Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia 4/2005

01-10-2005 | Review Article

Benign Breast Diseases

Authors: Carine Courtillot, Geneviève Plu-Bureau, Nadine Binart, Corinne Balleyguier, Brigitte Sigal-Zafrani, Vincent Goffin, Frédérique Kuttenn, Paul A. Kelly, Philippe Touraine

Published in: Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia | Issue 4/2005

Login to get access

Abstract

Benign breast diseases have always been neglected in comparison to cancer, despite the fact that there are many more patients with such diseases than patients presenting to a breast clinic for cancer. Like normal breast tissues, benign breast diseases are under a complex system of controls by both systemic hormonal and local factors. In this review, we attempt to present an overview of the latest knowledge concerning the epidemiology, classification, clinical presentation, management, and physiopathology of these disorders.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Sitruk-Ware R, Plu-Bureau G. Epidemiology and treatment of benign breast disease: effect of progestins on breast disease. In: Sitruk-Ware R, Mishelle DR Jr., Editors. Progestins and antiprogestins in clinical practice. New-York: Marcel Dekker; 2000. pp. 327–40. Sitruk-Ware R, Plu-Bureau G. Epidemiology and treatment of benign breast disease: effect of progestins on breast disease. In: Sitruk-Ware R, Mishelle DR Jr., Editors. Progestins and antiprogestins in clinical practice. New-York: Marcel Dekker; 2000. pp. 327–40.
2.
go back to reference Dupont WD, Page DL. Risk factors for breast cancer in women with proliferative breast disease. N Engl J Med 1985;312:146–51.PubMedCrossRef Dupont WD, Page DL. Risk factors for breast cancer in women with proliferative breast disease. N Engl J Med 1985;312:146–51.PubMedCrossRef
3.
go back to reference Hughes LE, Mansel RE, Webster DJT. Aberrations of normal development and involution (ANDI): a new perspective on pathogenesis and nomenclature of benign breast disorders. Lancet 1987;2:1316–9.PubMedCrossRef Hughes LE, Mansel RE, Webster DJT. Aberrations of normal development and involution (ANDI): a new perspective on pathogenesis and nomenclature of benign breast disorders. Lancet 1987;2:1316–9.PubMedCrossRef
4.
go back to reference Plu-Bureau G, Thalabard JC, Sitruk-Ware R, Asselain B, Mauvais-Jarvis P. Cyclical mastalgia as a marker of breast cancer susceptibility: results of a case-control study among French women. Br J Cancer 1992;65:945–9.PubMed Plu-Bureau G, Thalabard JC, Sitruk-Ware R, Asselain B, Mauvais-Jarvis P. Cyclical mastalgia as a marker of breast cancer susceptibility: results of a case-control study among French women. Br J Cancer 1992;65:945–9.PubMed
5.
go back to reference Goodwin PJ, DeBoer G, Clark RM, Catton P, Redwood S, Hood N, Boyd NF. Cyclical mastopathy and premenopausal breast cancer risk. Results of a case-control study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1995;33:63–73.PubMedCrossRef Goodwin PJ, DeBoer G, Clark RM, Catton P, Redwood S, Hood N, Boyd NF. Cyclical mastopathy and premenopausal breast cancer risk. Results of a case-control study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1995;33:63–73.PubMedCrossRef
6.
go back to reference Goehring C, Morabia A. Epidemiology of benign breast disease, with special attention to histologic types. Epidemiol Rev 1997;19:310–27.PubMed Goehring C, Morabia A. Epidemiology of benign breast disease, with special attention to histologic types. Epidemiol Rev 1997;19:310–27.PubMed
7.
go back to reference Hughes LE, Mansel RE, Webster DJT. Benign disorders and diseases of the breast—concepts and clinical management. 2nd ed. W.B. Saunders; 2000. Chap. 2, pp. 7–20. Hughes LE, Mansel RE, Webster DJT. Benign disorders and diseases of the breast—concepts and clinical management. 2nd ed. W.B. Saunders; 2000. Chap. 2, pp. 7–20.
8.
go back to reference Parks AG. The microanatomy of the breast. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 1959;25:295–311. Parks AG. The microanatomy of the breast. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 1959;25:295–311.
