Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Journal of Community Health 6/2016

01-12-2016 | Original Paper

Measuring the Developing Therapeutic Relationship Between Pregnant Women and Community Health Workers Over the Course of the Pregnancy in a Study Intervention

Authors: Maureen Y. Lichtveld, Arti Shankar, Chris Mundorf, Anna Hassan, Stacy Drury

Published in: Journal of Community Health | Issue 6/2016

Login to get access

Abstract

The Scale to Assess the Therapeutic Relationship in Community Mental Health Care (STAR) is a frequently-administered tool for measuring therapeutic relationships between clinicians and patients. This manuscript tested the STAR’s psychometric properties within a community health worker (CHW)-led intervention study involving pregnant and postpartum women. Women (n = 141) enrolled in the study completed the 12-item participant STAR survey (STAR-P) at two time points over the course of pregnancy and at two time points after delivery. The factor structure of the STAR-P proved to be unstable with this population. However, a revised 9-item STAR-P revealed a two-factor model of positive and negative interactions, and demonstrated strong internal consistency at postpartum time points. The revised STAR-P shows strong psychometric properties, and is suitable for use to evaluate the relationship developed between CHWs and pregnant and postpartum women in an intervention program.
Literature
2.
go back to reference Cohen, S., & Wills, T. A. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 98(2), 310.CrossRefPubMed Cohen, S., & Wills, T. A. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 98(2), 310.CrossRefPubMed
3.
go back to reference Collins, N. L., Dunkel-Schetter, C., Lobel, M., & Scrimshaw, S. C. (1993). Social support in pregnancy: Psychosocial correlates of birth outcomes and postpartum depression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65(6), 1243.CrossRefPubMed Collins, N. L., Dunkel-Schetter, C., Lobel, M., & Scrimshaw, S. C. (1993). Social support in pregnancy: Psychosocial correlates of birth outcomes and postpartum depression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65(6), 1243.CrossRefPubMed
4.
go back to reference Comrey, A. L., & Lee, H. B. (2013). A first course in factor analysis. Psychology Press. Comrey, A. L., & Lee, H. B. (2013). A first course in factor analysis. Psychology Press.
5.
go back to reference Dunkel-Schetter, C., Sagrestano, L. M., Feldman, P. A., & Killingsworth, C. (1996). Social support and pregnancy. In Handbook of social support and the family (pp. 375–412). Springer US. Dunkel-Schetter, C., Sagrestano, L. M., Feldman, P. A., & Killingsworth, C. (1996). Social support and pregnancy. In Handbook of social support and the family (pp. 375–412). Springer US.
6.
go back to reference Feldman, P. J., Dunkel-Schetter, C., Sandman, C. A., & Wadhwa, P. D. (2000). Maternal social support predicts birth weight and fetal growth in human pregnancy. Psychosomatic Medicine, 62(5), 715–725.CrossRefPubMed Feldman, P. J., Dunkel-Schetter, C., Sandman, C. A., & Wadhwa, P. D. (2000). Maternal social support predicts birth weight and fetal growth in human pregnancy. Psychosomatic Medicine, 62(5), 715–725.CrossRefPubMed
7.
go back to reference Gairing, S. K., Jäger, M., Ketteler, D., Rössler, W., & Theodoridou, A. (2011). Evaluation of the German version of the STAR scale. Psychiatrische Praxis, 38(4), 178–184.CrossRefPubMed Gairing, S. K., Jäger, M., Ketteler, D., Rössler, W., & Theodoridou, A. (2011). Evaluation of the German version of the STAR scale. Psychiatrische Praxis, 38(4), 178–184.CrossRefPubMed
8.
go back to reference Kvrgic, S., Beck, E.-M., Cavelti, M., Kossowsky, J., Stieglitz, R.-D., & Vauth, R. (2012). Focusing on the adult attachment style in schizophrenia in community mental health centres: Validation of the Psychosis Attachment Measure (PAM) in a German-speaking sample. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 58(4), 362–373.CrossRefPubMed Kvrgic, S., Beck, E.-M., Cavelti, M., Kossowsky, J., Stieglitz, R.-D., & Vauth, R. (2012). Focusing on the adult attachment style in schizophrenia in community mental health centres: Validation of the Psychosis Attachment Measure (PAM) in a German-speaking sample. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 58(4), 362–373.CrossRefPubMed
9.
go back to reference Lichtveld, M. Y., & Arosemena, F. A. (2014). Resilience in the Aftermath of the Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill: An Academic-Community Partnership to Improve Health Education, Social Support, Access to Care, and Disaster Preparedness. Paper presented at the International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings. Lichtveld, M. Y., & Arosemena, F. A. (2014). Resilience in the Aftermath of the Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill: An Academic-Community Partnership to Improve Health Education, Social Support, Access to Care, and Disaster Preparedness. Paper presented at the International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings.
