Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health 5/2019

01-10-2019 | Original Paper

Factors Associated with Access to Maternal and Reproductive Health Care among Somali Refugee Women Resettled in Ohio, United States: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Authors: Aduragbemi Banke-Thomas, Kafuli Agbemenu, Crista Johnson-Agbakwu

Published in: Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health | Issue 5/2019

Login to get access

Abstract

This study examined maternal and reproductive health (MRH) access of Somali refugees in the U.S. across four access dimensions (willingness to seek care, gaining entry to the health system, seeing a primary provider and seeing a specialist). We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 427 Somali refugee reproductive-age women in Franklin County, Ohio. Following descriptive statistics of demographics, we conducted multivariate analyses to test associations between demographics and the four access dimensions. Most Somali refugee women were married (68%), attained primary education (92%), employed (64%) and were circumcised (82%). Young (OR 2.61, 95% CI 1.25–5.60), single (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.15–2.78), and minors upon arrival (OR 2.36, 95% CI 1.44–3.90) were more willing to seek care. Lack of insurance, limited language fluency and being circumcised limited access to care across all dimensions. Barriers to access need to be systematically addressed. Deconstructing beliefs regarding health systems may improve access, especially among older Somali women.
Literature
3.
go back to reference Davidson PM, Mbaka-Mouyeme F. The refugee crisis: we cannot ignore this for much longer. Health Care Women Int. 2016;37(9):945–5.CrossRefPubMed Davidson PM, Mbaka-Mouyeme F. The refugee crisis: we cannot ignore this for much longer. Health Care Women Int. 2016;37(9):945–5.CrossRefPubMed
4.
go back to reference Department Homeland Security. United States Department of Homeland Security. Washington, DC; 2010. Department Homeland Security. United States Department of Homeland Security. Washington, DC; 2010.
5.
go back to reference Caulford P, Vali Y. Providing health care to medically uninsured immigrants and refugees. Can Med Assoc J. 2006;174(9):1253–4.CrossRef Caulford P, Vali Y. Providing health care to medically uninsured immigrants and refugees. Can Med Assoc J. 2006;174(9):1253–4.CrossRef
6.
go back to reference Keygnaert I, Vettenburg N, Temmerman M. Hidden violence is silent rape: sexual and gender-based violence in refugees, asylum seekers and undocumented migrants in Belgium and the Netherlands. Cult Health Sex. 2012;14(5):505–20.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Keygnaert I, Vettenburg N, Temmerman M. Hidden violence is silent rape: sexual and gender-based violence in refugees, asylum seekers and undocumented migrants in Belgium and the Netherlands. Cult Health Sex. 2012;14(5):505–20.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
7.
go back to reference Aptekman M, Rashid M, Wright V, Dunn S. Unmet contraceptive needs among refugees. Can Fam Physician. 2014;60(12):e613–9.PubMedPubMedCentral Aptekman M, Rashid M, Wright V, Dunn S. Unmet contraceptive needs among refugees. Can Fam Physician. 2014;60(12):e613–9.PubMedPubMedCentral
8.
go back to reference Banke-Thomas A, Gieszl S, Nizigiyimana J, Johnson-Agbakwu C. Experiences of refugee women in accessing and utilizing a refugee-focused prenatal clinic in the United States: a mixed methods study. Glob Women’s Health. 2017;1(1):14–20. Banke-Thomas A, Gieszl S, Nizigiyimana J, Johnson-Agbakwu C. Experiences of refugee women in accessing and utilizing a refugee-focused prenatal clinic in the United States: a mixed methods study. Glob Women’s Health. 2017;1(1):14–20.
9.
go back to reference Khanlou N, Haque N, Skinner A, Mantini A, Kurtz Landy C. Scoping review on maternal health among immigrant and refugee women in Canada: prenatal, intrapartum, and postnatal care. J Pregnancy. 2017;2017:1–14.CrossRef Khanlou N, Haque N, Skinner A, Mantini A, Kurtz Landy C. Scoping review on maternal health among immigrant and refugee women in Canada: prenatal, intrapartum, and postnatal care. J Pregnancy. 2017;2017:1–14.CrossRef
10.
go back to reference WHO. Packages of interventions for family planning, safe abortion care, maternal, newborn and child health. Geneva: WHO; 2010. WHO. Packages of interventions for family planning, safe abortion care, maternal, newborn and child health. Geneva: WHO; 2010.
11.
go back to reference Small R, Gagnon A, Gissler M, Zeitlin J, Bennis M, Glazier R, et al. Somali women and their pregnancy outcomes postmigration: data from six receiving countries. BJOG. 2008;115(13):1630–40.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Small R, Gagnon A, Gissler M, Zeitlin J, Bennis M, Glazier R, et al. Somali women and their pregnancy outcomes postmigration: data from six receiving countries. BJOG. 2008;115(13):1630–40.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
12.
go back to reference Deacon Z, Sullivan C. Responding to the complex and gendered needs of refugee women. Affilia. 2009;24(3):272–84.CrossRef Deacon Z, Sullivan C. Responding to the complex and gendered needs of refugee women. Affilia. 2009;24(3):272–84.CrossRef
