Top

Published in:

Open Access 01-10-2015 | Original Paper

Multidimensional Approach Toward Spiritual Coping: Construction and Validation of the Spiritual Coping Questionnaire (SCQ)

Author: Edyta Charzyńska

Published in: Journal of Religion and Health | Issue 5/2015

Abstract

The aim of the research was to construct the Spiritual Coping Questionnaire (SCQ). Two studies have been carried out: the first on the sample of 1,296 persons facing stressful situations, and the second, on 352 persons undergoing alcohol addiction therapy. The first study provided data for PCA and CFA, calculation of internal consistency, test–retest reliability and descriptive statistics of the questionnaire. The second study allowed the author to verify the construct and criterion validity of the tool. The final version of the SCQ is composed of 32 items constituting two scales: positive and negative spiritual coping. The scale of positive spiritual coping includes four subscales—domains (personal, social, environmental and religious), and the scale of negative spiritual coping, three subscales (personal, social and religious). The validity and reliability of the tool are satisfactory. The questionnaire can be used to measure spiritual coping, both among religious and non-religious people.

Atchley, R. (2009). Spirituality and aging. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Baldacchino, D. R., & Buhagiar, A. (2003). Psychometric evaluation of the Spiritual Coping Strategies Scale in English, Maltese, back-translation and bilingual versions. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 42, 558–570.CrossRefPubMed

Bearon, L. B., & Koenig, H. G. (1990). Religious cognitions and use of prayer in health and illness. Gerontologist, 30, 249–253.CrossRefPubMed

Charzyńska, E., & Heszen, I. (2013). Zdolność do wybaczania i jej pomiar przy pomocy polskiej adaptacji Skali Wybaczania L. L. Toussainta, D. R. Williamsa, M. A. Musicka i S. A. Everson [The capacity to forgive and its measurement with the Polish adaptation of The Forgiveness Scale L. L. Toussaint, D. R. Williams, M. A. Musick and S. A. Everson]. Psychological Review, 56, 423–446.

Chiu, L., Emblen, J. D., Van Hofwegen, L., Sawatzky, R., & Meyerhoff, H. (2004). An integrative review of the concept of spirituality in the health sciences. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 26, 405–428.CrossRefPubMed

Davie, G., & Vincent, J. (1998). Progress report: Religion and old age. Ageing and Society, 18, 101–110.CrossRef

Emmons, R. A. (1999). The psychology of ultimate concerns. New York, NY: Guilford Press.

Fisher, J. W. (2011). The four domains model: Connecting spirituality, health and well-being. Religions, 2, 17–28.CrossRef

Gatignon, H. (2010). Statistical analysis of management data. New York, NY: Springer.CrossRef

George, L. K., Larson, D. B., Koenig, H. G., & McCullough, M. E. (2000). Spirituality and health: What we know, what we need to know. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 19, 102–116.CrossRef

Heszen-Niejodek, I., & Gruszczyńska, E. (2004). Wymiar duchowy człowieka, jego znaczenie w psychologii zdrowia i pomiar [Spirituality as a human dimension, its importance in health psychology, and its measurement]. Psychological Review, 47, 15–31.

Hill, P. C., Pargament, K. I., Hood, R. W, Jr, McCullough, M. E., Swyers, J. P., Larson, D. B., et al. (2000). Conceptualizing religion and spirituality: Points of commonality, points of departure. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 30, 51–77.CrossRef

Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1–55.CrossRef

Jarosz, M. (2011). Skala Religijnego Radzenia Sobie – wersja skrócona (Brief RCOPE). [Religious Coping Scale – Brief RCOPE). In M. Jarosz (Ed.), Psychologiczny pomiar religijności (pp. 293–316). Lublin: Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL.

Klaassen, D. W., McDonald, M. J., & James, S. (2006). Advance in the study of religious and spiritual coping. In P. T. P. Wong & L. C. J. Wong (Eds.), Handbook of multicultural perspectives on stress and coping (pp. 105–132). Dallas, TX: Springer.CrossRef

Koenig, H. G. (1994). Aging and God: Spiritual pathways to mental health in midlife and later years. New York, NY: Haworth Press.

Kossakowska, M., & Kwiatek, P. (2012, April). Polska wersja kwestionariusza GQ-6 do badania wdzięczności w badaniach nad duchowością [Polish version of the GQ-6 to measure gratitude in research on spirituality]. Paper presented at the I International Conference “Science, Human Religiousness and Spirituality”, Gdańsk, Poland.

Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York, NY: Springer.

Lewis, L. (2008). Spiritual assessment in African-Americans: A review of measures of spirituality used in health psychology. Journal of Religion and Health, 47, 458–475.CrossRefPubMed

Luckmann, T. (1967). The invisible religion: The problem of religion in modern society. New York, NY: Macmillan.

Martsolf, D., & Mickey, J. (1998). The concept of spirituality in nursing theories: Differing world-views and extent of focus. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 27, 294–303.CrossRefPubMed

McCarroll, P., O’Connor, T. St. J., & Meakes, E. (2005). Assessing plurality in spirituality definitions. In A. Meier, T. J. O’Connor, & P. L. Van Katwyk (Eds.), Spirituality and health: Multidisciplinary explorations (pp. 43–61). Waterloo, ON: Wilfrid Laurier University Press.

