Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Journal of Gambling Studies 2/2016

Open Access 01-06-2016 | Original Paper

Demographic, Behavioural and Normative Risk Factors for Gambling Problems Amongst Sports Bettors

Authors: Nerilee Hing, Alex M. T. Russell, Peter Vitartas, Matthew Lamont

Published in: Journal of Gambling Studies | Issue 2/2016

Login to get access

Abstract

Sports betting is growing exponentially, is heavily marketed and successfully targets young adult males. Associated gambling problems are increasing. Therefore, understanding risk factors for problem gambling amongst sports bettors is an increasingly important area of research to inform the appropriate design and targeting of public health and treatment interventions. This study aimed to identify demographic, behavioural and normative risk factors for gambling problems amongst sports bettors. An online survey of 639 Australian sports bettors using online, telephone and retail betting channels was conducted. Results indicated that vulnerable sports bettors for higher risk gambling are those who are young, male, single, educated, and employed full-time or a full-time student. Risk of problem gambling was also found to increase with greater frequency and expenditure on sports betting, greater diversity of gambling involvement, and with more impulsive responses to betting opportunities, including in-play live action betting. Normative influences from media advertising and from significant others were also associated with greater problem gambling risk. The results of this study can inform a suite of intervention, protection and treatment initiatives targeted especially at young male adults and adolescents that can help to limit the harm from this gambling form.
Literature
go back to reference Australian Communication and Media Authority (ACMA). (2013). Betting odds and advertising for betting agencies during sports broadcasts: Community research. Canberra: ACMA. Australian Communication and Media Authority (ACMA). (2013). Betting odds and advertising for betting agencies during sports broadcasts: Community research. Canberra: ACMA.
go back to reference Borland, J., & McDonald, R. (2003). Demand for sport. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 19, 478–502.CrossRef Borland, J., & McDonald, R. (2003). Demand for sport. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 19, 478–502.CrossRef
go back to reference Braverman, J., LaBrie, R. A., & Shaffer, H. J. (2011). A taxometric analysis of actual internet sports gambling behavior. Psychological Assessment, 23(1), 234.CrossRefPubMed Braverman, J., LaBrie, R. A., & Shaffer, H. J. (2011). A taxometric analysis of actual internet sports gambling behavior. Psychological Assessment, 23(1), 234.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Braverman, J., LaPlante, D. A., Nelson, S. E., & Shaffer, H. J. (2013). Using cross-game behavioral markers for early identification of high-risk internet gamblers. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 27(3), 868.CrossRefPubMed Braverman, J., LaPlante, D. A., Nelson, S. E., & Shaffer, H. J. (2013). Using cross-game behavioral markers for early identification of high-risk internet gamblers. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 27(3), 868.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Broda, A., LaPlante, D. A., Nelson, S. E., LaBrie, R. A., Bosworth, L. B., & Shaffer, H. J. (2008). Virtual harm reduction efforts for internet gambling: Effects of deposit limits on actual Internet sports gambling behavior. Harm Reduction Journal, 5(1), 27.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Broda, A., LaPlante, D. A., Nelson, S. E., LaBrie, R. A., Bosworth, L. B., & Shaffer, H. J. (2008). Virtual harm reduction efforts for internet gambling: Effects of deposit limits on actual Internet sports gambling behavior. Harm Reduction Journal, 5(1), 27.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Cunningham, J. A. (2005). Little use of treatment among problem gamblers. Psychiatric Services, 56, 1024–1025.CrossRefPubMed Cunningham, J. A. (2005). Little use of treatment among problem gamblers. Psychiatric Services, 56, 1024–1025.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Delfabbro, P. H. (2012). Australasian gambling review (5th ed.). Adelaide: Independent Gambling Authority. Delfabbro, P. H. (2012). Australasian gambling review (5th ed.). Adelaide: Independent Gambling Authority.
