Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Journal of Religion and Health 3/2017

01-06-2017 | Original Paper

The Spiritual and Theological Challenges of Stillbirth for Bereaved Parents

Authors: Daniel Nuzum, Sarah Meaney, Keelin O’Donoghue

Published in: Journal of Religion and Health | Issue 3/2017

Login to get access

Abstract

Stillbirth is recognized as one of the most challenging experiences of bereavement raising significant spiritual and theological questions. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with bereaved parents cared for in a tertiary maternity hospital to explore the spiritual impact of stillbirth. Data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Stillbirth was identified as an immensely challenging spiritual and personal experience with enduring impact for parents. The superordinate themes to emerge were searching for meaning, maintaining hope and questioning core beliefs. Most parents reported that their spiritual needs were not adequately addressed while in hospital. The faith of all parents was challenged with only one parent experiencing a stronger faith following stillbirth. This study reveals the depth of spiritual struggle for parents bereaved following stillbirth with a recommendation that spiritual care is provided as part of comprehensive perinatal bereavement care in the obstetric setting.
Literature
go back to reference Ballard, P., & Pritchard, J. (2006). Practical theology in action (2nd ed.). London: SPCK. Ballard, P., & Pritchard, J. (2006). Practical theology in action (2nd ed.). London: SPCK.
go back to reference Biggerstaff, D., & Thompson, A. R. (2008). Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA): A qualitative methodology of choice in healthcare research. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 5(3), 214–224. doi:10.1080/14780880802314304.CrossRef Biggerstaff, D., & Thompson, A. R. (2008). Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA): A qualitative methodology of choice in healthcare research. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 5(3), 214–224. doi:10.​1080/​1478088080231430​4.CrossRef
go back to reference Burden, C., Bradley, S., Storey, C., Ellis, A., Heazell, A. E., Downe, S., et al. (2016). From grief, guilt pain and stigma to hope and pride—a systematic review and meta-analysis of mixed-method research of the psychosocial impact of stillbirth. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 16, 9. doi:10.1186/s12884-016-0800-8.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Burden, C., Bradley, S., Storey, C., Ellis, A., Heazell, A. E., Downe, S., et al. (2016). From grief, guilt pain and stigma to hope and pride—a systematic review and meta-analysis of mixed-method research of the psychosocial impact of stillbirth. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 16, 9. doi:10.​1186/​s12884-016-0800-8.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Cacciatore, J., & Ong, R. (2011). Through the touch of god: Child death and spiritual sustenance in a Hutterian colony. Omega (Westport), 64(3), 185–202.CrossRef Cacciatore, J., & Ong, R. (2011). Through the touch of god: Child death and spiritual sustenance in a Hutterian colony. Omega (Westport), 64(3), 185–202.CrossRef
go back to reference Condon, J. T., & Corkindale, C. (1997). The correlates of antenatal attachment in pregnant women. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 70(4), 359–372.CrossRefPubMed Condon, J. T., & Corkindale, C. (1997). The correlates of antenatal attachment in pregnant women. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 70(4), 359–372.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Cooper-White, P. (2012). Suffering. In B. J. Miller-McLemore (Ed.), The Wiley-Blackwell companion to practical theology (p. 626). Chichester: Wiley. Cooper-White, P. (2012). Suffering. In B. J. Miller-McLemore (Ed.), The Wiley-Blackwell companion to practical theology (p. 626). Chichester: Wiley.
go back to reference Cowchock, F. S., Ellestad, S. E., Meador, K. G., Koenig, H. G., Hooten, E. G., & Swamy, G. K. (2011). Religiosity is an important part of coping with grief in pregnancy after a traumatic second trimester loss. Journal of Religion and Health, 50(4), 901–910. doi:10.1007/s10943-011-9528-y.CrossRefPubMed Cowchock, F. S., Ellestad, S. E., Meador, K. G., Koenig, H. G., Hooten, E. G., & Swamy, G. K. (2011). Religiosity is an important part of coping with grief in pregnancy after a traumatic second trimester loss. Journal of Religion and Health, 50(4), 901–910. doi:10.​1007/​s10943-011-9528-y.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Flenady, V., Boyle, F., Koopmans, L., Wilson, T., Stones, W., & Cacciatore, J. (2014). Meeting the needs of parents after a stillbirth or neonatal death. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 121(S 4), 137–140. doi:10.1111/1471-0528.13009.CrossRef Flenady, V., Boyle, F., Koopmans, L., Wilson, T., Stones, W., & Cacciatore, J. (2014). Meeting the needs of parents after a stillbirth or neonatal death. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 121(S 4), 137–140. doi:10.​1111/​1471-0528.​13009.CrossRef
go back to reference Green, L. (2009). Let’s do theology resources for contextual theology. London: Mowbray. Green, L. (2009). Let’s do theology resources for contextual theology. London: Mowbray.
go back to reference Jones, L. S. (2001). Hope deferred: Theological reflections on reproductive loss (infertility, miscarriage, stillbirth)*. Modern Theology, 17(2), 227.CrossRef Jones, L. S. (2001). Hope deferred: Theological reflections on reproductive loss (infertility, miscarriage, stillbirth)*. Modern Theology, 17(2), 227.CrossRef
go back to reference Kelly, E. R. (2007). Marking short lives: Constructing and sharing rituals following pregnancy loss. Bern: Peter Lang AG. Kelly, E. R. (2007). Marking short lives: Constructing and sharing rituals following pregnancy loss. Bern: Peter Lang AG.