9.
go back to reference Noguchi S, Yokouchi H, Aihara T, Motomura K, Inaji H, Imaoka S, Koyama H. Progression of fibroadenoma to phyllodes tumor demonstrated by clonal analysis. Cancer 1995;76:1779–85.PubMedCrossRef Noguchi S, Yokouchi H, Aihara T, Motomura K, Inaji H, Imaoka S, Koyama H. Progression of fibroadenoma to phyllodes tumor demonstrated by clonal analysis. Cancer 1995;76:1779–85.PubMedCrossRef
10.
go back to reference Hughes LE, Mansel RE, Webster DJT. Benign disorders and diseases of the breast—concepts and clinical management. 2nd ed. W.B. Saunders; 2000. Chap. 3, pp. 21–34. Hughes LE, Mansel RE, Webster DJT. Benign disorders and diseases of the breast—concepts and clinical management. 2nd ed. W.B. Saunders; 2000. Chap. 3, pp. 21–34.
11.
go back to reference La Rosa S, Sessa F, Colombo L, Tibiletti MG, Furlan D, Capella C. Expression of acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) and fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) in breast fibroadenomas. J Clin Pathol 2001;54:37–41.PubMedCrossRef La Rosa S, Sessa F, Colombo L, Tibiletti MG, Furlan D, Capella C. Expression of acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) and fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) in breast fibroadenomas. J Clin Pathol 2001;54:37–41.PubMedCrossRef
12.
go back to reference Dupont WD, Page DL, Parl FF, Vnencak-Jones CL, Plummer WD Jr, Rados MS, Schuyler PA. Long term risk of breast cancer in women with fibroadenoma. New Engl J Med 1994;331:10–15.PubMedCrossRef Dupont WD, Page DL, Parl FF, Vnencak-Jones CL, Plummer WD Jr, Rados MS, Schuyler PA. Long term risk of breast cancer in women with fibroadenoma. New Engl J Med 1994;331:10–15.PubMedCrossRef
13.
go back to reference Hughes LE, Mansel RE, Webster DJT. Benign disorders and diseases of the breast—concepts and clinical management. 2nd ed. W.B. Saunders; 2000. Chap. 7, pp. 73–94. Hughes LE, Mansel RE, Webster DJT. Benign disorders and diseases of the breast—concepts and clinical management. 2nd ed. W.B. Saunders; 2000. Chap. 7, pp. 73–94.
14.
go back to reference Cole-Beuglet C, Soriano RZ, Kurtz AB, Goldberg BB. Fibroadenoma of the breast. Sonomammography correlated with pathology in 122 patients. American Journal of Radiology 1983;140:369–75. Cole-Beuglet C, Soriano RZ, Kurtz AB, Goldberg BB. Fibroadenoma of the breast. Sonomammography correlated with pathology in 122 patients. American Journal of Radiology 1983;140:369–75.
15.
go back to reference Mauvais-Jarvis P. Le traitement hormonal des mastopathies bénignes. Bull Cancer 1991;78:365–71.PubMed Mauvais-Jarvis P. Le traitement hormonal des mastopathies bénignes. Bull Cancer 1991;78:365–71.PubMed
16.
go back to reference Kumar S, Mansel RE, Hughes LE, Edwards CA, Scanlon MF. Prediction of response to endocrine therapy in pronounced cyclical mastalgia, using dynamic tests of prolactin release. Clin Endocrinol 1985;23:699–704.CrossRef Kumar S, Mansel RE, Hughes LE, Edwards CA, Scanlon MF. Prediction of response to endocrine therapy in pronounced cyclical mastalgia, using dynamic tests of prolactin release. Clin Endocrinol 1985;23:699–704.CrossRef
17.
go back to reference Hughes LE, Mansel RE, Webster DJT. Benign disorders and diseases of the breast—concepts and clinical management. 2nd ed. W.B. Saunders; 2000. Chap. 9, pp. 123–35. Hughes LE, Mansel RE, Webster DJT. Benign disorders and diseases of the breast—concepts and clinical management. 2nd ed. W.B. Saunders; 2000. Chap. 9, pp. 123–35.
