Top

Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health

Published in:

01-10-2014 | Original Paper

Strategies to Recruit Minority persons: A Systematic Review

Authors: Sarah Ibrahim, Souraya Sidani

Published in: Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health | Issue 5/2014

Abstract

To identify and describe strategies used to recruit persons of ethnically and culturally diverse backgrounds and to examine their reported effectiveness. Studies (n = 26) reporting on recruitment of persons of different cultural and ethnic backgrounds, published in English between 1995 and 2012, were included in this systematic review. Data on the type of recruitment strategies and overall reported effectiveness of the strategy in recruiting participants were extracted. The vote counting method was used to synthesize the findings on effectiveness. Both proactive (face-to-face) and reactive recruitment strategies (collaboration with key leaders, snowball and word of mouth, printed material, and broadcast media) and providing compensation, being flexible, building rapport and trust, and employing ethnically and culturally diverse research staff were effective in recruiting participants. A list of strategies that are effective in recruiting persons of diverse ethnic and cultural backgrounds were generated. Researchers can select the evidence-based strategies that are most applicable in the context of their study.

Butterfield PG, Yates SM, Rogers B, Healow JM. Overcoming subject recruitment challenges: strategies for successful collaboration with novice research agencies. Appl Nurs Res. 2003;16(1):46–52.PubMedCrossRef

Steinke EE. Research ethics, informed consent, and participant recruitment. Clin Nurse Specialist. 2004;18(2):88–95.CrossRef

Drew ABG, Baron-Cohen S, Cox A, Slonims V, Wheelwright S, Swettenham J, Berry B, Charman T. A pilot randomized control trial of a parent training intervention for pre-school children with autism: preliminary findings and methodological challenges. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2002;11:266–72.PubMedCrossRef

Gross D, Fogg L. Clinical trials in the 21st century: the case for participant-centered research. Res Nurs Health. 2001;24:530–9.PubMedCrossRef

Gul RB, Ali PA. Clinical trials: the challenge of recruitment and retention of participants. J Clin Nurs. 2010;19(1–2):227–33.PubMedCrossRef

Torgerson JS, Arlinger K, Kappi M, Sjostrom L. Principles for enhanced recruitment of subjects in a large clinical trial. Control Clin Trials. 2001;22:515–25.PubMedCrossRef

Watson JM, Torgerson DJ. Increasing recruitment to randomised trials: a review of randomised controlled trials. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2006;6:34.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

Webb MS, Seigers D, Wood EA. Recruiting African American smokers into intervention research: relationships between recruitment strategies and participant characteristics. Res Nurs Health. 2009;32(1):86–95.PubMedCrossRef

Kaluzny A, Brawley O, Garson-Angert D, Shaw J, Godley P, Warnecke R, Ford L. Assuring access to state- of-the-art care for U.S. minority populations: the first 2 years of the minority-based community clinical oncology program. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1993;85(23):1945–50.PubMedCrossRef

10.

King AC, Harris RB, Haskell WL. Effect of recruitment strategy on types of subjects entered into a primary prevention clinical trial. Ann Epidemiol. 1994;4(4):312–20.PubMedCrossRef

11.

National Institutes of Health (NIH). Women and minority recruiting: intervention testing. NIH Guide 1996;25(1).

12.

Streubert HJ, Carpenter DR. Qualitative research in nursing: advancing the humanistic imperative. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2007.

13.

Corbie-Smith G, Thomas SB, St. George DM. Distrust, race, and research. Arch Intern Med. 2002;162(21):2458–63.PubMedCrossRef

14.

Earl CE, Penney PJ. The significance of trust in the research consent process with African Americans. West J Nurs Res. 2001;23(7):753–62.PubMedCrossRef

15.

Levine R. Ethics and regulation of clinical research. 2nd ed. Baltimore: Urban & Schwarzenberg; 1986.

16.

Huang HH, Coker AD. Examining issues affecting African American participation in research studies. J Black Stud. 2010;40(4):619–36.CrossRef

17.

Fouad MN, Patridge E, Green BL, Kobler C, Wynn T, Nagy S, Churchill S. Minority recruitment in clinical trials: a conference at Tuskegee, researchers and the community. Ann Epidemiol. 2000;10(Suppl. 8):S35–40.PubMedCrossRef

18.