15.
go back to reference Gulliford M, Figueroa-Munoz J, Morgan M, Hughes D, Gibson B, Beech R, et al. What does “access to health care” mean? J Health Serv Res Policy. 2002;7(3):186–8.CrossRefPubMed Gulliford M, Figueroa-Munoz J, Morgan M, Hughes D, Gibson B, Beech R, et al. What does “access to health care” mean? J Health Serv Res Policy. 2002;7(3):186–8.CrossRefPubMed
17.
go back to reference Toubia N. Female genital mutilation: a full color quick reference chart. New York: Research, action and information network for bodily integrity of women (RAINBO); 1999. Toubia N. Female genital mutilation: a full color quick reference chart. New York: Research, action and information network for bodily integrity of women (RAINBO); 1999.
18.
go back to reference Lee C-C, Li D, Arai S, Puntillo K. Ensuring cross-cultural equivalence in translation of research consents and clinical documents: a systematic process for translating English to Chinese. J Transcult Nurs. 2009;20(1):77–82.CrossRefPubMed Lee C-C, Li D, Arai S, Puntillo K. Ensuring cross-cultural equivalence in translation of research consents and clinical documents: a systematic process for translating English to Chinese. J Transcult Nurs. 2009;20(1):77–82.CrossRefPubMed
19.
go back to reference Johnson CE, Ali SA, Shipp MP-L. Building community-based participatory research partnerships with a somali refugee community. Am J Prev Med. 2009;37(6S1):230–6.CrossRef Johnson CE, Ali SA, Shipp MP-L. Building community-based participatory research partnerships with a somali refugee community. Am J Prev Med. 2009;37(6S1):230–6.CrossRef
21.
go back to reference Gele AA, Johansen EB, Sundby J. When female circumcision comes to the West: attitudes toward the practice among Somali Immigrants in Oslo. BMC Public Health. 2012;12:697.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Gele AA, Johansen EB, Sundby J. When female circumcision comes to the West: attitudes toward the practice among Somali Immigrants in Oslo. BMC Public Health. 2012;12:697.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
22.
go back to reference Kim W, Keefe RH. Barriers to healthcare among Asian Americans. Soc Work Public Health. 2010;25(3–4):286–95.CrossRefPubMed Kim W, Keefe RH. Barriers to healthcare among Asian Americans. Soc Work Public Health. 2010;25(3–4):286–95.CrossRefPubMed
23.
24.
go back to reference Fang ML, Sixsmith J, Lawthom R, Mountian I, Shahrin A. Experiencing “pathologized presence and normalized absence”; understanding health related experiences and access to health care among Iraqi and Somali asylum seekers, refugees and persons without legal status. BMC Public Health. 2015;15:923.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Fang ML, Sixsmith J, Lawthom R, Mountian I, Shahrin A. Experiencing “pathologized presence and normalized absence”; understanding health related experiences and access to health care among Iraqi and Somali asylum seekers, refugees and persons without legal status. BMC Public Health. 2015;15:923.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
25.
go back to reference Riggs E, Davis E, Gibbs L, Block K, Szwarc J, Casey S, et al. Accessing maternal and child health services in Melbourne, Australia: reflections from refugee families and service providers. BMC Health Serv Res. 2012;12:117.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Riggs E, Davis E, Gibbs L, Block K, Szwarc J, Casey S, et al. Accessing maternal and child health services in Melbourne, Australia: reflections from refugee families and service providers. BMC Health Serv Res. 2012;12:117.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
26.
go back to reference Bulman KH, McCourt C. Somali refugee women’s experiences of maternity care in west London: a case study. Crit Public Health. 2002;12(4):365–80.CrossRef Bulman KH, McCourt C. Somali refugee women’s experiences of maternity care in west London: a case study. Crit Public Health. 2002;12(4):365–80.CrossRef
27.
go back to reference Kita S, Minatani M, Hikita N, Matsuzaki M, Shiraishi M, Haruna M. A systematic review of the physical, mental, social, and economic problems of immigrant women in the perinatal period in Japan. J Immigr Minor Health. 2015;17(6):1863–81.CrossRef Kita S, Minatani M, Hikita N, Matsuzaki M, Shiraishi M, Haruna M. A systematic review of the physical, mental, social, and economic problems of immigrant women in the perinatal period in Japan. J Immigr Minor Health. 2015;17(6):1863–81.CrossRef
28.
go back to reference Yoong W, Kolhe S, Karoshi M, Ullah M, Nauta M. The obstetric performance of United Kingdom asylum seekers from Somalia: a case-control study and literature review. Int J Fertil Womens Med. 2005;50(4):175–9.PubMed Yoong W, Kolhe S, Karoshi M, Ullah M, Nauta M. The obstetric performance of United Kingdom asylum seekers from Somalia: a case-control study and literature review. Int J Fertil Womens Med. 2005;50(4):175–9.PubMed
29.