18.
go back to reference Hughes LE, Mansel RE, Webster DJT. Benign disorders and diseases of the breast—concepts and clinical management. 2nd ed. W.B. Saunders; 2000. Chap. 6, pp. 61–72. Hughes LE, Mansel RE, Webster DJT. Benign disorders and diseases of the breast—concepts and clinical management. 2nd ed. W.B. Saunders; 2000. Chap. 6, pp. 61–72.
19.
go back to reference Cowen PN, Benson EA. Cytological study of fluid from benign breast cysts. Br J Surg 1979;66:209–11.PubMedCrossRef Cowen PN, Benson EA. Cytological study of fluid from benign breast cysts. Br J Surg 1979;66:209–11.PubMedCrossRef
20.
go back to reference Angeli A, Bradlow HL, Chasalon FI, Dogliotti L. Biochemistry of breast cyst fluid. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1990;586:1–296.CrossRef Angeli A, Bradlow HL, Chasalon FI, Dogliotti L. Biochemistry of breast cyst fluid. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1990;586:1–296.CrossRef
21.
go back to reference Hughes LE, Mansel RE, Webster DJT. Benign disorders and diseases of the breast—concepts and clinical management. W.B. Saunders, 2d ed., 2000; chap. 4, pp 35–47. Hughes LE, Mansel RE, Webster DJT. Benign disorders and diseases of the breast—concepts and clinical management. W.B. Saunders, 2d ed., 2000; chap. 4, pp 35–47.
22.
go back to reference De Boever J, Vandekerckhove D. Benign breast disease: steroid concentrations. J Steroid Biochem 1982;Abst 338. De Boever J, Vandekerckhove D. Benign breast disease: steroid concentrations. J Steroid Biochem 1982;Abst 338.
23.
go back to reference Wang DY, Fentiman IS. Epidemiology and endocrinology of benign breast disease. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1985;6:5–39.PubMedCrossRef Wang DY, Fentiman IS. Epidemiology and endocrinology of benign breast disease. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1985;6:5–39.PubMedCrossRef
24.
go back to reference Pasqualini JR, Chetrite G. Activity and regulation of sulfatase, sulfotransferase and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in breast cancer. In: Pasqualini JR, Katzenellenbogen BS, Editors. Hormone-dependent cancer. New York: Marcel Dekker; 1996. pp. 21–80. Pasqualini JR, Chetrite G. Activity and regulation of sulfatase, sulfotransferase and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in breast cancer. In: Pasqualini JR, Katzenellenbogen BS, Editors. Hormone-dependent cancer. New York: Marcel Dekker; 1996. pp. 21–80.
25.
go back to reference Pasqualini JR, Cortes-Prieto J, Chetrite G, Talbi M, Ruiz A. Concentrations of estrone, estradiol and their sulfates, and evaluation of sulfatase and aromatase activities in patients with breast fibroadenoma. Int J Cancer 1997;70:639–43.PubMedCrossRef Pasqualini JR, Cortes-Prieto J, Chetrite G, Talbi M, Ruiz A. Concentrations of estrone, estradiol and their sulfates, and evaluation of sulfatase and aromatase activities in patients with breast fibroadenoma. Int J Cancer 1997;70:639–43.PubMedCrossRef
26.
go back to reference Martin PM, Kuttenn F, Serment H, Mauvais-Jarvis P. Studies on clinical, hormonal and pathological correlations in breast fibroadenomas. J Steroid Biochem 1978;9:1251–55.PubMedCrossRef Martin PM, Kuttenn F, Serment H, Mauvais-Jarvis P. Studies on clinical, hormonal and pathological correlations in breast fibroadenomas. J Steroid Biochem 1978;9:1251–55.PubMedCrossRef
27.
go back to reference Tseng L, Gusberg SB, Gurpide E. Estradiol receptor and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in normal and abnormal human endometrium. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1977;286:190–8.PubMedCrossRef Tseng L, Gusberg SB, Gurpide E. Estradiol receptor and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in normal and abnormal human endometrium. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1977;286:190–8.PubMedCrossRef
28.