McConnell, K., Pargament, K. I., Ellison, C. G., & Flannelly, K. J. (2006). Examining the links between spiritual struggles and symptoms of psychopathology in a national sample. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62, 1469–1484.CrossRefPubMed

McCullough, M. E., Emmons, R. A., & Tsang, J. (2002). The grateful disposition: A conceptual and empirical topography. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 112–127.CrossRefPubMed

Miller, W. R., & Thoresen, C. E. (2003). Spirituality, religion, and health: An emerging field. American Psychologist, 58, 24–35.CrossRefPubMed

Newby, M. (1996). Towards a secular concept of spiritual maturity. In R. Best (Ed.), Education, spirituality and the whole child (pp. 99–107). London: Cassell.

Paloutzian, R. F., & Park, C. L. (Eds.). (2005). Handbook of the psychology of religion and spirituality. New York, NY: Guilford Press.

Pargament, K. I. (1997). The psychology of religion and coping: Theory, research, practice. New York, NY: Guilford Press.

Pargament, K. I., Feuille, M., & Burdzy, D. (2011). The Brief RCOPE: Current psychometric status of a short measure of religious coping. Religions, 2, 51–76.CrossRef

Pargament, K. I., Koenig, H. G., & Perez, L. (2000). The many methods of religious coping: Development and initial validation of the RCOPE. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 56, 519–543.CrossRefPubMed

Pargament, K. I., Smith, B. W., Koenig, H. G., & Perez, L. (1998). Patterns of positive and negative religious coping with major life stressors. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 37, 710–724.CrossRef

Pargament, K. I., Zinnbauer, B. J., Scott, A. B., Butter, E. M., Zerowin, J., & Stanik, P. (2003). Red flags and religious coping: Identifying some religious warning signs among people in crisis. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 59, 1335–1348.CrossRef

Piedmont, R. L. (1999). Does spirituality represent the sixth factor of personality? Spiritual transcendence and the five-factor model. Journal of Personality, 67, 986–1013.CrossRef

Ross, L. A. (2006). Spiritual care in nursing: An overview of the research to date. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 15, 852–862.CrossRefPubMed

Socha, P. (2000). Duchowy rozwój człowieka [The spiritual development of man]. Cracow: Wydawnictwo UJ.

Taylor, C. (2007). A secular age. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.

Thuné, I. C., Stygall, J. A., Keshtgar, M. R., & Newman, S. P. (2006). Do religious/spiritual coping strategies affect illness adjustment in patients with cancer? A systematic review of the literature. Social Science and Medicine, 63, 151–164.CrossRef

Toussaint, L. L., Williams, D. R., Musick, M. A., & Everson, S. A. (2001). Forgiveness and health: Age differences in a U.S. probability sample. Journal of Adult Development, 8, 249–257.CrossRef

Ware, J. E., Kosinski, M., & Dewey, J. E. (2000). How to score version two of the SF-36 ^® Health Survey. Lincoln, RI: QualityMetric.

Zinnbauer, B., & Pargament, K. (2005). Religiousness and spirituality. In R. Paloutzian & C. Park (Eds.), The handbook of the psychology of religion and spirituality (pp. 21–42). New York, NY: Guilford Press.

Zinnbauer, B. J., Pargament, K. I., & Scott, A. B. (1999). The emerging meanings of religiousness and spirituality: Problems and prospects. Journal of Personality, 67, 879–919.CrossRef

Żołnierczyk-Zreda, D., Wrześniewski, K., Bugajska, J., & Jędryka-Góral, A. (2009). Polska wersja kwestionariusza do badania jakości życia związanej ze zdrowiem. Podręcznik do kwestionariusza [Polish version of the questionnaire measuring health-related quality of life. The textbook]. Warsaw: CIO-PIB.

Zwingmann, C., Wirtz, M., Müller, C., Korber, J., & Murken, S. (2006). Positive and negative religious coping in German breast cancer patients. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 29, 533–547.CrossRefPubMed

Title: Multidimensional Approach Toward Spiritual Coping: Construction and Validation of the Spiritual Coping Questionnaire (SCQ)
Author: Edyta Charzyńska
Publication date: 01-10-2015
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: Journal of Religion and Health / Issue 5/2015
Print ISSN: 0022-4197
Electronic ISSN: 1573-6571
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-014-9892-5

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Multidimensional Approach Toward Spiritual Coping: Construction and Validation of the Spiritual Coping Questionnaire (SCQ)

Abstract

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 5/2015

Schizophrenia or Possession? A Reply to Kemal Irmak and Nuray Karanci

The Role and Influence of Faith Leaders on Health-Related Issues and Programs in their Congregation

Sex Differences in Spiritual Coping, Forgiveness, and Gratitude Before and After a Basic Alcohol Addiction Treatment Program

“Living in a Shell of Something I’m Not”: Transsexuality, Medical Ethics, and the Judeo-Christian Culture

The Relationship Between Religious Attitudes, Fear of Death and Dying with General Health Condition: A Survey in College Students

The Effect of Holy Qur’an Recitation on Anxiety in Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial