Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Journal of Religion and Health 3/2014

01-06-2014 | Original Paper

Meditation Awareness Training (MAT) for Improved Psychological Well-being: A Qualitative Examination of Participant Experiences

Authors: Edo Shonin, William Van Gordon, Mark D. Griffiths

Published in: Journal of Religion and Health | Issue 3/2014

Login to get access

Abstract

Mindfulness-based interventions are reported as being efficacious treatments for a variety of psychological and somatic conditions. However, concerns have arisen relating to how mindfulness is operationalized in mindfulness-based interventions and whether its ‘spiritual essence’ and full potential treatment efficacy have remained intact. This qualitative study used interpretative phenomenological analysis to examine participant experiences regarding the acceptability and effectiveness of a newly designed secularized intervention called meditation awareness training (MAT) that follows a more traditional Buddhist approach to meditation. Participants (with issues of stress and low mood) reported experiencing improvements in psychological well-being due to receiving MAT. The wider implications are discussed.
Literature
go back to reference Allen, M., Bromley, A., Kuyken, W., & Sonnenberg, S. (2009). Participants experiences of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy: “It changed me in just about every possible way”. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 37, 413–430.PubMedCrossRef Allen, M., Bromley, A., Kuyken, W., & Sonnenberg, S. (2009). Participants experiences of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy: “It changed me in just about every possible way”. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 37, 413–430.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Arias, A. J., Steinberg, K., Banga, A., & Trestman, R. L. (2006). Systematic review of the efficacy of meditation techniques as treatments for medical illness. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 12, 817–832.CrossRef Arias, A. J., Steinberg, K., Banga, A., & Trestman, R. L. (2006). Systematic review of the efficacy of meditation techniques as treatments for medical illness. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 12, 817–832.CrossRef
go back to reference Baer, R. (2003). Mindfulness training as a clinical intervention: A conceptual and empirical review. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10, 125–143. Baer, R. (2003). Mindfulness training as a clinical intervention: A conceptual and empirical review. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10, 125–143.
go back to reference Bien, T. (2006). Mindful therapy: A guide for therapists and helping professionals. Massachusetts: Wisdom Publications. Bien, T. (2006). Mindful therapy: A guide for therapists and helping professionals. Massachusetts: Wisdom Publications.
go back to reference Bowen, S., Chawla, N., Collins, S., Witkiewitz, K., Hsu, S., Grow, J., et al. (2009). Mindfulness-based relapse prevention for substance use disorders: A pilot efficacy trial. Substance Abuse, 30, 295–305.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Bowen, S., Chawla, N., Collins, S., Witkiewitz, K., Hsu, S., Grow, J., et al. (2009). Mindfulness-based relapse prevention for substance use disorders: A pilot efficacy trial. Substance Abuse, 30, 295–305.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 822–848.PubMedCrossRef Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 822–848.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Cohen-Katz, J., Wiley, S., Capuano, T., Baker, D. M., Deitrick, L., & Shapiro, S. (2005). The effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on nurse stress and burnout: A qualitative and quantitative study, part III. Holistic Nursing Practice, 19(2), 78–86.PubMedCrossRef Cohen-Katz, J., Wiley, S., Capuano, T., Baker, D. M., Deitrick, L., & Shapiro, S. (2005). The effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on nurse stress and burnout: A qualitative and quantitative study, part III. Holistic Nursing Practice, 19(2), 78–86.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Crane, R. S., Kuyken, W., Williams, J. M. G., Hastings, R. P., Cooper, L., & Fennell, M. J. V. (2012). Competence in teaching mindfulness-based courses: Concepts, development and assessment. Mindfulness, 3, 76–84.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Crane, R. S., Kuyken, W., Williams, J. M. G., Hastings, R. P., Cooper, L., & Fennell, M. J. V. (2012). Competence in teaching mindfulness-based courses: Concepts, development and assessment. Mindfulness, 3, 76–84.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (2nd ed.). London: Sage. Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (2nd ed.). London: Sage.
go back to reference Dalai Lama. (2001). Stages of meditation: Training the mind for wisdom. London: Rider. Dalai Lama. (2001). Stages of meditation: Training the mind for wisdom. London: Rider.
go back to reference Eatough, V., & Smith, J. A. (2006). I feel like a scrambled egg in my head: An idiographic case study of meaning making and anger using interpretive phenomenological analysis. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 79, 115–135.CrossRef Eatough, V., & Smith, J. A. (2006). I feel like a scrambled egg in my head: An idiographic case study of meaning making and anger using interpretive phenomenological analysis. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 79, 115–135.CrossRef
go back to reference Eatough, V., & Smith, J. A. (2008). Interpretative phenomenological analysis. In C. Willig & W. Stainton-Rogers (Eds.), The Sage handbook of qualitative research in psychology (pp. 179–194). London: Sage Publications Ltd.CrossRef Eatough, V., & Smith, J. A. (2008). Interpretative phenomenological analysis. In C. Willig & W. Stainton-Rogers (Eds.), The Sage handbook of qualitative research in psychology (pp. 179–194). London: Sage Publications Ltd.CrossRef
go back to reference Fitzpatrick, L., Simpson, J., & Smith, A. (2010). A qualitative analysis of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) in Parkinson’s disease. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 83, 179–192.CrossRef Fitzpatrick, L., Simpson, J., & Smith, A. (2010). A qualitative analysis of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) in Parkinson’s disease. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 83, 179–192.CrossRef
go back to reference Griffiths, K., Camic, P. M., & Hutton, J. M. (2009). Participant experiences of a mindfulness-based cognitive therapy group for cardiac rehabilitation. Journal of Health Psychology, 14, 675–681.PubMedCrossRef Griffiths, K., Camic, P. M., & Hutton, J. M. (2009). Participant experiences of a mindfulness-based cognitive therapy group for cardiac rehabilitation. Journal of Health Psychology, 14, 675–681.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Grossman, P., Niemann, L., Schmidt, S., & Walach, H. (2004). Mindfulness-based stress reduction and health benefits: A meta-analysis. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 57, 35–43.PubMedCrossRef Grossman, P., Niemann, L., Schmidt, S., & Walach, H. (2004). Mindfulness-based stress reduction and health benefits: A meta-analysis. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 57, 35–43.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Hayes, S., Strosahl, K., & Wilson, K. (1999). Acceptance and commitment therapy. New York: Guildford Press. Hayes, S., Strosahl, K., & Wilson, K. (1999). Acceptance and commitment therapy. New York: Guildford Press.
go back to reference Howells, K., Tennant, A., Day, A., & Elmer, R. (2010). Mindfulness in forensic mental health: Does it have a role? Mindfulness, 1, 4–9.CrossRef Howells, K., Tennant, A., Day, A., & Elmer, R. (2010). Mindfulness in forensic mental health: Does it have a role? Mindfulness, 1, 4–9.CrossRef
go back to reference Husserl, E. (1999). Ideas I. In D. Welton (Ed.), The essential Husserl: Basic writings in transcendental phenomenology (pp. 60–79). Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. Husserl, E. (1999). Ideas I. In D. Welton (Ed.), The essential Husserl: Basic writings in transcendental phenomenology (pp. 60–79). Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.
go back to reference Imel, Z., Baldwin, S., Bonus, K., & MacCoon, D. (2008). Beyond the individual: Group effects in mindfulness-based stress reduction. Psychotherapy Research, 18, 735–742.PubMedCrossRef Imel, Z., Baldwin, S., Bonus, K., & MacCoon, D. (2008). Beyond the individual: Group effects in mindfulness-based stress reduction. Psychotherapy Research, 18, 735–742.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Kabat-Zinn, J. (1990). Full catastrophe living: Using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain and illness. New York: Delacorte. Kabat-Zinn, J. (1990). Full catastrophe living: Using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain and illness. New York: Delacorte.
go back to reference Kang, C., & Whittingham, K. (2010). Mindfulness: A dialogue between Buddhism and clinical psychology. Mindfulness, 1, 161–173.CrossRef Kang, C., & Whittingham, K. (2010). Mindfulness: A dialogue between Buddhism and clinical psychology. Mindfulness, 1, 161–173.CrossRef
go back to reference Linehan, M. (1993). Cognitive behavioural treatment of borderline personality disorder. New York: Guildford Press. Linehan, M. (1993). Cognitive behavioural treatment of borderline personality disorder. New York: Guildford Press.
go back to reference Mackenzie, M. J., Carlson, L. E., Munoz, M., & Speca, M. (2007). A qualitative study of self-perceived effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) in a psychosocial oncology setting. Stress and Health, 23, 59–69.CrossRef Mackenzie, M. J., Carlson, L. E., Munoz, M., & Speca, M. (2007). A qualitative study of self-perceived effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) in a psychosocial oncology setting. Stress and Health, 23, 59–69.CrossRef