go back to reference Allegra JC, Lippman ME, Green L, Barlock A, Simon R, Thompson EB, Huff KK, Griffin W. Estrogen receptor values in patients with benign breast disease. Cancer 1979;44:228–31.PubMedCrossRef Allegra JC, Lippman ME, Green L, Barlock A, Simon R, Thompson EB, Huff KK, Griffin W. Estrogen receptor values in patients with benign breast disease. Cancer 1979;44:228–31.PubMedCrossRef
29.
go back to reference Martin PM, Kuttenn F, Serment H, Mauvais-Jarvis P. Progesterone receptors in breast fibroadenomas. J Steroid Bioch 1979;11:1295–98.CrossRef Martin PM, Kuttenn F, Serment H, Mauvais-Jarvis P. Progesterone receptors in breast fibroadenomas. J Steroid Bioch 1979;11:1295–98.CrossRef
30.
go back to reference Kuttenn F, Fournier S, Durand JC, Mauvais-Jarvis P. Estradiol and progesterone receptors in human breast fibroadenomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1981;52:1225–9.PubMedCrossRef Kuttenn F, Fournier S, Durand JC, Mauvais-Jarvis P. Estradiol and progesterone receptors in human breast fibroadenomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1981;52:1225–9.PubMedCrossRef
31.
go back to reference Ferrieres C, Cuny M, Simony-Fontaine J. Variation of Bcl-2 expression in breast ducts and lobules in relation to plasma progesterone levels: overexpression and absence of variation in fibroadenomas. J Pathol 1997;183:204–11.PubMedCrossRef Ferrieres C, Cuny M, Simony-Fontaine J. Variation of Bcl-2 expression in breast ducts and lobules in relation to plasma progesterone levels: overexpression and absence of variation in fibroadenomas. J Pathol 1997;183:204–11.PubMedCrossRef
32.
go back to reference Mauvais-Jarvis P, Sitruk-Ware R, Kuttenn F, Sterkers N. Luteal phase insufficiency: a common pathophysiologic factor in development of benign and malignant breast diseases. Comment Res Breast Dis 1979;1:25–59. Mauvais-Jarvis P, Sitruk-Ware R, Kuttenn F, Sterkers N. Luteal phase insufficiency: a common pathophysiologic factor in development of benign and malignant breast diseases. Comment Res Breast Dis 1979;1:25–59.
33.
go back to reference England PC, Skinner LG, Cottrell KM, Sellwood RA. Sex hormones in breast disease. Br J Surg 1975;62:806–9.PubMedCrossRef England PC, Skinner LG, Cottrell KM, Sellwood RA. Sex hormones in breast disease. Br J Surg 1975;62:806–9.PubMedCrossRef
34.
go back to reference Peters F, Pickardt CR, Zimmerman G, Breckwoldt M. PRL, TSH and thyroid hormones in benign breast disease. Klin Wochenschr 1981;59:403–7.PubMedCrossRef Peters F, Pickardt CR, Zimmerman G, Breckwoldt M. PRL, TSH and thyroid hormones in benign breast disease. Klin Wochenschr 1981;59:403–7.PubMedCrossRef
35.
go back to reference Kumar S, Mansel RE, Hughes LE, Woodhead JS, Edwards CA, Scanlon MF, Newcombe RG. Prolactin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulation and dopaminergic inhibition in benign breast disease. Cancer 1984;53:1311–5.PubMedCrossRef Kumar S, Mansel RE, Hughes LE, Woodhead JS, Edwards CA, Scanlon MF, Newcombe RG. Prolactin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulation and dopaminergic inhibition in benign breast disease. Cancer 1984;53:1311–5.PubMedCrossRef
36.
go back to reference Gately CA, Maddox PR, Jones DL. Biologically active prolactin in patients with macroscopic breast cysts. Br J Surg 1992;79:1238. Gately CA, Maddox PR, Jones DL. Biologically active prolactin in patients with macroscopic breast cysts. Br J Surg 1992;79:1238.
