Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

A round-up of the ONWARDS phase 3 clinical trials evaluating the novel weekly insulin icodec in people with diabetes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Journal of Community Health
Published in: Journal of Community Health 2/2013

01-04-2013 | Original Paper

The Influence of Neighborhood Characteristics on the Relationship Between Discrimination and Increased Drug-Using Social Ties Among Illicit Drug Users

Authors: Natalie D. Crawford, Luisa N. Borrell, Sandro Galea, Chandra Ford, Carl Latkin, Crystal M. Fuller

Published in: Journal of Community Health | Issue 2/2013

Login to get access

Abstract

Social discrimination may isolate drug users into higher risk relationships, particularly in disadvantaged neighborhood environments where drug trade occurs. We used negative binomial regression accounting for clustering of individuals within their recruitment neighborhood to investigate the relationship between high-risk drug ties with various forms of social discrimination, neighborhood minority composition, poverty and education. Results show that experiencing discrimination due to drug use is significantly associated with more drug ties in neighborhoods with fewer blacks. Future social network and discrimination research should assess the role of neighborhood social cohesion.
Literature
1.
Friedman, S. R., & Aral, S. (2001). Social networks, risk-potential networks, health, and disease. Journal of Urban Health, 78(3), 411–418.PubMedCrossRef
2.
Suh, T., Mandell, W., Latkin, C., & Kim, J. (1997). Social network characteristics and injecting HIV-risk behaviors among street injection drug users. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 47(2), 137–143.PubMedCrossRef
3.
Latkin, C. A., Hua, W., & Forman, V. L. (2003). The relationship between social network characteristics and exchanging sex for drugs or money among drug users in Baltimore, MD, USA. International Journal of STD and AIDS, 14(11), 770–775.PubMedCrossRef
4.
Blendon, R. J., & Young, J. T. (1998). The public and the war on illicit drugs. JAMA, 279(11), 827–832.PubMedCrossRef
5.
Ahern, J., Stuber, J., & Galea, S. (2007). Stigma, discrimination and the health of illicit drug users. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 88(2–3), 188–196.PubMedCrossRef
6.
Crawford, N. D., Ford C., Galea S., Latkin C., Jones K. C., & Fuller C. M. (2012). The relationship between perceived discrimination and high-risk social ties among illicit drug users in New York city, 2006–2009. AIDS and Behavior. doi:10.​1007/​s10461-012-0201-6.
7.
Young, M., Stuber, J., Ahern, J., & Galea, S. (2005). Interpersonal discrimination and the health of illicit drug users. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 31(3), 371–391.PubMedCrossRef
8.
Gonzalez, M. C., Hidalgo, C. A., & Barabasi, A. L. (2008). Understanding individual human mobility patterns. Nature, 453(7196), 779–782.PubMedCrossRef
9.
Jones, C. (2000). Levels of racism: A theoretic framework and a gardener’s tale. American Journal of Public Health, 90(8), 1212–1215.PubMedCrossRef
10.
Jones, C. (2003). Confronting institutionalized racism (Vol. 50, pp. 7–22). Phylon: The Clark Atlanta University Review of Race and Culture.
11.
Jary, D., & Jary, J. (2003). Collins dictionary of sociology (2nd ed.). Glasgow: Harper Collins Publishers.
12.
Dailey, A. B., Kasl, S. V., Holford, T. R., Lewis, T. T., & Jones, B. A. (2010). Neighborhood- and individual-level socioeconomic variation in perceptions of racial discrimination. Ethnicity Health, 15(2), 145–163.PubMedCrossRef
13.
Hunt, M. O., Wise, L. A., Jipguep, M., Cozier, Y. C., & Rosenberg, L. (2007). Neighborhood racial composition and perceptions of racial discrimination: Evidence from the black women’s health study. Social Psychology Quarterly, 70(3), 272–289.CrossRef
14.
Wagner, F., Diaz, D. B., Lopez, A. L., Collado, M. E., & Aldaz, E. (2002). Social cohesion, cultural identity, and drug use in Mexican rural communities. Substance Use and Misuse, 37(5–7), 715–747.PubMedCrossRef
