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01-04-2013

Latent Class Analysis: An Alternative Perspective on Subgroup Analysis in Prevention and Treatment

Authors: Stephanie T. Lanza, Brittany L. Rhoades

Published in: Prevention Science | Issue 2/2013

Abstract

The overall goal of this study is to introduce latent class analysis (LCA) as an alternative approach to latent subgroup analysis. Traditionally, subgroup analysis aims to determine whether individuals respond differently to a treatment based on one or more measured characteristics. LCA provides a way to identify a small set of underlying subgroups characterized by multiple dimensions which could, in turn, be used to examine differential treatment effects. This approach can help to address methodological challenges that arise in subgroup analysis, including a high Type I error rate, low statistical power, and limitations in examining higher-order interactions. An empirical example draws on N = 1,900 adolescents from the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent Health. Six characteristics (household poverty, single-parent status, peer cigarette use, peer alcohol use, neighborhood unemployment, and neighborhood poverty) are used to identify five latent subgroups: Low Risk, Peer Risk, Economic Risk, Household & Peer Risk, and Multi-Contextual Risk. Two approaches for examining differential treatment effects are demonstrated using a simulated outcome: 1) a classify-analyze approach and, 2) a model-based approach based on a reparameterization of the LCA with covariates model. Such approaches can facilitate targeting future intervention resources to subgroups that promise to show the maximum treatment response.

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Title: Latent Class Analysis: An Alternative Perspective on Subgroup Analysis in Prevention and Treatment
Authors: Stephanie T. Lanza
Brittany L. Rhoades
Publication date: 01-04-2013
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: Prevention Science / Issue 2/2013
Print ISSN: 1389-4986
Electronic ISSN: 1573-6695
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-011-0201-1

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