10.
go back to reference Loos, S., Kilian, R., Becker, T., Janssen, B., Freyberger, H., Spiessl, H., et al. (2015). Psychometric properties of the German version of the scale to assess the therapeutic relationship in community mental health care (D-STAR). European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 28(4), 255–261.CrossRef Loos, S., Kilian, R., Becker, T., Janssen, B., Freyberger, H., Spiessl, H., et al. (2015). Psychometric properties of the German version of the scale to assess the therapeutic relationship in community mental health care (D-STAR). European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 28(4), 255–261.CrossRef
11.
go back to reference Mcguire-Snieckus, R., McCABE, R., Catty, J., Hansson, L., & Priebe, S. (2007). A new scale to assess the therapeutic relationship in community mental health care: STAR. Psychological Medicine, 37(01), 85–95.CrossRefPubMed Mcguire-Snieckus, R., McCABE, R., Catty, J., Hansson, L., & Priebe, S. (2007). A new scale to assess the therapeutic relationship in community mental health care: STAR. Psychological Medicine, 37(01), 85–95.CrossRefPubMed
12.
go back to reference Nemcek, M. A., & Sabatier, R. (2003). State of evaluation: community health workers. Public Health Nursing, 20(4), 260–270.CrossRefPubMed Nemcek, M. A., & Sabatier, R. (2003). State of evaluation: community health workers. Public Health Nursing, 20(4), 260–270.CrossRefPubMed
13.
go back to reference Norbeck, J. S., & Anderson, N. J. (1989). Psychosocial predictors of pregnancy outcomes in low-income black, Hispanic, and white women. Nursing Research, 38(4), 204–209.CrossRefPubMed Norbeck, J. S., & Anderson, N. J. (1989). Psychosocial predictors of pregnancy outcomes in low-income black, Hispanic, and white women. Nursing Research, 38(4), 204–209.CrossRefPubMed
14.
go back to reference Norris, S. L., Chowdhury, F. M., Van Le, K., Horsley, T., Brownstein, J. N., Zhang, X., & Satterfield, D. W. (2006). Effectiveness of community health workers in the care of persons with diabetes. Diabetic Medicine, 23(5), 544–556.CrossRefPubMed Norris, S. L., Chowdhury, F. M., Van Le, K., Horsley, T., Brownstein, J. N., Zhang, X., & Satterfield, D. W. (2006). Effectiveness of community health workers in the care of persons with diabetes. Diabetic Medicine, 23(5), 544–556.CrossRefPubMed
15.
go back to reference Nunnally, J. C., Bernstein, I. H., & Berge, J. M. T. (1967). Psychometric theory (Vol. 226). New York: McGraw-Hill. Nunnally, J. C., Bernstein, I. H., & Berge, J. M. T. (1967). Psychometric theory (Vol. 226). New York: McGraw-Hill.
16.
go back to reference O’hara, M. W., & Swain, A. M. (1996). Rates and risk of postpartum depression-a meta-analysis. International Review of Psychiatry, 8(1), 37–54.CrossRef O’hara, M. W., & Swain, A. M. (1996). Rates and risk of postpartum depression-a meta-analysis. International Review of Psychiatry, 8(1), 37–54.CrossRef
17.
go back to reference Park, S. G., Derman, M., Dixon, L. B., Brown, C. H., Klingaman, E. A., Fang, L. J., et al. (2014). Factors associated with shared decision-making preferences among veterans with serious mental illness. Psychiatric Services, 65(12), 1409–1413.CrossRefPubMed Park, S. G., Derman, M., Dixon, L. B., Brown, C. H., Klingaman, E. A., Fang, L. J., et al. (2014). Factors associated with shared decision-making preferences among veterans with serious mental illness. Psychiatric Services, 65(12), 1409–1413.CrossRefPubMed
18.
go back to reference Roman, L. A., Gardiner, J. C., Lindsay, J. K., Moore, J. S., Luo, Z., Baer, L. J., & Fitzgerald, H. E. (2009). Alleviating perinatal depressive symptoms and stress: A nurse-community health worker randomized trial. Archives of Women’s Mental Health, 12(6), 379–391.CrossRefPubMed Roman, L. A., Gardiner, J. C., Lindsay, J. K., Moore, J. S., Luo, Z., Baer, L. J., & Fitzgerald, H. E. (2009). Alleviating perinatal depressive symptoms and stress: A nurse-community health worker randomized trial. Archives of Women’s Mental Health, 12(6), 379–391.CrossRefPubMed
19.
go back to reference Roman, L. A., Raffo, J. E., & Meghea, C. I. (2012). Maternal perceptions of help from home visits by Nurse-Community Health Worker Teams. American Journal of Public Health, 102(4), 643–645.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Roman, L. A., Raffo, J. E., & Meghea, C. I. (2012). Maternal perceptions of help from home visits by Nurse-Community Health Worker Teams. American Journal of Public Health, 102(4), 643–645.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
