Top

Published in:

01-06-2010 | Original Paper

Age of Onset in Pathological Gambling: Clinical, Therapeutic and Personality Correlates

Authors: Susana Jiménez-Murcia, Eva M. Álvarez-Moya, Randy Stinchfield, Fernando Fernández-Aranda, Roser Granero, Neus Aymamí, Mónica Gómez-Peña, Nuria Jaurrieta, Francesca Bove, José M. Menchón

Published in: Journal of Gambling Studies | Issue 2/2010

Abstract

We aimed to explore the association between age of onset of gambling problems and current psychopathological and clinical status, personality profile and therapeutic outcome in a sample of pathological gamblers. A total of 904 consecutive pathological gambling patients were administered several instruments about gambling behavior, psychopathology and personality. They received a 4-month cognitive-behavioral group treatment. Information of dropouts and relapses during treatment was registered. Older age of onset of gambling problems was associated with higher general psychopathology (SCL-90-R Paranoid Ideation, Psychoticism, Depression; P < 0.015). Younger age of onset was related to greater severity of pathological gambling (P < 0.015), higher novelty seeking, and lower self-directedness (P < 0.015). No statistically significant association was found between age of onset and relapse and dropouts during treatment. Age of onset of gambling problems seems to influence the clinical presentation of pathological gambling but not treatment outcome.

Alessi, S. M., & Petry, N. M. (2003). Pathological gambling severity is associated with impulsivity in a delay discounting procedure. Behavioural Processes, 64(3), 345–354.CrossRefPubMed

APA. (1987). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed. Revised). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.

APA. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.

Argo, T. R., & Black, D. W. (2004). Clinical characteristics. In J. E. Grant & M. N. Potenza (Eds.), Pathological gambling: A clinical guide to treatment (pp. 39–53). Arlington: APPI.

Babor, T. F., Dolinsky, Z. S., Meyer, R. E., Hesselbrock, M., Hofmann, M., & Tennen, H. (1992a). Types of alcoholics: Concurrent and predictive validity of some common classification schemes. British Journal of Addiction, 87, 1415–1431. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1992.tb01921.x.CrossRefPubMed

Babor, T. F., Hofmann, M. I., DelBoca, F. K., Hesselbrock, V., Meyer, R. E., Dolinsky, Z. S., et al. (1992b). Types of alcoholics, I. Evidence for an empirically derived typology based on indicator of vulnerability and severity. Archives of General Psychiatry, 49, 599–608.PubMed

Blaszczynski, A. (2005). Conceptual and methodological issues in treatment outcome research. Journal of Gambling Studies, 21(1), 5–11.CrossRefPubMed

Blaszczynski, A., & Nower, L. (2002). A pathways model of problem and pathological gambling. Addiction, 97(5), 487–499.CrossRefPubMed

Bondolfi, G., Osiek, C., & Ferrero, F. (2000). Prevalence estimates of pathological gambling in Switzerland. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 101(6), 473–475.CrossRefPubMed

Breen, R. B., & Zimmerman, M. (2002). Rapid onset of pathological gambling in machine gamblers. Journal of Gambling Studies, 18(1), 31–43.CrossRefPubMed

Burge, A. N., Pietrzak, R. H., Molina, C. A., & Petry, N. M. (2004). Age of gambling initiation and severity of gambling and health problems among older adult problem gamblers. Psychiatric Services, 55, 1437–1439.CrossRefPubMed

Cloninger, C. R. (1999). The temperament and character inventory––revised. St Louis, MO: Center for Psychobiology of Personality, Washington University.

Cloninger, C. R., Bohman, M., & Sigvardsson, S. (1981). Inheritance of alcohol abuse. Cross-fostering analysis of adopted men. Archives of General Psychiatry, 38, 861–868.PubMed

Cloninger, C. R., Przybeck, T. R., Svrakic, D. M., & Wetzel, R. D. (1994). The temperament and character inventory (TCI): A guide to its development and use. St. Louis, Missouri: Center for Psychobiology of Personality.

Cloninger, C. R., Svrakic, D. M., & Przybeck, T. R. (1993). A psychobiological model of temperament and character. Archives of General Psychiatry, 50(12), 975–990.PubMed

Cunningham-Williams, R. M., & Hong, S. I. (2007). A latent class analysis (LCA) of problem gambling among a sample of community-recruited gamblers. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 195(11), 939–947.CrossRefPubMed

Derogatis, L. R. (1994). SCL-90-R. Cuestionario de 90 síntomas. [SCL-90-R. 90-Symptoms Questionnaire]. Madrid: TEA.

