Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Journal of Gambling Studies 2/2016

01-06-2016 | Original Paper

The Challenge of Online Gambling: The Effect of Legalization on the Increase in Online Gambling Addiction

Author: Mariano Chóliz

Published in: Journal of Gambling Studies | Issue 2/2016

Login to get access

Abstract

It is possible that the growth and promotion of online gambling will result in substantially increased use of these types of games in countries where they are legal. This may be especially true for young people due to their interest in such games. In this context, it is important to note that online gambling is more addictive than any other type of game due its structural characteristics, such as immediacy, accessibility, ease of betting, and so on. This study examined the effect of online gambling in Spain 2 years after its legalization. The sample included 1277 pathological gamblers in recovery at 26 gambling addiction treatment centers. Our results showed a significant increase in young pathological gamblers since the legalization of this activity. This is a very relevant issue because, as in the case of Spain, many countries are currently in process of legalization of many types of online games. Scientific research can be useful to adapt the adequate gambling policies in order to prevent the gambling addiction.
Literature
go back to reference Abbott, M. W., & Volberg, R. A. (1999). Gambling and problem gambling in the community: An international overview and critique. Report number one of the New Zealand Gaming Survey. Wellington: Department of Internal Affairs. Abbott, M. W., & Volberg, R. A. (1999). Gambling and problem gambling in the community: An international overview and critique. Report number one of the New Zealand Gaming Survey. Wellington: Department of Internal Affairs.
go back to reference Abbott, M. W., Volberg, R. A., Bellringer, M., & Reith, G. (2004). A review of research aspects of problem gambling. London: Responsibility in Gambling Trust. Abbott, M. W., Volberg, R. A., Bellringer, M., & Reith, G. (2004). A review of research aspects of problem gambling. London: Responsibility in Gambling Trust.
go back to reference APA, American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. APA, American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
go back to reference Balodis, S. R. S., Thomas, A. C., & Moore, S. M. (2013). Sensitivity to reward and punishment: Horse race and EGM gamblers compared. Personality and Individual Differences. E-publication ahead of print. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2013.08.015 Balodis, S. R. S., Thomas, A. C., & Moore, S. M. (2013). Sensitivity to reward and punishment: Horse race and EGM gamblers compared. Personality and Individual Differences. E-publication ahead of print. doi:10.​1016/​j.​paid.​2013.​08.​015
go back to reference Binde, P. (2011). What are the more harmful forms of gambling? Analyzing problem gambling prevalence surveys. Göteborg: CEFOS Working Paper 12. Binde, P. (2011). What are the more harmful forms of gambling? Analyzing problem gambling prevalence surveys. Göteborg: CEFOS Working Paper 12.
go back to reference Binde, P. (2013). Why people gamble: A model with five motivational dimensions. International Gambling Studies, 13, 81–97.CrossRef Binde, P. (2013). Why people gamble: A model with five motivational dimensions. International Gambling Studies, 13, 81–97.CrossRef
go back to reference Blaszczynski, A., Collins, P., Fong, D., Ladouceur, R., Nower, L., Shaffer, H. J., et al. (2011). Responsible gambling: General principles and minimal requirements. Journal of Gambling Studies, 27, 565–573.CrossRefPubMed Blaszczynski, A., Collins, P., Fong, D., Ladouceur, R., Nower, L., Shaffer, H. J., et al. (2011). Responsible gambling: General principles and minimal requirements. Journal of Gambling Studies, 27, 565–573.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Chóliz, M. (2010). Experimental analysis of the game in pathological gamblers: Effect of the immediacy or the reward in slot machines. Journal of Gambling Studies, 26, 249–256.CrossRefPubMed Chóliz, M. (2010). Experimental analysis of the game in pathological gamblers: Effect of the immediacy or the reward in slot machines. Journal of Gambling Studies, 26, 249–256.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Echeburúa, E., González-Ortega, I., Corral, P., & Polo-López, R. (2011). Clinical gender differences among adult pathological gamblers seeking treatment: An exploratory study. Journal of Gambling Studies, 27, 215–227.CrossRefPubMed Echeburúa, E., González-Ortega, I., Corral, P., & Polo-López, R. (2011). Clinical gender differences among adult pathological gamblers seeking treatment: An exploratory study. Journal of Gambling Studies, 27, 215–227.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Griffiths, M. D. (2002). Gambling and gaming addictions in adolescence. Leicester: British Psychological Society/Blackwells. Griffiths, M. D. (2002). Gambling and gaming addictions in adolescence. Leicester: British Psychological Society/Blackwells.