go back to reference McWilliams, S. A. (2011). Contemplating a contemporary constructivist Buddhist psychology. Journal of Constructivist Psychology, 24, 268–276.CrossRef McWilliams, S. A. (2011). Contemplating a contemporary constructivist Buddhist psychology. Journal of Constructivist Psychology, 24, 268–276.CrossRef
go back to reference Mental Health Foundation. (2009). Mindfulness report. London: Mental Health Foundation. Mental Health Foundation. (2009). Mindfulness report. London: Mental Health Foundation.
go back to reference Morone, N. E., Lynch, C. S., Greco, C. M., Tindle, H. A., & Weiner, D. K. (2008). “I felt like a new person.” The effects of mindfulness meditation on older adults with chronic pain: Qualitative narrative analysis of diary entries. Journal of Pain, 9, 841–848.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Morone, N. E., Lynch, C. S., Greco, C. M., Tindle, H. A., & Weiner, D. K. (2008). “I felt like a new person.” The effects of mindfulness meditation on older adults with chronic pain: Qualitative narrative analysis of diary entries. Journal of Pain, 9, 841–848.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Naht Hanh, T. (1999). The heart of the Buddha’s teaching: Transforming suffering into peace, joy and liberation. New York: Broadway Books. Naht Hanh, T. (1999). The heart of the Buddha’s teaching: Transforming suffering into peace, joy and liberation. New York: Broadway Books.
go back to reference National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE). (2009). Depression: management of depression in primary and secondary care. London: NICE. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE). (2009). Depression: management of depression in primary and secondary care. London: NICE.
go back to reference Neff, K. D., Kirkpatrick, K. L., & Rude, S. S. (2007). Self-compassion and adaptive psychological functioning. Journal of Research in Personality, 41, 139–154.CrossRef Neff, K. D., Kirkpatrick, K. L., & Rude, S. S. (2007). Self-compassion and adaptive psychological functioning. Journal of Research in Personality, 41, 139–154.CrossRef
go back to reference Pace, W. W., Negi, L. T., Adame, D. D., Cole, S. P., Sivilli, T. I., Brown, T. D., et al. (2009). Effect of compassion meditation on neuroendocrine, innate immune and behavioral responses to psychosocial stress. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 34, 87–98.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Pace, W. W., Negi, L. T., Adame, D. D., Cole, S. P., Sivilli, T. I., Brown, T. D., et al. (2009). Effect of compassion meditation on neuroendocrine, innate immune and behavioral responses to psychosocial stress. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 34, 87–98.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Parke, A., & Griffiths, M. D. (2012). Beyond illusion of control: An interpretative phenomenological analysis of gambling in the context of information technology. Addiction Research and Theory, 20, 250–260. Parke, A., & Griffiths, M. D. (2012). Beyond illusion of control: An interpretative phenomenological analysis of gambling in the context of information technology. Addiction Research and Theory, 20, 250–260.
go back to reference Roth, B., & Stanley, T. W. (2002). Mindfulness-based stress reduction and healthcare utilization in the inner city: Preliminary findings. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 8, 60–66.PubMed Roth, B., & Stanley, T. W. (2002). Mindfulness-based stress reduction and healthcare utilization in the inner city: Preliminary findings. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 8, 60–66.PubMed
go back to reference Segal, Z. V., Williams, J. M., & Teesdale, J. D. (2002). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression: A new approach to preventing relapse. New York: Guildford Press. Segal, Z. V., Williams, J. M., & Teesdale, J. D. (2002). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression: A new approach to preventing relapse. New York: Guildford Press.
go back to reference Singh, N. N., Lancioni, G. E., Wahler, R. G., Winton, A. S., & Singh, J. (2008). Mindfulness approaches in cognitive behaviour therapy. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 36, 1–8.CrossRef Singh, N. N., Lancioni, G. E., Wahler, R. G., Winton, A. S., & Singh, J. (2008). Mindfulness approaches in cognitive behaviour therapy. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 36, 1–8.CrossRef
go back to reference Smith, J. A. (1996). Beyond the divide between cognition and discourse: Using interpretative phenomenological analysis in health psychology. Psychology and Health, 11, 261–271.CrossRef Smith, J. A. (1996). Beyond the divide between cognition and discourse: Using interpretative phenomenological analysis in health psychology. Psychology and Health, 11, 261–271.CrossRef