Echeburúa, E., Báez, C., Fernández, J., & Páez, D. (1994). Cuestionario de juego patológico de South Oaks (SOGS): Validación española. [South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS): Spanish validation]. Anális Modific Cond, 20, 769–791.

Fernández-Aranda, F., Jiménez-Murcia, S., Álvarez, E., Granero, R., Vallejo, J., & Bulik, C. M. (2006). Impulse control disorders in eating disorders: Clinical and therapeutic implications. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 47, 482–488.CrossRefPubMed

González de Rivera, J. L. (2001). Version española del 90 Symptoms Check List Revised (SCL-90-R). [Spanish version of the 90-Symptoms Check List Revised (SCL-90-R)]. Madrid: TEA Ediciones.

Gooding, P., & Tarrier, N. (2009). A systematic review and meta-analysis of cognitive-behavioural interventions to reduce problem gambling: Hedging our bets? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 47, 592–607.CrossRefPubMed

Grant, J. E., Kim, S. W., Odlaug, B. L., Buchanan, S. N., & Potenza, M. N. (2009). Late-onset pathological gambling: Clinical correlates and gender differences. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 43(4), 380–387.CrossRefPubMed

Gutiérrez, F., Torrens, M., Boget, T., Martín-Santos, R., Sangorrín, J., Pérez, G., et al. (2001). Psychometric properties of the temperament and character inventory (TCI) questionnaire in a Spanish psychiatric population. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 103, 143–147.CrossRefPubMed

Gutiérrez-Zotes, J., Bayón, C., Montserrat, C., Valero, J., Labad, A., Cloninger, R., et al. (2004). Inventario del Temperamento y el Carácter-Revisado (TCI-R). Baremación y datos normativos en una muestra de población general. Actas Español Psiquiatría, 32(1), 8–15.

Hodgins, D. C. (2005). Implications of a brief intervention trial for problem gambling for future outcome research. Journal of Gambling Studies, 21(1), 13–19.CrossRefPubMed

Iancu, I., Lowengrub, K., Dembinsky, Y., Kotler, M., & Dannon, P. N. (2008). Pathological gambling: An update on neuropathophysiology and pharmacotherapy. CNS Drugs, 22(2), 123–138.CrossRefPubMed

Jiménez-Murcia, S., Álvarez-Moya, E. M., Granero, R., Aymamí, M. N., Gómez-Peña, M., Jaurrieta, N., et al. (2005). Análisis de la eficacia de dos modalidades de tratamiento cognitivo-conductual grupal para el juego patológico [Analysis of the afficacy of two types of group cognitive-behavioral tratment for pathological gambling]. Psicología Conductual, 13(3), 497–512.

Jiménez-Murcia, S., Álvarez-Moya, E. M., Granero, R., Aymamí, M. N., Gómez-Peña, M., Jaurrieta, N., et al. (2007). Cognitive-behavioral group treatment for pathological gambling: Analysis of effectiveness and predictors of therapy outcome. Psychotherapy Research, 17(5), 544–552.CrossRef

Jiménez-Murcia, S., Aymamí-Sanromà, M. N., Gómez-Peña, M., Álvarez-Moya, E. M., & Vallejo, J. (2006). Protocols de tractament cognitivoconductual pel joc patològic i d’altres addiccions no tòxiques. [Guidelines of cognitive-behavioural treatment of pathological gambling and other non-toxic addictions]. Barcelona, Spain: Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya.

Jimenez-Murcia, S., Stinchfield, R., Alvarez-Moya, E., Jaurrieta, N., Bueno, B., Granero, R., et al. (2009). Reliability, validity, and classification accuracy of a spanish translation of a measure of dsm-iv diagnostic criteria for pathological gambling. Journal of Gambling Studies, 25, 93–104.CrossRefPubMed

Johansson, A., Grant, J. E., Kim, S. W., Odlaug, B. L., & Götestam, G. (2008). Risk factors for problematic gambling: A critical literature review. Journal of Gambling Studies. doi:10.1007/s10899-008-9088-6.