37.
go back to reference Ginsburg E, Vonderhaar BK. Prolactin synthesis and secretion by human breast cancer cells. Cancer Res 1995;55:2591–5.PubMed Ginsburg E, Vonderhaar BK. Prolactin synthesis and secretion by human breast cancer cells. Cancer Res 1995;55:2591–5.PubMed
38.
go back to reference Clevenger CV, Chang WP, Ngo W, Pasha TM, Montone KT, Tomaszewski JE. Expression of prolactin and prolactin receptor in human breast carcinoma. Am J Pathol 1995;146:695–705.PubMed Clevenger CV, Chang WP, Ngo W, Pasha TM, Montone KT, Tomaszewski JE. Expression of prolactin and prolactin receptor in human breast carcinoma. Am J Pathol 1995;146:695–705.PubMed
39.
go back to reference Reynolds C, Montone KT, Powell CM, Tomaszewski JE, Clevenger CV. Expression of prolactin and its receptor in human breast carcinoma. Endocrinology 1997;138:5555–60.PubMedCrossRef Reynolds C, Montone KT, Powell CM, Tomaszewski JE, Clevenger CV. Expression of prolactin and its receptor in human breast carcinoma. Endocrinology 1997;138:5555–60.PubMedCrossRef
40.
go back to reference Touraine P, Martini JF, Zafrani B, Durand JC, Labaille F, Malet C, Nicolas A, Trivin C, Postel-Vinay MC, Kuttenn F, Kelly PA. Increased expression of prolactin receptor gene assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in human breast tumors versus normal breast tissues. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998;83:667–74.PubMedCrossRef Touraine P, Martini JF, Zafrani B, Durand JC, Labaille F, Malet C, Nicolas A, Trivin C, Postel-Vinay MC, Kuttenn F, Kelly PA. Increased expression of prolactin receptor gene assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in human breast tumors versus normal breast tissues. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998;83:667–74.PubMedCrossRef
41.
go back to reference Clevenger CV, Plank TL. Prolactin as an autocrine/paracrine factor in breast cancer. J Mammary Gland Biol Neopl 1997;2:59–68.CrossRef Clevenger CV, Plank TL. Prolactin as an autocrine/paracrine factor in breast cancer. J Mammary Gland Biol Neopl 1997;2:59–68.CrossRef
42.
go back to reference Vonderhaar BK. Prolactin: the forgotten hormone of human breast cancer. Pharmacol Ther 1998;79:169–78.PubMedCrossRef Vonderhaar BK. Prolactin: the forgotten hormone of human breast cancer. Pharmacol Ther 1998;79:169–78.PubMedCrossRef
43.
go back to reference Goffin V, Touraine P, Pichard C, Bernichtein S, Kelly PA. Should prolactin be reconsidered as a therapeutic target in human breast cancer? Mol Cell Endocrinol 1999;151:79–87.PubMedCrossRef Goffin V, Touraine P, Pichard C, Bernichtein S, Kelly PA. Should prolactin be reconsidered as a therapeutic target in human breast cancer? Mol Cell Endocrinol 1999;151:79–87.PubMedCrossRef
44.
go back to reference Llovera M, Touraine P, Kelly PA, Goffin V. Involvement of prolactin in breast cancer: redefining the molecular targets. Exp Gerontol 2000;35:41–51.PubMedCrossRef Llovera M, Touraine P, Kelly PA, Goffin V. Involvement of prolactin in breast cancer: redefining the molecular targets. Exp Gerontol 2000;35:41–51.PubMedCrossRef
45.
go back to reference Clevenger CV, Furth PA, Hankinson SE, Schuler LA. The role of prolactin in mammary carcinoma. Endocr Rev 2003;24:1–27.PubMedCrossRef Clevenger CV, Furth PA, Hankinson SE, Schuler LA. The role of prolactin in mammary carcinoma. Endocr Rev 2003;24:1–27.PubMedCrossRef
46.
go back to reference Manhes C, Kayser C, Bertheau P, Kelder B, Kopchick JJ, Kelly PA, Touraine P, Goffin V. Local over-expression of prolactin in differentiating mouse mammary gland induces functional defects and benign lesions, but not carcinoma. J Endocrinol 2006;190:273–87.CrossRef Manhes C, Kayser C, Bertheau P, Kelder B, Kopchick JJ, Kelly PA, Touraine P, Goffin V. Local over-expression of prolactin in differentiating mouse mammary gland induces functional defects and benign lesions, but not carcinoma. J Endocrinol 2006;190:273–87.CrossRef
47.