LaVeist TA, Nickerson KJ, Bowie JV. Attitudes about racism, medical mistrust, and satisfaction with care among African American and white cardiac patients. Med Care Res Rev. 2000;57(Suppl. 1):146–61.PubMedCrossRef

19.

Moreno-John G, Gachie A, Fleming CM, Napoles-Springer A, Mutran E, Manson SM, Perez-Stable EJ. Ethnic minority older adults participating in clinical research developing trust. J Aging Health. 2004;16(5):93S–123S.PubMedCrossRef

20.

Ballard EL, Nash F, Raiford K, Harrell LE. Recruitment of black elderly for clinical research studies of dementia: the CERAD experience. The Gerontol. 1993;33(4):561–5.CrossRef

21.

Mohammadi N, Jones T, Evans M. Participant recruitment from minority religious groups: the case of the Islamic population in South Australia. Int Nurs Rev. 2008;55(4):393–8.PubMedCrossRef

22.

Duant DJ. Ethnicity and recruitment rates in clinical research methods. Clin Methods. 2003;16(3):189–95.

23.

Knobf MT, Juarez G, Lee SYK, Sun V, Sun Y, Haozous E. Challenges and strategies in recruitment of ethnically diverse populations for cancer nursing research. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2007;34(6):1187–94.PubMedCrossRef

24.

Cooper H. Synthesizing research: a guide for literature reviews. 3rd ed. Thousand Oaks: Sage; 1998.

25.

Hendrickson SG. Video recruitment of non-English-speaking participants. West J Nurs Res. 2007;29(2):232–42.PubMedCrossRef

26.

Gilliss CL, Lee KA, Gutierrez Y, Taylor D, Beyene Y, Neuhaus J, Murrell N. Recruitment and retention of healthy minority women into community-based longitudinal research. J Women’s Health Gend Based Med. 2001;10(1):77–85.CrossRef

27.

Horowitz CR, Brenner BL, Lachapelle S, Amara DA, Arniella G. Effective recruitment of minority populations through community-led strategies. Am J Prev Med. 2009;27(6):S195–200.CrossRef

28.

King DW, Duello TM, Miranda PY, Hodges KP, Shelton AJ, Chukelu P, Jones LA. Strategies for recruitment of healthy premenopausal women into the African American nutrition for life (A NULIFE) study. J Women’s Health. 2010;19(5):855–62.CrossRef

29.

Jones RA, Steeves R, Williams I. Strategies for recruiting African American men into prostate cancer screening studies. Nurs Res. 2009;58(6):452–6.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

30.

Banks-Wallace J, Enyart J, Johnson C. Recruitment and entrance of participants into a physical activity intervention for hypertensive African American women. Adv Nurs Sci. 2004;27(2):102–16.CrossRef

31.

Ellish NJ, Scott D, Royak-Schaler R, Higginbotham EJ. Community-based strategies for recruiting older, African Americans into a behavioural intervention study. J Natl Med Assoc. 2009;101(11):1104–11.PubMedCentralPubMed

32.

Taylor-Piliae R, Froelicher ES. Methods to optimize recruitment and retention to an exercise study in Chinese immigrants. Nurs Res. 2007;56(2):132–6.PubMedCrossRef

33.

Williams M, Turkheimer E. The effects of interviewer race on anxiety in African-Americans. In: Sebeki LV, editor. Leading-edge health education issues. New York: Nova Publishers; 2008.

34.

Kahan D, Al-Tamimi A. Strategies for recruiting Middle-Eastern American young adults for physical activity research: a case of snowballs and Salaam. J Immigr Minor Health. 2009;11(5):380–90.PubMedCrossRef

35.

Lee YH, Salman A, Wang F. Recruiting Chinese American adolescents to HIV/AIDS-related research: a lesson learned from a cross-sectional study. Appl Nurs Res. 2010;25(1):40–6.PubMedCrossRef

36.

Larkey LK, Gonzalez JA, Mar LE, Glantz N. Latina recruitment for cancer prevention education via community based participatory research strategies. Contemp Clin Trials. 2009;30:47–54.PubMedCrossRef

37.

Nichols L, Martindale-Adams J, Burns R, Coon D, Ory M, Mahoney D, Tarlow B, Burgio L, Gallagher-Thompson D, Giu D, Arguelles T, Winter L. Social marketing as a framework for recruitment illustrations from the REACH study. J Aging Health. 2004;16(5):157S–76S.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

38.