go back to reference Griffiths, M. D. (2003). Internet gambling: Issues, concerns and recommendations. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 6, 557–568.CrossRef Griffiths, M. D. (2003). Internet gambling: Issues, concerns and recommendations. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 6, 557–568.CrossRef
go back to reference Griffiths, M. D., Hayer, T., & Meyer, G. (2009). Problem gambling: A European perspective. In G. Meyer, T. Hayer, & M. D. Griffiths (Eds.), Problem gaming in Europe: Challenges, prevention, and interventions (pp. xix–xxix). New York: Springer.CrossRef Griffiths, M. D., Hayer, T., & Meyer, G. (2009). Problem gambling: A European perspective. In G. Meyer, T. Hayer, & M. D. Griffiths (Eds.), Problem gaming in Europe: Challenges, prevention, and interventions (pp. xix–xxix). New York: Springer.CrossRef
go back to reference Griffiths, M. D., Parke, A., Wood, R., & Parke, J. (2006). Internet gambling: An overview of psychosocial impacts. UNLV Gaming Research & Review Journal, 10, 27–39. Griffiths, M. D., Parke, A., Wood, R., & Parke, J. (2006). Internet gambling: An overview of psychosocial impacts. UNLV Gaming Research & Review Journal, 10, 27–39.
go back to reference Hing, N., & Haw, J. (2009). The development of a multi-dimensional gambling accessibility scale. Journal of Gambling Studies, 25, 569–581.CrossRefPubMed Hing, N., & Haw, J. (2009). The development of a multi-dimensional gambling accessibility scale. Journal of Gambling Studies, 25, 569–581.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference LaBrie, R. A., LaPlante, D. A., Nelson, S. E., Schumann, A., & Shaffer, H. J. (2007). Assessing the playing field: A prospective longitudinal study of Internet sports gambling behavior. Journal of Gambling Studies, 23, 347–362.CrossRefPubMed LaBrie, R. A., LaPlante, D. A., Nelson, S. E., Schumann, A., & Shaffer, H. J. (2007). Assessing the playing field: A prospective longitudinal study of Internet sports gambling behavior. Journal of Gambling Studies, 23, 347–362.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Ladd, G. T., & Petry, N. M. (2002). Gender differences among pathological gamblers seeking treatment. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 10, 302–309.CrossRefPubMed Ladd, G. T., & Petry, N. M. (2002). Gender differences among pathological gamblers seeking treatment. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 10, 302–309.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference McBride, J., & Derevensky, J. (2009). Internet gambling behavior in a sample of online gamblers. International Journal of Mental & Health Addiction, 7, 149–167.CrossRef McBride, J., & Derevensky, J. (2009). Internet gambling behavior in a sample of online gamblers. International Journal of Mental & Health Addiction, 7, 149–167.CrossRef
go back to reference Meyer, G., Fiebig, M., Hafeli, J., & Morsen, C. (2011). Development of an assessment tool to evaluate the risk potential of different gambling types. International Gambling Studies, 11, 221–236.CrossRef Meyer, G., Fiebig, M., Hafeli, J., & Morsen, C. (2011). Development of an assessment tool to evaluate the risk potential of different gambling types. International Gambling Studies, 11, 221–236.CrossRef
go back to reference Monaghan, S. (2009). Internet gambling—Not just a fad. International Gambling Studies, 9, 1–4.CrossRef Monaghan, S. (2009). Internet gambling—Not just a fad. International Gambling Studies, 9, 1–4.CrossRef
go back to reference Parke, J., & Griffiths, M. (2007). The role of structural characteristics in gambling. In G. Smith, D. C. Hodgins, & R. J. Williams (Eds.), Research and measurement issues in gambling studies (pp. 217–249). Burlington, MA: Elsevier. Parke, J., & Griffiths, M. (2007). The role of structural characteristics in gambling. In G. Smith, D. C. Hodgins, & R. J. Williams (Eds.), Research and measurement issues in gambling studies (pp. 217–249). Burlington, MA: Elsevier.
go back to reference Petry, N. M. (2006a). Should the scope of addictive behaviors be broadened to include pathological gambling? Addiction, 101, 152–160.CrossRefPubMed Petry, N. M. (2006a). Should the scope of addictive behaviors be broadened to include pathological gambling? Addiction, 101, 152–160.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Petry, N. M. (2006b). Internet gambling: An emerging concern in family practice medicine? Family Practice, 23, 421–426.CrossRefPubMed Petry, N. M. (2006b). Internet gambling: An emerging concern in family practice medicine? Family Practice, 23, 421–426.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Potenza, M. N. (2006). Should addictive disorders include non-substance related conditions? Addiction, 101, 142–151.CrossRefPubMed Potenza, M. N. (2006). Should addictive disorders include non-substance related conditions? Addiction, 101, 142–151.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Raylu, N., & Oei, T. P. (2004). Role of culture in gambling and problem gambling. Clinical Psychology Review, 23, 1087–1114.CrossRefPubMed Raylu, N., & Oei, T. P. (2004). Role of culture in gambling and problem gambling. Clinical Psychology Review, 23, 1087–1114.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Smith, A. D., & Rupp, W. T. (2005). Service marketing aspects associated with the allure of e-gambling. Services Marketing Quarterly, 26, 83–103.CrossRef Smith, A. D., & Rupp, W. T. (2005). Service marketing aspects associated with the allure of e-gambling. Services Marketing Quarterly, 26, 83–103.CrossRef