15.
Walters, K. L., Simoni, J. M., & Evans-Campbell, T. (2002). Substance use among American Indians and Alaska natives: Incorporating culture in an “indigenist” stress-coping paradigm. Public Health Reports, 117(Suppl 1), S104–S117.PubMed
16.
Landrine, H., & Corral, I. (2009). Separate and unequal: Residential segregation and black health disparities. Ethnicity and Disease, 19(2), 179–184.PubMed
17.
Cutrona, C. E., Wallace, G., & Wesner, K. A. (2006). Neighborhood characteristics and depression: An examination of stress processes. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 15(4), 188–192.PubMedCrossRef
18.
Rudolph, A. E., Crawford, N. D., Latkin, C., et al. (2011). Subpopulations of illicit drug users reached by targeted street outreach and respondent-driven sampling strategies: Implications for research and public health practice. Annals of Epidemiology, 21(4), 280–289.PubMedCrossRef
19.
Heckathorn, D. (1997). Respondent -driven sampling: A new approach to sampling hidden populations. Social Problems, 44(2), 174–199.CrossRef
20.
Broadhead, R. S., Heckathorn, D. D., Grund, J. P., Stern, S., & Anthony, D. L. (1995). Drug users versus outreach workers in combating aids: Preliminaryresults of a peer-driven intervention. Journal of Drug Issues, 25(3), 531–564.
21.
Vlahov, D., Anthony, J. C., Celentano, D., Solomon, L., & Chowdhury, N. (1991). Trends of HIV-1 risk reduction among initiates into intravenous drug use 1982–1987. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 17(1), 39–48.PubMedCrossRef
22.
Anthony, J. C., Vlahov, D., Celentano, D., Menon, A. S., Margolick, J., & Cohn, S. (1991). Self-report interview data for a study of HIV-1 infection among intravenous drug users: Description of methods and preliminary evidence on validity. The Journal of Drug Issues, 21(4), 739–757.
23.
Lee, L., McKenna, M., & Sharpe, T. (2003). Hiv diagnoses among injection-drug users in states with HIV surveillance–25 states, 1994–2000. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 52(27), 634–636.
24.
Krieger, N. (1990). Racial and gender discrimination: Risk factors for high blood pressure? Social Science and Medicine, 30(12), 1273–1281.PubMedCrossRef
25.
Krieger, N., & Sidney, S. (1996). Racial discrimination and blood pressure: The cardia study of young black and white adults. American Journal of Public Health, 86(10), 1370–1378.PubMedCrossRef
26.
Ahmed, A. T., Mohammed, S. A., & Williams, D. R. (2007). Racial discrimination & health: Pathways & evidence. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 126(4), 318–327.PubMed
27.
Latkin, C., Mandell, W., Oziemkowska, M., Vlahov, D., & Celentano, D. (1994). The relationships between sexual behavior, alcohol use, and personal network characteristics among injecting drug users in Baltimore, Maryland. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 21(3), 161–167.PubMedCrossRef
28.
Latkin, C. A., Forman, V., Knowlton, A., & Sherman, S. (2003). Norms, social networks, and HIV-related risk behaviors among urban disadvantaged drug users. Social Science and Medicine, 56(3), 465–476.PubMedCrossRef
29.
Mandell, W., Kim, J., Latkin, C., & Suh, T. (1999). Depressive symptoms, drug network, and their synergistic effect on needle-sharing behavior among street injection drug users. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 25(1), 117–127.PubMedCrossRef
30.
Courtwright, A. (2008). The social determinants of health: Moving beyond justice. The American Journal of Bioethics, 8(10), 16–17.PubMedCrossRef
31.
Smedley, A., & Smedley, B. D. (2005). Race as biology is fiction, racism as a social problem is real: Anthropological and historical perspectives on the social construction of race. American Psychologist, 60(1), 16–26.PubMedCrossRef
32.
Fuller, C. M., Borrell, L. N., Latkin, C. A., et al. (2005). Effects of race, neighborhood, and social network on age at initiation of injection drug use. American Journal of Public Health, 95(4), 689–695.PubMedCrossRef
