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Open Access 01-06-2018 | Original Paper

Cross Validation of the Gambling Problem Severity Subscale of the Canadian Adolescent Gambling Index (CAGI/GPSS) on a Sample of Ontario High School Students

Authors: Nigel E. Turner, Tara Elton-Marshall, Jing Shi, Jamie Wiebe, Angela Boak, Mark van der Maas, Robert E. Mann

Published in: Journal of Gambling Studies | Issue 2/2018

Abstract

This paper reports on the cross validation of the Gambling Problem Severity Subscale of the Canadian Adolescent Gambling Index (CAGI/GPSS). The CAGI/GPSS was included in a large school based drug use and health survey conducted in 2015. Data from students in grades 9–12 (ages 13–20 years) derived from the (N = 3369 students). The CAGI/GPSS produced an alpha of 0.789. A principle component analysis revealed two eigenvalues greater than one. An oblique rotation revealed these components to represent consequences and over involvement. The CAGI/GPSS indicated that 1% of the students fell into the “red” category indicating a severe problem and an additional 3.3% scored in the “yellow” category indicating low to moderate problems. The CAGI/GPSS was shown to be significantly correlated with gambling frequency (r = 0.36), largest expenditure (r = 0.37), sex (more likely to be male) (r = −0.19), lower school marks (r = −0.07), hazardous drinking, (r = 0.16), problem video game play (r = 0.16), as well as substance abuse. The CAGI/GPSS was cross validated using a shorted version of the short SOGS, r = 0.48. In addition the CAGI/GPSS and short SOGS produced very similar patterns of correlations results. The results support the validity and reliability of the CAGI/GPSS as a measure of gambling problems among adolescents.

There has since been a scale published in Korean that was developed for adolescents by Park and Jung (2012). Park and Jung’s scale however does not appear to have been calibrated to measure disordered gambling.

CRAFFT stands for the 6 items of the scale: Car, Relax, Alone, Forget, Friends, Trouble.

The data was collected using a complex design where the schools were randomly selected, and the students were nested within classes that were nested within schools. Typically weights are used due to the unequal probabilities of selection as well as post-stratification weights adjusting for sex and grade to ensure that the sample is representative of the entire provincial student population in publicly funded schools. However, in this paper we are not interested in generalizing to the hypothetical population but are more interested in the quality of the items themselves and the individual participants, so these analyses were not weighted so that each person’s data only represented him or herself.

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Title: Cross Validation of the Gambling Problem Severity Subscale of the Canadian Adolescent Gambling Index (CAGI/GPSS) on a Sample of Ontario High School Students
Authors: Nigel E. Turner
Tara Elton-Marshall
Jing Shi
Jamie Wiebe
Angela Boak
Mark van der Maas
Robert E. Mann
Publication date: 01-06-2018
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: Journal of Gambling Studies / Issue 2/2018
Electronic ISSN: 1573-3602
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-017-9731-1

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Cross Validation of the Gambling Problem Severity Subscale of the Canadian Adolescent Gambling Index (CAGI/GPSS) on a Sample of Ontario High School Students

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