go back to reference Department of Broadband Communications and the Digital Economy (DBCDE). (2013). Final report 2012: Review of the interactive gambling act 2001. Canberra: DBCDE. Department of Broadband Communications and the Digital Economy (DBCDE). (2013). Final report 2012: Review of the interactive gambling act 2001. Canberra: DBCDE.
go back to reference Ferris, J., & Wynne, H. (2001). The Canadian problem gambling index: Final report. Ottawa: Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse. Ferris, J., & Wynne, H. (2001). The Canadian problem gambling index: Final report. Ottawa: Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse.
go back to reference Gainsbury, S. (2012). Internet gambling: Current research findings and implications. New York: Springer.CrossRef Gainsbury, S. (2012). Internet gambling: Current research findings and implications. New York: Springer.CrossRef
go back to reference Gainsbury, S. M., Delfabbro, P., King, D. L., & Hing, N. (2015a). An exploratory study of gambling operators’ use of social media and the latent messages conveyed. Journal of Gambling Studies. doi:10.1007/s10899-015-9525-2. Gainsbury, S. M., Delfabbro, P., King, D. L., & Hing, N. (2015a). An exploratory study of gambling operators’ use of social media and the latent messages conveyed. Journal of Gambling Studies. doi:10.​1007/​s10899-015-9525-2.
go back to reference Gainsbury, S., Wood, R., Russell, A., Hing, N., & Blaszczynski, A. (2012). A digital revolution: Comparison of demographic profiles, attitudes and gambling behaviour of Internet and non-internet gamblers. Computers in Human Behaviour, 28(12), 1388–1398.CrossRef Gainsbury, S., Wood, R., Russell, A., Hing, N., & Blaszczynski, A. (2012). A digital revolution: Comparison of demographic profiles, attitudes and gambling behaviour of Internet and non-internet gamblers. Computers in Human Behaviour, 28(12), 1388–1398.CrossRef
go back to reference Gray, H. M., LaPlante, D. A., & Shaffer, H. J. (2012). Behavioral characteristics of internet gamblers who trigger corporate responsible gambling interventions. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 26(3), 527.CrossRefPubMed Gray, H. M., LaPlante, D. A., & Shaffer, H. J. (2012). Behavioral characteristics of internet gamblers who trigger corporate responsible gambling interventions. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 26(3), 527.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Hammervold, R., & Solberg, H. (2006). TV sports programs: Who is willing to pay to watch? Journal of Media Economics, 19, 147–162.CrossRef Hammervold, R., & Solberg, H. (2006). TV sports programs: Who is willing to pay to watch? Journal of Media Economics, 19, 147–162.CrossRef
go back to reference Hing, N., Cherney, L., Gainsbury, S., Lubman, D., Wood, R., & Blaszczynski, A. (2014a). Maintaining and losing control during Internet gambling: A qualitative study of gamblers’ experiences. New Media and Society. doi:10.1177/1461444814521140. Hing, N., Cherney, L., Gainsbury, S., Lubman, D., Wood, R., & Blaszczynski, A. (2014a). Maintaining and losing control during Internet gambling: A qualitative study of gamblers’ experiences. New Media and Society. doi:10.​1177/​1461444814521140​.
go back to reference Hing, N., Gainsbury, S., Blaszczynski, A., Wood, R., Lubman, D., & Russell, A. (2014b). Interactive gambling. Melbourne: Gambling Research Australia. Hing, N., Gainsbury, S., Blaszczynski, A., Wood, R., Lubman, D., & Russell, A. (2014b). Interactive gambling. Melbourne: Gambling Research Australia.