33.
State and county quickfacts. Data derived from population estimates, american community survey, census of population and housing, small area income and poverty estimates, county business patterns, economic census, survey of business owners, building permits, consolidated federal funds report, census of governments 2011: Census.gov.
34.
Hubbard, A. E., Ahern, J., Fleischer, N. L., et al. (2010). To gee or not to gee: Comparing population average and mixed models for estimating the associations between neighborhood risk factors and health. Epidemiology, 21(4), 467–474.PubMedCrossRef
35.
SAS Institute Inc. (2008). Sas ® 9.2, E.L. (Facilities, Editor 2008). Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc.
36.
Friedman, S. R., Cooper, H. L., & Osborne, A. H. (2009). Structural and social contexts of HIV risk among african americans. American Journal of Public Health, 99(6), 1002–1008.PubMedCrossRef
37.
Diez Roux, A. V., & Mair, C. (2010). Neighborhoods and health. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1186, 125–145.PubMedCrossRef
38.
Kadushin, C., Reber, E., Saxe, L., & Livert, D. (1998). The substance use system: Social and neighborhood environments associated with substance use and misuse. Substance Use and Misuse, 33(8), 1681–1710.PubMedCrossRef
39.
Liu, K. Y., King, M., & Bearman, P. S. (2010). Social influence and the autism epidemic. AJS, 115(5), 1387–1434.PubMed
40.
Golub, E. T., Strathdee, S. A., Bailey, S. L., et al. (2007). Distributive syringe sharing among young adult injection drug users in five U.S. Cities. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 91(Suppl 1), S30–S38.PubMedCrossRef
41.
Geronimus, A. T., & Bound, J. (1998). Use of census-based aggregate variables to proxy for socioeconomic group: Evidence from national samples. American Journal of Epidemiology, 148(5), 475–486.PubMedCrossRef
42.
Genberg, B. L., Gange, S. J., Go, V. F., et al. (2011). The effect of neighborhood deprivation and residential relocation on long-term injection cessation among injection drug users (Idus) in Baltimore, Maryland. Addiction, 106(11), 1966–1974.PubMedCrossRef
43.
Paradies, Y. (2006). A systematic review of empirical research on self-reported racism and health. International Journal of Epidemiology, 35(4), 888–901.PubMedCrossRef
44.
De, P., Cox, J., Boivin, J. F., Platt, R. W., & Jolly, A. M. (2007). The importance of social networks in their association to drug equipment sharing among injection drug users: A review. Addiction, 102(11), 1730–1739.PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
The Influence of Neighborhood Characteristics on the Relationship Between Discrimination and Increased Drug-Using Social Ties Among Illicit Drug Users
Authors
Natalie D. Crawford
Luisa N. Borrell
Sandro Galea
Chandra Ford
Carl Latkin
Crystal M. Fuller
Publication date
01-04-2013
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Journal of Community Health / Issue 2/2013
Print ISSN: 0094-5145
Electronic ISSN: 1573-3610
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-012-9618-0

Other articles of this Issue 2/2013

Journal of Community Health 2/2013 Go to the issue

Original Paper

Burden of Healthcare Utilization and Out-of-Pocket Costs Among Individuals with NCDs in an Indian Setting

Original Paper

Transitions in Dual Care for Veterans: Non-Federal Physician Perspectives

Original Paper

The Silent Epidemic of Reproductive Morbidity Among Ever Married Women (15–49 Years) in an Urban Area of Delhi

Original Paper

Awareness and Knowledge of Sexually Transmitted Diseases Among Secondary School Students in Two German Cities

Original Paper

Improvements in Health Behaviors and Health Status Among Newly Insured Members of an Innovative Health Access Plan

Original Paper

Self-Reported Barriers to Colorectal Cancer Screening in a Racially Diverse, Low-Income Study Population