRef
36.
Fisher W: Elements of successful restraint and seclusion reduction programs and their application in a large, urban, state psychiatric hospital. Journal of Psychiatric Practice 9:7–15, 2003PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Professionals’ Attitudes Toward Reducing Restraint: The Case of Seclusion in The Netherlands
Authors
Marjan van Doeselaar
Peter Sleegers
Giel Hutschemaekers
Publication date
01-06-2008
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Psychiatric Quarterly / Issue 2/2008
Print ISSN: 0033-2720
Electronic ISSN: 1573-6709
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11126-007-9063-x

Other articles of this Issue 2/2008

Psychiatric Quarterly 2/2008 Go to the issue

Original Paper

Reducing Inpatient Aggression: Does Paying Attention Pay Off?

Original Paper

Examining Harry Thaw’s “Brain-Storm” Defense: APA and ANA Presidents as Expert Witnesses in a 1907 Trial

Original Paper

Comparison of Clozapine Response for Inpatients in the Research Setting Versus Routine Clinical Practice

Original Paper

Efficacy of Couple Therapy as a Treatment for Depression: A Meta-Analysis

Erratum

The Use of Data to Assist in the Design of a New Service System for Homeless Veterans in New York City

Original Paper

Both Atomoxetine and Stimulants Improve Quality of Life in an ADHD Population Treated in a Community Clinic