go back to reference Hing, N., Lamont, M., Vitartas, P., & Fink, E. (2015a). Sports-embedded gambling promotions: A study of exposure, sports betting intention and problem gambling amongst adults. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 13(1), 115–135. doi:10.1007/s11469-014-9519-9.CrossRef Hing, N., Lamont, M., Vitartas, P., & Fink, E. (2015a). Sports-embedded gambling promotions: A study of exposure, sports betting intention and problem gambling amongst adults. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 13(1), 115–135. doi:10.​1007/​s11469-014-9519-9.CrossRef
go back to reference Hing, N., Vitartas, P., & Lamont, M. (2014c). Promotion of gambling and live betting odds during televised sport: Influences on gambling participation and problem gambling. Brisbane: Report prepared for the Queensland Department of Justice and Attorney-General. doi:10.13140/2.1.1643.8087. Hing, N., Vitartas, P., & Lamont, M. (2014c). Promotion of gambling and live betting odds during televised sport: Influences on gambling participation and problem gambling. Brisbane: Report prepared for the Queensland Department of Justice and Attorney-General. doi:10.​13140/​2.​1.​1643.​8087.
go back to reference Hing, N., Vitartas, P., Lamont, M., & Fink, E. (2014d). Adolescent exposure to gambling promotions during televised sport: An exploratory study of links with gambling intentions. International Gambling Studies, 14(3), 374–393. doi:10.1080/14459795.2014.902489.CrossRef Hing, N., Vitartas, P., Lamont, M., & Fink, E. (2014d). Adolescent exposure to gambling promotions during televised sport: An exploratory study of links with gambling intentions. International Gambling Studies, 14(3), 374–393. doi:10.​1080/​14459795.​2014.​902489.CrossRef
go back to reference Humphreys, B. R., & Pérez, L. (2012). Who bets on sports? Characteristics of sports bettors and the consequences of expanding sports betting opportunities. Estudios de economía aplicada, 30(2), 579–597. Humphreys, B. R., & Pérez, L. (2012). Who bets on sports? Characteristics of sports bettors and the consequences of expanding sports betting opportunities. Estudios de economía aplicada, 30(2), 579–597.
go back to reference Johansson, A., Grant, J. E., Kim, S. W., Odlaug, B. L., & Götestam, K. G. (2009). Risk factors for problematic gambling: A critical literature review. Journal of Gambling Studies, 25(1), 67–92.CrossRefPubMed Johansson, A., Grant, J. E., Kim, S. W., Odlaug, B. L., & Götestam, K. G. (2009). Risk factors for problematic gambling: A critical literature review. Journal of Gambling Studies, 25(1), 67–92.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Joint Select Committee on Gambling Reform (JSCGR). (2013). The advertising and promotion of gambling services in sport. Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia. Joint Select Committee on Gambling Reform (JSCGR). (2013). The advertising and promotion of gambling services in sport. Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia.
go back to reference Kessler, R. C., Hwang, I., LaBrie, R., Petukhova, M., Sampson, N. A., Winters, K. C., & Shaffer, H. J. (2008). DSM-IV pathological gambling in the national comorbidity survey replication. Psychological Medicine, 38(09), 1351–1360.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Kessler, R. C., Hwang, I., LaBrie, R., Petukhova, M., Sampson, N. A., Winters, K. C., & Shaffer, H. J. (2008). DSM-IV pathological gambling in the national comorbidity survey replication. Psychological Medicine, 38(09), 1351–1360.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference LaBrie, R. A., LaPlante, D. A., Nelson, S. E., Schumann, A., & Shaffer, H. J. (2007). Assessing the playing field: A prospective longitudinal study of internet sports gambling behavior. Journal of Gambling Studies, 23(3), 347–362.CrossRefPubMed LaBrie, R. A., LaPlante, D. A., Nelson, S. E., Schumann, A., & Shaffer, H. J. (2007). Assessing the playing field: A prospective longitudinal study of internet sports gambling behavior. Journal of Gambling Studies, 23(3), 347–362.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference LaBrie, R., & Shaffer, H. J. (2011). Identifying behavioral markers of disordered internet sports gambling. Addiction Research and Theory, 19(1), 56–65.CrossRef LaBrie, R., & Shaffer, H. J. (2011). Identifying behavioral markers of disordered internet sports gambling. Addiction Research and Theory, 19(1), 56–65.CrossRef