Kennedy BM, Kumanyika S, Ard JD, Reams P, Johnson CA, Karanja N, Charleston JB, Appel LJ, Maurice V, Harsha DW. Overall and minority-focused recruitment strategies in the PREMIER multicenter trial of lifestyle interventions for blood pressure control. Contemp Clin Trials. 2010;31(1):49–54.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

39.

Brown DR, Fouad MN, Basen-Engquist K, Tortolero-Luna G. Recruitment and retention of minority women in cancer screening, prevention, and treatment trials. Ann Epidemiol. 2000;10(8):S13–21.PubMedCrossRef

40.

Choi NG, Smith J. Reaching out to racial/ethnic minority older persons for elderly nutrition programs. J Nutr Elder. 2004;24(1):89–104.PubMedCrossRef

41.

Williams M, Powers M, Yun YG, Foa E. Minority participation in randomized controlled trials for obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Anxiety Disord. 2010;4(2):171–7.

42.

Feldman S, Radermacher H, Browning C, Bird S, Thomas S. Challenge of recruitment and retention of older people from culturally diverse communities in research. Ageing Soc. 2008;28(4):473–93.CrossRef

43.

Hooks PC, Tsong Y, Baranowski T, Henske JC, Nader PR, Levin JS. Recruitment strategies for multiethnic family and community health research. Fam Community Health. 1988;11(1):48–59.PubMedCrossRef

44.

Chasan-Taber L, Fortner R, Hastings V, Markenson G. Strategies for recruiting Hispanic women into a prospective cohort study of modifiable risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus. BMJ Pregnancy Childbirth. 2009;9(1):57–65.CrossRef

45.

Jackson JS, Torres M, Caldwell CH, Neighbors HW, Nesse RM, Taylor RJ, Trierweiler SJ, Williams DR. The national survey of American life: a study of racial, ethnic, and cultural influences on mental disorders and mental health. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. 2004;13:196–207.PubMedCrossRef

46.

Malgady RG, Costantino G. Symptom severity in bilingual Hispanics as a function of clinician ethnicity and language of interview. Psychol Assess. 1998;10:120–7.CrossRef

47.

Witte SS, El-Bassel N, Gilbert L, Wu E, Chang M, Steinglass P. Recruitment of minority women and their main sexual partner in an HIV/STI prevention trial. J Women’s Health. 2004;13(10):1137–47.CrossRef

48.

Cabral DN, Napoles-Springer AM, Miike R, McMillan A, Sison JD, Wrensh MR, Perez-Stable EJ, Wiencke J. Population-and-community-based recruitment of African Americans and Latinos: the San Francisco Bay Area lung cancer study. Am J Epidemiol. 2003;158(3):272–79.

49.

Hines-Martin V, Speck BJ, Stetson B, Looney SW. Understanding systems and rhythms for minority recruitment in intervention research. Res Nurs Health. 2009;32(6):657–70.

50.

Moinpour CM, Atkinson JO, Thomas SM, Underwood SM, Harvey C, Parzuchowski J, et al. Minority recruitment in the prostate cancer prevention trial. Ann Epidemiol . 2000;10(8):S85-S91.

Title: Strategies to Recruit Minority persons: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sarah Ibrahim
Souraya Sidani
Publication date: 01-10-2014
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health / Issue 5/2014
Print ISSN: 1557-1912
Electronic ISSN: 1557-1920
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-013-9783-y

ACC 2024 Congress

Springer Medicine

Strategies to Recruit Minority persons: A Systematic Review

Abstract

ACC 2024 Congress

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 5/2014

Nicotine Dependence More Strongly Correlates with Psychological Distress in Disadvantaged Areas of Kazakhstan than Germany

Premigration Harm and Depression: Findings from the New Immigrant Survey, 2003

Erratum to: Musculoskeletal Injury, Functional Disability, and Health-Related Quality of Life in Aging Mexican Immigrant Farmworkers

HIV Testing Histories and Risk Factors Among Migrants and Recent Immigrants Who Received Rapid HIV Testing from Three Community-Based Organizations

Immigrant Community Leaders Identify Four Dimensions of Trust for Culturally Appropriate Diabetes Education and Care

Oral Health of Foreign Domestic Workers: Exploring the Social Determinants