20.
go back to reference Rugkåsa, J., Molodynski, A., Yeeles, K., Vazquez Montes, M., Visser, C., & Burns, T. (2015). Community treatment orders: Clinical and social outcomes, and a subgroup analysis from the OCTET RCT. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 131(5), 321–329.CrossRefPubMed Rugkåsa, J., Molodynski, A., Yeeles, K., Vazquez Montes, M., Visser, C., & Burns, T. (2015). Community treatment orders: Clinical and social outcomes, and a subgroup analysis from the OCTET RCT. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 131(5), 321–329.CrossRefPubMed
21.
go back to reference Scheppers, E., Van Dongen, E., Dekker, J., Geertzen, J., & Dekker, J. (2006). Potential barriers to the use of health services among ethnic minorities: A review. Family Practice, 23(3), 325–348.CrossRefPubMed Scheppers, E., Van Dongen, E., Dekker, J., Geertzen, J., & Dekker, J. (2006). Potential barriers to the use of health services among ethnic minorities: A review. Family Practice, 23(3), 325–348.CrossRefPubMed
22.
go back to reference Slusser, W. (2007). Breastfeeding and maternal and infant health outcomes in developed countries. AAP Grand Rounds, 18(2), 15–16.CrossRef Slusser, W. (2007). Breastfeeding and maternal and infant health outcomes in developed countries. AAP Grand Rounds, 18(2), 15–16.CrossRef
23.
go back to reference Spielberger, C. D., & Gorsuch, R. L. (1983). State-trait anxiety inventory for adults: Manual, instrument, and scoring guide. Menlo Park: Mind Garden, Incorporated. Spielberger, C. D., & Gorsuch, R. L. (1983). State-trait anxiety inventory for adults: Manual, instrument, and scoring guide. Menlo Park: Mind Garden, Incorporated.
25.
go back to reference Theodoridou, A., Schlatter, F., Ajdacic, V., Rössler, W., & Jäger, M. (2012). Therapeutic relationship in the context of perceived coercion in a psychiatric population. Psychiatry Research, 200(2), 939–944.CrossRefPubMed Theodoridou, A., Schlatter, F., Ajdacic, V., Rössler, W., & Jäger, M. (2012). Therapeutic relationship in the context of perceived coercion in a psychiatric population. Psychiatry Research, 200(2), 939–944.CrossRefPubMed
26.
go back to reference Truxillo, C. (2008). Multivariate statistical methods: Practical research applications. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc. Truxillo, C. (2008). Multivariate statistical methods: Practical research applications. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc.
27.
go back to reference Viswanathan, M., Kraschnewski, J. L., Nishikawa, B., Morgan, L. C., Honeycutt, A. A., Thieda, P., & Jonas, D. E. (2010). Outcomes and costs of community health worker interventions: A systematic review. Medical Care, 48(9), 792–808.CrossRefPubMed Viswanathan, M., Kraschnewski, J. L., Nishikawa, B., Morgan, L. C., Honeycutt, A. A., Thieda, P., & Jonas, D. E. (2010). Outcomes and costs of community health worker interventions: A systematic review. Medical Care, 48(9), 792–808.CrossRefPubMed
29.
go back to reference Whitley, E. M., Everhart, R. M., & Wright, R. A. (2006). Measuring return on investment of outreach by community health workers. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 17(1), 6–15.CrossRefPubMed Whitley, E. M., Everhart, R. M., & Wright, R. A. (2006). Measuring return on investment of outreach by community health workers. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 17(1), 6–15.CrossRefPubMed
30.
go back to reference Wittorf, A., Jakobi, U. E., Bannert, K. K., Bechdolf, A., Müller, B. W., Sartory, G., & Herrlich, J. (2010). Does the cognitive dispute of psychotic symptoms do harm to the therapeutic alliance? The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 198(7), 478–485.CrossRefPubMed Wittorf, A., Jakobi, U. E., Bannert, K. K., Bechdolf, A., Müller, B. W., Sartory, G., & Herrlich, J. (2010). Does the cognitive dispute of psychotic symptoms do harm to the therapeutic alliance? The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 198(7), 478–485.CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Measuring the Developing Therapeutic Relationship Between Pregnant Women and Community Health Workers Over the Course of the Pregnancy in a Study Intervention
Authors
Maureen Y. Lichtveld
Arti Shankar
Chris Mundorf
Anna Hassan
Stacy Drury
Publication date
01-12-2016
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Journal of Community Health / Issue 6/2016
Print ISSN: 0094-5145
Electronic ISSN: 1573-3610
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-016-0198-2

Other articles of this Issue 6/2016

Journal of Community Health 6/2016 Go to the issue