go back to reference Smith, J. A. (2004). Reflecting on the development of interpretative phenomenological analysis and its contribution to qualitative research in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 1, 39–54. Smith, J. A. (2004). Reflecting on the development of interpretative phenomenological analysis and its contribution to qualitative research in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 1, 39–54.
go back to reference Smith, J. A., Flowers, P., & Larkin, M. (2009). Interpretative phenomenological analysis. Theory, method and research. London: Sage Publications Ltd. Smith, J. A., Flowers, P., & Larkin, M. (2009). Interpretative phenomenological analysis. Theory, method and research. London: Sage Publications Ltd.
go back to reference Smith, J. A., Jarman, M., & Osborn, M. (1999). Doing interpretative phenomenological analysis. In M. Murray & K. Chamberlain (Eds.), Qualitative health psychology: Theories and methods (pp. 218–240). London: Sage.CrossRef Smith, J. A., Jarman, M., & Osborn, M. (1999). Doing interpretative phenomenological analysis. In M. Murray & K. Chamberlain (Eds.), Qualitative health psychology: Theories and methods (pp. 218–240). London: Sage.CrossRef
go back to reference Smith, J. A., & Osborn, M. (2003). Interpretative phenomenological analysis. In J. A. Smith (Ed.), Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods (pp. 51–80). London: Sage. Smith, J. A., & Osborn, M. (2003). Interpretative phenomenological analysis. In J. A. Smith (Ed.), Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods (pp. 51–80). London: Sage.
go back to reference Tellegen, A., Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1999). On the dimensional and hierarchical structure of affect. Psychological Science, 10, 297–303.CrossRef Tellegen, A., Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1999). On the dimensional and hierarchical structure of affect. Psychological Science, 10, 297–303.CrossRef
go back to reference Tsong-kha-pa. (2000). In: J. Cutler, G. Newland (Eds.), & T. L. Committee, Trans. The great treatise on the stages of the path to enlightenment, volume I. Canada: Snow Lion. Tsong-kha-pa. (2000). In: J. Cutler, G. Newland (Eds.), & T. L. Committee, Trans. The great treatise on the stages of the path to enlightenment, volume I. Canada: Snow Lion.
go back to reference Walshe, M. (1995). Mahasatipatthana Sutra. In The. Long (Ed.), Discourses of the Buddha: A translation of the Digha Nikaya (pp. 335–350). Somerville, Boston: Wisdom Publications. Walshe, M. (1995). Mahasatipatthana Sutra. In The. Long (Ed.), Discourses of the Buddha: A translation of the Digha Nikaya (pp. 335–350). Somerville, Boston: Wisdom Publications.
go back to reference Wells, A. (1997). Cognitive therapy of anxiety disorders: A practice manual and conceptual guide. Chichester: Wiley. Wells, A. (1997). Cognitive therapy of anxiety disorders: A practice manual and conceptual guide. Chichester: Wiley.
go back to reference Williams, M. J., McManus, F., Muse, K., & Williams, J. M. (2011). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for severe health anxiety (hypochondriasis): An interpretative phenomenological analysis of patients’ experiences. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 50, 379–397.PubMedCrossRef Williams, M. J., McManus, F., Muse, K., & Williams, J. M. (2011). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for severe health anxiety (hypochondriasis): An interpretative phenomenological analysis of patients’ experiences. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 50, 379–397.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Willig, C. (2008). Introducing qualitative research in psychology (2nd ed.). Maidenhead: Open University Press. Willig, C. (2008). Introducing qualitative research in psychology (2nd ed.). Maidenhead: Open University Press.
go back to reference Yardley, L. (2000). Dilemmas in qualitative health research. Psychology and Health, 15, 215–228.CrossRef Yardley, L. (2000). Dilemmas in qualitative health research. Psychology and Health, 15, 215–228.CrossRef
go back to reference Yardley, L. (2008). Demonstrating validity in qualitative psychology. In J. A. Smith (Ed.), Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods (pp. 235–251). London: Sage. Yardley, L. (2008). Demonstrating validity in qualitative psychology. In J. A. Smith (Ed.), Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods (pp. 235–251). London: Sage.
Metadata
Title
Meditation Awareness Training (MAT) for Improved Psychological Well-being: A Qualitative Examination of Participant Experiences
Authors
Edo Shonin
William Van Gordon
Mark D. Griffiths
Publication date
01-06-2014
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Journal of Religion and Health / Issue 3/2014
Print ISSN: 0022-4197
Electronic ISSN: 1573-6571
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-013-9679-0

Other articles of this Issue 3/2014

Journal of Religion and Health 3/2014 Go to the issue