go back to reference Storer, J., Abbott, M., & Stubbs, J. (2009). Access or adaptation? A meta-analysis of surveys of problem gambling prevalence in Australia and New Zealand with respect to concentration of electronic gaming machines. International Gambling Studies, 9, 225–244.CrossRef Storer, J., Abbott, M., & Stubbs, J. (2009). Access or adaptation? A meta-analysis of surveys of problem gambling prevalence in Australia and New Zealand with respect to concentration of electronic gaming machines. International Gambling Studies, 9, 225–244.CrossRef
go back to reference Tanioka, I. (2000). Pachinko and the Japanese society. Osaka, Japan: Osaka University of Commerce. Tanioka, I. (2000). Pachinko and the Japanese society. Osaka, Japan: Osaka University of Commerce.
go back to reference Thomas, A. C., Sullivan, G. B., & Allen, F. C. L. (2008). A theoretical model of EGM problem gambling: More than a cognitive escape. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. doi:10.1007/s11469-008-9152-6. Thomas, A. C., Sullivan, G. B., & Allen, F. C. L. (2008). A theoretical model of EGM problem gambling: More than a cognitive escape. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. doi:10.​1007/​s11469-008-9152-6.
go back to reference Welte, J. W., Barnes, G. M., Wieczorek, W. F., Tidwell, M.-C. O., & Hoffman, J. H. (2007). Type of gambling and availability as risk factors for problem gambling: A Tobit regression analysis by age and gender. International Gambling Studies, 7, 183–198.CrossRef Welte, J. W., Barnes, G. M., Wieczorek, W. F., Tidwell, M.-C. O., & Hoffman, J. H. (2007). Type of gambling and availability as risk factors for problem gambling: A Tobit regression analysis by age and gender. International Gambling Studies, 7, 183–198.CrossRef
go back to reference Williams, R. J., & Wood, R. T. (2007). The proportion of Ontario gambling revenue derived from problem gamblers. Canadian Public Policy, 33, 367–387.CrossRef Williams, R. J., & Wood, R. T. (2007). The proportion of Ontario gambling revenue derived from problem gamblers. Canadian Public Policy, 33, 367–387.CrossRef
go back to reference Wood, R. T., & Williams, R. J. (2007a). Problem gambling on the Internet: Implications for Internet gambling policy in North America. New Media & Society, 9, 520–542.CrossRef Wood, R. T., & Williams, R. J. (2007a). Problem gambling on the Internet: Implications for Internet gambling policy in North America. New Media & Society, 9, 520–542.CrossRef
go back to reference Wood, R. T., & Williams, R. J. (2007b). Internet gambling: Past, present and future. In G. Smith, D. C. Hodgins, & R. J. Williams (Eds.), Research and measurement issues in gambling studies (pp. 486–502). Burlington, MA: Elsevier. Wood, R. T., & Williams, R. J. (2007b). Internet gambling: Past, present and future. In G. Smith, D. C. Hodgins, & R. J. Williams (Eds.), Research and measurement issues in gambling studies (pp. 486–502). Burlington, MA: Elsevier.
go back to reference Wood, R. T., & Williams, R. J. (2009). Internet gambling: Prevalence, patterns, problems, and policy options. Final Report to the Ontario Problem Gambling Research Centre. Guelph, ON: Ontario Problem Gambling Research Centre. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/693 Wood, R. T., & Williams, R. J. (2009). Internet gambling: Prevalence, patterns, problems, and policy options. Final Report to the Ontario Problem Gambling Research Centre. Guelph, ON: Ontario Problem Gambling Research Centre. http://​hdl.​handle.​net/​10133/​693
go back to reference Wood, R. T., Williams, R. J., & Parke, J. (2012). The relationship between problem gambling and Internet gambling. In R. J. Williams, R. T. Wood, & J. Parke (Eds.), Routledge international handbook of Internet gambling (pp. 200–211). London: Routledge. Wood, R. T., Williams, R. J., & Parke, J. (2012). The relationship between problem gambling and Internet gambling. In R. J. Williams, R. T. Wood, & J. Parke (Eds.), Routledge international handbook of Internet gambling (pp. 200–211). London: Routledge.
Metadata
Title
The Challenge of Online Gambling: The Effect of Legalization on the Increase in Online Gambling Addiction
Author
Mariano Chóliz
Publication date
01-06-2016
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Journal of Gambling Studies / Issue 2/2016
Electronic ISSN: 1573-3602
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-015-9558-6

Other articles of this Issue 2/2016

Journal of Gambling Studies 2/2016 Go to the issue