go back to reference Kelly, E. (2012). Personhood and presence. In Self as a resource for spiritual and pastoral care (p. 209). London: T & T Clark International. Kelly, E. (2012). Personhood and presence. In Self as a resource for spiritual and pastoral care (p. 209). London: T & T Clark International.
go back to reference Leon, I. G. (1990). When a baby dies: psychotherapy for pregnancy and newborn loss. Newhaven: Yale University Press. Leon, I. G. (1990). When a baby dies: psychotherapy for pregnancy and newborn loss. Newhaven: Yale University Press.
go back to reference Leoni, L. C., Woods, J. R., & Woods, J. E. (1998). Caring for patients after pregnancy loss. AWHONN Lifelines, 2(1), 56–58.CrossRefPubMed Leoni, L. C., Woods, J. R., & Woods, J. E. (1998). Caring for patients after pregnancy loss. AWHONN Lifelines, 2(1), 56–58.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Lumley, J. M. (1982). Attitudes to the fetus among primigravidae. Australian Paediatric Journal, 18(2), 106–109.PubMed Lumley, J. M. (1982). Attitudes to the fetus among primigravidae. Australian Paediatric Journal, 18(2), 106–109.PubMed
go back to reference Newitt, M. (2015). Chaplaincy support to bereaved parents-Part 1: Liturgy, ritual and pastoral presence. Health and Social Care Chaplaincy, 2(2), 179–194.CrossRef Newitt, M. (2015). Chaplaincy support to bereaved parents-Part 1: Liturgy, ritual and pastoral presence. Health and Social Care Chaplaincy, 2(2), 179–194.CrossRef
go back to reference NRSV Anglicized Bible. (1998). Oxford: Oxford University Press. NRSV Anglicized Bible. (1998). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
go back to reference Nuzum, D., Meaney, S., O’Donoghue, K., & Morris, H. (2015a). The spiritual and theological issues raised by stillbirth for healthcare chaplains. Journal of Pastoral Care & Counseling, 69(3), 163–170. doi:10.1177/1542305015602714. Nuzum, D., Meaney, S., O’Donoghue, K., & Morris, H. (2015a). The spiritual and theological issues raised by stillbirth for healthcare chaplains. Journal of Pastoral Care & Counseling, 69(3), 163–170. doi:10.​1177/​1542305015602714​.
go back to reference Nuzum, D., Meaney, S., & O’Donoghue, K. (2014a). The impact of stillbirth on consultant obstetrician gynaecologists: A qualitative study. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 121(8), 1020–1028. doi:10.1111/1471-0528.12695.CrossRef Nuzum, D., Meaney, S., & O’Donoghue, K. (2014a). The impact of stillbirth on consultant obstetrician gynaecologists: A qualitative study. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 121(8), 1020–1028. doi:10.​1111/​1471-0528.​12695.CrossRef
go back to reference Nuzum, D., Meaney, S., & O’Donoghue, K. (2014b). The spiritual impact of death on consultant obstetricians following stillbirth. Journal of Palliative Care, 30(3), 244–245. Nuzum, D., Meaney, S., & O’Donoghue, K. (2014b). The spiritual impact of death on consultant obstetricians following stillbirth. Journal of Palliative Care, 30(3), 244–245.
go back to reference Nuzum, D., Meaney, S., & O’Donoghue, K. (2015b). The place of faith for consultant obstetricians following stillbirth: A qualitative exploratory study. Journal of Religion and Health. doi:10.1007/s10943-015-0077-7. Nuzum, D., Meaney, S., & O’Donoghue, K. (2015b). The place of faith for consultant obstetricians following stillbirth: A qualitative exploratory study. Journal of Religion and Health. doi:10.​1007/​s10943-015-0077-7.
go back to reference Pierce, B. (2003). Miscarriage and stillbirth: the changing response. Dublin: Veritas & SPCK. Pierce, B. (2003). Miscarriage and stillbirth: the changing response. Dublin: Veritas & SPCK.
go back to reference Puchalski, C. M. (2010). Formal and informal spiritual assessment. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 11, 51–58.PubMed Puchalski, C. M. (2010). Formal and informal spiritual assessment. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 11, 51–58.PubMed
go back to reference Puchalski, C., & Ferrell, B. (2010). Making healthcare whole. Integrating spirituality into patient care. West Conshohoken: Templeton Press. Puchalski, C., & Ferrell, B. (2010). Making healthcare whole. Integrating spirituality into patient care. West Conshohoken: Templeton Press.
go back to reference Smith, J. A., Flowers, P., & Larkin, M. (2009). Interpretative phenomonological analysis: Theory, method, research. London: Sage. Smith, J. A., Flowers, P., & Larkin, M. (2009). Interpretative phenomonological analysis: Theory, method, research. London: Sage.
go back to reference Tsartsara, E., & Johnson, M. P. (2006). The impact of miscarriage on women’s pregnancy-specific anxiety and feelings of prenatal maternal-fetal attachment during the course of a subsequent pregnancy: An exploratory follow-up study. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynecology, 27(3), 173–182.CrossRefPubMed Tsartsara, E., & Johnson, M. P. (2006). The impact of miscarriage on women’s pregnancy-specific anxiety and feelings of prenatal maternal-fetal attachment during the course of a subsequent pregnancy: An exploratory follow-up study. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynecology, 27(3), 173–182.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Worden, J. (2009). Grief counselling and grief therapy (4th ed.). New York: Springer. Worden, J. (2009). Grief counselling and grief therapy (4th ed.). New York: Springer.
Metadata
Title
The Spiritual and Theological Challenges of Stillbirth for Bereaved Parents
Authors
Daniel Nuzum
Sarah Meaney
Keelin O’Donoghue
Publication date
01-06-2017
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Journal of Religion and Health / Issue 3/2017
Print ISSN: 0022-4197
Electronic ISSN: 1573-6571
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-017-0365-5

Other articles of this Issue 3/2017

Journal of Religion and Health 3/2017 Go to the issue