go back to reference Lamont, M., Hing, N., & Gainsbury, S. (2011). Gambling on sport sponsorship: A conceptual framework for research and regulatory review. Sport Management Review, 14, 246–257.CrossRef Lamont, M., Hing, N., & Gainsbury, S. (2011). Gambling on sport sponsorship: A conceptual framework for research and regulatory review. Sport Management Review, 14, 246–257.CrossRef
go back to reference LaPlante, D. A., Nelson, S. E., & Gray, H. M. (2014). Breadth and depth involvement: Understanding internet gambling involvement and its relationship to gambling problems. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 28(2), 396–403.CrossRefPubMed LaPlante, D. A., Nelson, S. E., & Gray, H. M. (2014). Breadth and depth involvement: Understanding internet gambling involvement and its relationship to gambling problems. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 28(2), 396–403.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference LaPlante, D. A., Schumann, A., LaBrie, R. A., & Shaffer, H. J. (2008). Population trends in Internet sports gambling. Computers in Human Behavior, 24(5), 2399–2414.CrossRef LaPlante, D. A., Schumann, A., LaBrie, R. A., & Shaffer, H. J. (2008). Population trends in Internet sports gambling. Computers in Human Behavior, 24(5), 2399–2414.CrossRef
go back to reference Milner, L., Hing, N., Vitartas, P., & Lamont, M. (2013). An exploratory study of embedded gambling promotion in Australian football television broadcasts. Communication, Politics and Culture, 46, 177–198. Milner, L., Hing, N., Vitartas, P., & Lamont, M. (2013). An exploratory study of embedded gambling promotion in Australian football television broadcasts. Communication, Politics and Culture, 46, 177–198.
go back to reference Moore, S. M., & Ohtsuka, K. (1997). Gambling activities of young Australians: Developing a model of behavior. Journal of Gambling Studies, 13, 207–236.CrossRefPubMed Moore, S. M., & Ohtsuka, K. (1997). Gambling activities of young Australians: Developing a model of behavior. Journal of Gambling Studies, 13, 207–236.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Nelson, S. E., LaPlante, D. A., Peller, A. J., Schumann, A., LaBrie, R. A., & Shaffer, H. J. (2008). Real limits in the virtual world: Self-limiting behavior of Internet gamblers. Journal of Gambling Studies, 24(4), 463–477.CrossRefPubMed Nelson, S. E., LaPlante, D. A., Peller, A. J., Schumann, A., LaBrie, R. A., & Shaffer, H. J. (2008). Real limits in the virtual world: Self-limiting behavior of Internet gamblers. Journal of Gambling Studies, 24(4), 463–477.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Philander, K. S. (2014). Identifying high-risk online gamblers: A comparison of data mining procedures. International Gambling Studies, 14(1), 53–63.CrossRef Philander, K. S. (2014). Identifying high-risk online gamblers: A comparison of data mining procedures. International Gambling Studies, 14(1), 53–63.CrossRef
go back to reference Problem Gambling Research and Treatment Centre. (2011). Guidelines for screening, assessment and treatment in problem gambling. Clayton: Monash University. Problem Gambling Research and Treatment Centre. (2011). Guidelines for screening, assessment and treatment in problem gambling. Clayton: Monash University.
go back to reference Queensland Government Statistician’s Office (QGSO). (2014). Australian gambling statistics (30th ed.). Brisbane: Queensland Government. Queensland Government Statistician’s Office (QGSO). (2014). Australian gambling statistics (30th ed.). Brisbane: Queensland Government.
go back to reference Sproston, K., Hanley, C., Brook, K., Hing, N., & Gainsbury, S. (2015). Marketing of sports betting and racing. Melbourne: Gambling Research Australia. Sproston, K., Hanley, C., Brook, K., Hing, N., & Gainsbury, S. (2015). Marketing of sports betting and racing. Melbourne: Gambling Research Australia.