go back to reference Ryska A, Reynolds C, Keeney GL. Benign tumors of the breast with multinucleated stromal giant cells. Immunohistochemical analysis of six cases and review of the literature. Virchows Arch 2001;439:768–75.PubMed Ryska A, Reynolds C, Keeney GL. Benign tumors of the breast with multinucleated stromal giant cells. Immunohistochemical analysis of six cases and review of the literature. Virchows Arch 2001;439:768–75.PubMed
48.
go back to reference Mol JA, Henzen-Longmans SC, Hageman Ph, Misdorp W, Blankenstein MR, Rijnberk A. Expression of the gene encoding GH in the human mammary gland. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995;80:3094–6.PubMedCrossRef Mol JA, Henzen-Longmans SC, Hageman Ph, Misdorp W, Blankenstein MR, Rijnberk A. Expression of the gene encoding GH in the human mammary gland. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995;80:3094–6.PubMedCrossRef
49.
go back to reference Ng ST, Zhou J, Adesanya OO, Wang J, LeRoith D, Bondy CA. Growth hormone treatment induces mammary gland hyperplasia in aging primates. Nature Medicine 1997;10:1141–4.CrossRef Ng ST, Zhou J, Adesanya OO, Wang J, LeRoith D, Bondy CA. Growth hormone treatment induces mammary gland hyperplasia in aging primates. Nature Medicine 1997;10:1141–4.CrossRef
50.
go back to reference Holdaway IM, Mason BH, Lethaby AE, Singh V, Harman JE, MacCormick M, Civil ID. Serum levels of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 in benign and malignant breast disease. Aust NZ J Surg 1999;69:495–500.CrossRef Holdaway IM, Mason BH, Lethaby AE, Singh V, Harman JE, MacCormick M, Civil ID. Serum levels of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 in benign and malignant breast disease. Aust NZ J Surg 1999;69:495–500.CrossRef
51.
go back to reference Cullen KJ, Smith HS, Hill S, Rosen N, Lippman ME. Growth factor messenger RNA expression by human breast fibroblasts, benign and malignant lesions. Cancer Res 1991;51:4978–85.PubMed Cullen KJ, Smith HS, Hill S, Rosen N, Lippman ME. Growth factor messenger RNA expression by human breast fibroblasts, benign and malignant lesions. Cancer Res 1991;51:4978–85.PubMed
52.
go back to reference Fantl V, Creer A, Dillon C, Bresnick J, Jackson D, Edwards P, Rosewell I, Dickson C. Fibroblast growth factor signaling and cyclin D1 function are necessary for normal mammary gland development during pregnancy. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol. 480 “Biology of the mammary gland” 2000. Chap 1, pp. 1–7. Fantl V, Creer A, Dillon C, Bresnick J, Jackson D, Edwards P, Rosewell I, Dickson C. Fibroblast growth factor signaling and cyclin D1 function are necessary for normal mammary gland development during pregnancy. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol. 480 “Biology of the mammary gland” 2000. Chap 1, pp. 1–7.
53.
go back to reference Coombes RC, Gomm JJ, Luqmani YA. Acidic and basic FGF and their receptors in normal and malignant breast cells. Endocrinology 1994;35:259. Coombes RC, Gomm JJ, Luqmani YA. Acidic and basic FGF and their receptors in normal and malignant breast cells. Endocrinology 1994;35:259.