go back to reference Hamid A, Grace KT, Warren N. A Meta-synthesis of the birth experiences of African immigrant women affected by female genital cutting. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2018;63(2):185–95.CrossRefPubMed Hamid A, Grace KT, Warren N. A Meta-synthesis of the birth experiences of African immigrant women affected by female genital cutting. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2018;63(2):185–95.CrossRefPubMed
30.
go back to reference Lazar JN, Johnson-Agbakwu CE, Davis OI, Shipp MP-L. Providers’ perceptions of challenges in obstetrical care for somali women. Obstet Gynecol Int. 2013;2013:149640.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Lazar JN, Johnson-Agbakwu CE, Davis OI, Shipp MP-L. Providers’ perceptions of challenges in obstetrical care for somali women. Obstet Gynecol Int. 2013;2013:149640.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
31.
go back to reference Pavlish CL, Noor S, Brandt J. Somali immigrant women and the American health care system: discordant beliefs, divergent expectations, and silent worries. Soc Sci Med. 2010;71(2):353–61.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Pavlish CL, Noor S, Brandt J. Somali immigrant women and the American health care system: discordant beliefs, divergent expectations, and silent worries. Soc Sci Med. 2010;71(2):353–61.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
32.
go back to reference Brown E, Carroll J, Fogarty C, Holt C. “They get a c-section… they gonna die”: Somali women’s fears of obstetrical interventions in the United States. J Transcult Nurs. 2010;21(3):220–7.CrossRefPubMed Brown E, Carroll J, Fogarty C, Holt C. “They get a c-section… they gonna die”: Somali women’s fears of obstetrical interventions in the United States. J Transcult Nurs. 2010;21(3):220–7.CrossRefPubMed
33.
go back to reference Carroll J, Epstein R, Fiscella K, Volpe E, Diaz K, Omar S. Knowledge and beliefs about health promotion and preventive health care among Somali women in the United States. Health Care Women Int. 2007;28(4):360–80.CrossRefPubMed Carroll J, Epstein R, Fiscella K, Volpe E, Diaz K, Omar S. Knowledge and beliefs about health promotion and preventive health care among Somali women in the United States. Health Care Women Int. 2007;28(4):360–80.CrossRefPubMed
34.
go back to reference Herrel N, Olevitch L, DuBois DK, Terry P, Thorp D, Kind E, et al. Somali refugee women speak out about their needs for care during pregnancy and delivery. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2004;49(4):345–9.CrossRefPubMed Herrel N, Olevitch L, DuBois DK, Terry P, Thorp D, Kind E, et al. Somali refugee women speak out about their needs for care during pregnancy and delivery. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2004;49(4):345–9.CrossRefPubMed
35.
go back to reference Small R, Roth C, Raval M, Shafiei T, Korfker D, Heaman M, et al. Immigrant and non-immigrant women’s experiences of maternity care: a systematic and comparative review of studies in five countries. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2014;14:152.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Small R, Roth C, Raval M, Shafiei T, Korfker D, Heaman M, et al. Immigrant and non-immigrant women’s experiences of maternity care: a systematic and comparative review of studies in five countries. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2014;14:152.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
36.
go back to reference Grove NJ, Zwi AB. Our health and theirs: Forced migration, othering, and public health. Soc Sci Med. 2006;62(8):1931–42.CrossRefPubMed Grove NJ, Zwi AB. Our health and theirs: Forced migration, othering, and public health. Soc Sci Med. 2006;62(8):1931–42.CrossRefPubMed
37.
go back to reference Johnson JL, Bottorff JL, Browne AJ, Grewal S, Hilton BA, Clarke H. Othering and being othered in the context of health care services. Health Commun. 2004;16(2):255–71.CrossRefPubMed Johnson JL, Bottorff JL, Browne AJ, Grewal S, Hilton BA, Clarke H. Othering and being othered in the context of health care services. Health Commun. 2004;16(2):255–71.CrossRefPubMed
38.
go back to reference Johnson-Agbakwu CE, Helm T, Killawi A, Padela AI. Perceptions of obstetrical interventions and female genital cutting: insights of men in a Somali refugee community. Ethn Health. 2014;19(4):440–57.CrossRefPubMed Johnson-Agbakwu CE, Helm T, Killawi A, Padela AI. Perceptions of obstetrical interventions and female genital cutting: insights of men in a Somali refugee community. Ethn Health. 2014;19(4):440–57.CrossRefPubMed
39.
go back to reference UNHCR. Convention and protocol relating to the status of refugees. Geneva: UNHCR 2010. UNHCR. Convention and protocol relating to the status of refugees. Geneva: UNHCR 2010.
Metadata
Title
Factors Associated with Access to Maternal and Reproductive Health Care among Somali Refugee Women Resettled in Ohio, United States: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors
Aduragbemi Banke-Thomas
Kafuli Agbemenu
Crista Johnson-Agbakwu
Publication date
01-10-2019
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health / Issue 5/2019
Print ISSN: 1557-1912
Electronic ISSN: 1557-1920
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-018-0824-4

Other articles of this Issue 5/2019

Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health 5/2019 Go to the issue