go back to reference Sproston, K., Hing, N., & Palankay, C. (2012). Prevalence of gambling and problem gambling in New South Wales. Sydney: NSW Office of Liquor, Gaming and Racing. Sproston, K., Hing, N., & Palankay, C. (2012). Prevalence of gambling and problem gambling in New South Wales. Sydney: NSW Office of Liquor, Gaming and Racing.
go back to reference Thomas, S. L., Lewis, S., McLeod, C., & Haycock, J. (2012). They are working every angle. A qualitative study of Australian adults’ attitudes towards, and interactions with, gambling industry marketing strategies. International Gambling Studies, 12(1), 111–127.CrossRef Thomas, S. L., Lewis, S., McLeod, C., & Haycock, J. (2012). They are working every angle. A qualitative study of Australian adults’ attitudes towards, and interactions with, gambling industry marketing strategies. International Gambling Studies, 12(1), 111–127.CrossRef
go back to reference Weibe, J. (2008). Internet gambling: Strategies to recruit and retain customers. Guelph: Ontario Problem Gambling Research Centre. Weibe, J. (2008). Internet gambling: Strategies to recruit and retain customers. Guelph: Ontario Problem Gambling Research Centre.
go back to reference Welte, J. W., Barnes, G. M., Wieczorek, W. F., Tidwell, M. C. O., & Parker, J. C. (2004). Risk factors for pathological gambling. Addictive Behaviors, 29(2), 323–335.CrossRefPubMed Welte, J. W., Barnes, G. M., Wieczorek, W. F., Tidwell, M. C. O., & Parker, J. C. (2004). Risk factors for pathological gambling. Addictive Behaviors, 29(2), 323–335.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Williams, R. J., Volberg, R. A., & Stevens, R. M. (2012a). The population prevalence of problem gambling: Methodological influences, standardized rates, jurisdictional differences, and worldwide trends. Ontario: Problem Gambling Research Centre. Williams, R. J., Volberg, R. A., & Stevens, R. M. (2012a). The population prevalence of problem gambling: Methodological influences, standardized rates, jurisdictional differences, and worldwide trends. Ontario: Problem Gambling Research Centre.
go back to reference Williams, R. J., West, B. L., & Simpson, R. I. (2012b). Prevention of problem gambling: A comprehensive review of the evidence and identified best practices. Guelph, ON: Ontario Problem Gambling Research Centre. Williams, R. J., West, B. L., & Simpson, R. I. (2012b). Prevention of problem gambling: A comprehensive review of the evidence and identified best practices. Guelph, ON: Ontario Problem Gambling Research Centre.
go back to reference Wood, R. T., & Williams, R. J. (2011). A comparative profile of the internet gambler: Demographic characteristics, game-play patterns, and problem gambling status. New Media and Society, 13(7), 1123–1141.CrossRef Wood, R. T., & Williams, R. J. (2011). A comparative profile of the internet gambler: Demographic characteristics, game-play patterns, and problem gambling status. New Media and Society, 13(7), 1123–1141.CrossRef
go back to reference Xuan, Z., & Shaffer, H. (2009). How do gamblers end gambling: Longitudinal analysis of internet gambling behaviors prior to account closure due to gambling related problems. Journal of Gambling Studies, 25, 239–252.CrossRefPubMed Xuan, Z., & Shaffer, H. (2009). How do gamblers end gambling: Longitudinal analysis of internet gambling behaviors prior to account closure due to gambling related problems. Journal of Gambling Studies, 25, 239–252.CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Demographic, Behavioural and Normative Risk Factors for Gambling Problems Amongst Sports Bettors
Authors
Nerilee Hing
Alex M. T. Russell
Peter Vitartas
Matthew Lamont
Publication date
01-06-2016
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Journal of Gambling Studies / Issue 2/2016
Electronic ISSN: 1573-3602
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-015-9571-9

Other articles of this Issue 2/2016

Journal of Gambling Studies 2/2016 Go to the issue