54.
go back to reference Gomm JJ, Smith J, Ryall GK, Baillie R, Turnbull L, Coombes RC. Localization of basic fibroblast growth factor and transforming growth factor β1 in the human mammary gland. Cancer Res 1991;51:4685–92.PubMed Gomm JJ, Smith J, Ryall GK, Baillie R, Turnbull L, Coombes RC. Localization of basic fibroblast growth factor and transforming growth factor β1 in the human mammary gland. Cancer Res 1991;51:4685–92.PubMed
55.
go back to reference Barraclough R, Fernig DG, Rudland PS, Smith JA. Synthesis of basic fibroblast growth factor upon differentiation of rat mammary epithelial to myoepithelial-like cells in culture. J Cell Physiol 1990;144:333–44.PubMedCrossRef Barraclough R, Fernig DG, Rudland PS, Smith JA. Synthesis of basic fibroblast growth factor upon differentiation of rat mammary epithelial to myoepithelial-like cells in culture. J Cell Physiol 1990;144:333–44.PubMedCrossRef
56.
go back to reference Ethier SP, Van de Velde. Secretion of TGF-β like growth inhibitor by normal rat mammary epithelial cells. J Cell Physiol 1990;142:15–20.PubMedCrossRef Ethier SP, Van de Velde. Secretion of TGF-β like growth inhibitor by normal rat mammary epithelial cells. J Cell Physiol 1990;142:15–20.PubMedCrossRef
57.
go back to reference Lippman ME, Dickson RB. Growth control of normal and malignant breast epithelium. Proc R Soc Edinburgh 1989;95b:89–106. Lippman ME, Dickson RB. Growth control of normal and malignant breast epithelium. Proc R Soc Edinburgh 1989;95b:89–106.
58.
go back to reference Baillie R, Coombes RC, Smith J. Multiple forms of TGF-β1 in breast tissues: a biologically active form of the small latent complex of TGF-β1. European Journal of Cancer 1996;32A(9):1566–73.PubMedCrossRef Baillie R, Coombes RC, Smith J. Multiple forms of TGF-β1 in breast tissues: a biologically active form of the small latent complex of TGF-β1. European Journal of Cancer 1996;32A(9):1566–73.PubMedCrossRef
59.
go back to reference Di Loreto C, Reis FM, Cataldi P, Zuiani C, Luisi S, Beltrami CA, Petraglia F. Human mammary gland and breast carcinoma contain immunoreactive inhibin/activins subunits: evidence for a secretion into cystic fluid. Eur J Endocrinol 1999;141:190–4.PubMedCrossRef Di Loreto C, Reis FM, Cataldi P, Zuiani C, Luisi S, Beltrami CA, Petraglia F. Human mammary gland and breast carcinoma contain immunoreactive inhibin/activins subunits: evidence for a secretion into cystic fluid. Eur J Endocrinol 1999;141:190–4.PubMedCrossRef
60.
go back to reference Wang Y, Selden C, Morgan N, Stamp GWH, Hodgson HJF. Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor expression in human mammary epithelium. Am J Pathol 1994;144:675–82.PubMed Wang Y, Selden C, Morgan N, Stamp GWH, Hodgson HJF. Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor expression in human mammary epithelium. Am J Pathol 1994;144:675–82.PubMed
61.
go back to reference Feakins RM, Wells CA, Young KA, Sheaff MT. Platelet-derived growth factor expression in phyllodes tumors and fibroadenomas of the breast. Hum Pathol 2000;31:1214–22.PubMedCrossRef Feakins RM, Wells CA, Young KA, Sheaff MT. Platelet-derived growth factor expression in phyllodes tumors and fibroadenomas of the breast. Hum Pathol 2000;31:1214–22.PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Benign Breast Diseases
Authors
Carine Courtillot
Geneviève Plu-Bureau
Nadine Binart
Corinne Balleyguier
Brigitte Sigal-Zafrani
Vincent Goffin
Frédérique Kuttenn
Paul A. Kelly
Philippe Touraine
Publication date
01-10-2005
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia / Issue 4/2005
Print ISSN: 1083-3021
Electronic ISSN: 1573-7039
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10911-006-9006-4

Other articles of this Issue 4/2005

Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia 4/2005 Go to the issue
Webinar | 19-02-2024 | 17:30 (CET)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on antibody–drug conjugates in cancer

Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are novel agents that have shown promise across multiple tumor types. Explore the current landscape of ADCs in breast and lung cancer with our experts, and gain insights into the mechanism of action, key clinical trials data, existing challenges, and future directions.

Dr. Véronique Diéras
Prof. Fabrice Barlesi
Developed by: Springer Medicine