Kessler, R. C., Hwang, I., Labrie, R., Petukhova, M., Sampson, N. A., Winters, K. C., et al. (2008). DSM-IV pathological gambling in the national comorbidity survey replication. Psychological Medicine, 38(9), 1351–1360.CrossRefPubMed

Kleinbaum, D. G., Kupper, L. L., Muller, K. E., & Nizam, A. (2007). Applied regression analysis and other multivariable methods (4th ed.). Houston: Cengage Learning.

Ladouceur, R. (2005). Controlled gambling for pathological gamblers. Journal of Gambling Studies, 21(1), 49–57.CrossRefPubMed

Ladouceur, R., Sylvain, C., Boutin, C., Lachance, S., Doucet, C., & Leblond, J. (2003). Group therapy for pathological gamblers: A cognitive approach. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41(5), 587–596.CrossRefPubMed

Ledgerwood, D. M., & Petry, N. M. (2006). Psychological experience of gambling and subtypes of pathological gamblers. Psychiatry Research, 144(1), 17–27.CrossRefPubMed

Leggio, L., Kenna, G. A., Fenton, M., Bonenfant, E., & Swift, R. M. (2009). Typologies of alcohol dependence. From Jellinek to genetics and beyond. Neuropsychology Review, 19, 115–129.CrossRefPubMed

Lesieur, H. R., & Blume, S. B. (1987). The South Oaks gambling screen (SOGS): A new instrument for the identification of pathological gamblers. American Journal of Psychiatry, 144(9), 1184–1188.PubMed

Lesieur, H. R., & Rugle, L. (2000). Types of pathological gamblers. 14th national conference on problem gambling, Philadelphia, PA.

Livingston, J. (1974). Compulsive gamblers: Observations on action and abstinence. New York: Harper Torchbooks.

Lynch, W. J., Maciejewski, P. K., & Potenza, M. N. (2004). Psychiatric correlates of gambling in adolescents and young adults grouped by age at gambling onset. Archives of General Psychiatry, 61(11), 1116–1122.CrossRefPubMed

Meyer, G. (1991). Classification of gamblers from self-help groups using cluster analysis. Zeitschrift fur Klinische Psychologie, Psychopathologie und Psychotherapie, 39(3), 261–282.PubMed

Milton, S., Crino, R., Hunt, C., & Prosser, E. (2002). The effect of compliance-improving interventions on the cognitive-behavioural treatment of pathological gambling. Journal of Gambling Studies, 18(2), 207–229.CrossRefPubMed

Nathan, P. E. (2005). Methodological problems in research on treatments for pathological gambling. Journal of Gambling Studies, 21(1), 109–114.CrossRefPubMed

Oakley-Browne, M. A., Adams, P., & Mobberley, P. M. (2000). Interventions for pathological gambling. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (2), CD001521.

Pallesen, S., Mitsem, M., Kvale, G., Johnsen, B.-H., & Molde, H. (2005). Outcome of psychosocial treatments of pathological gambling: A review and meta-analysis. Addiction, 100, 1412–1422.CrossRefPubMed

Petry, N. M., Stinson, F. S., & Grant, B. F. (2005). Comorbidity of DSM-IV pathological gambling and other psychiatric disorders: Results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 66(5), 564–574.CrossRefPubMed

Sartor, C. E., Scherrer, J. F., Shah, K. R., Xian, H., Volberg, R., & Eisen, S. A. (2007). Course of pathological gambling symptoms and reliability of the lifetime gambling history measure. Psychiatry Research, 152(1), 55–61.CrossRefPubMed

Shaffer, H. J., Hall, M. N., & Van der Bilt, J. (1999). Estimating the prevalence of disordered gambling behavior in the United States and Canada: A research synthesis. American Journal of Public Health, 89, 1369–1376.CrossRefPubMed

Shin, Y. C., Lim, S. W., Choi, S. W., Kim, S. W., & Grant, J. E. (2009). Comparison of temperament and character between early-and late-onset korean male pathological gamblers. Journal of Gambling Studies, doi:10.1007/s10899-0099-9125-0.

Stinchfield, R. (2002). Reliability, validity, and classification accuracy of the South Oaks gambling screen (SOGS). Addictive Behaviors, 27(1), 1–19.CrossRefPubMed

Stinchfield, R. (2003). Reliability, validity, and classification accuracy of a measure of DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for pathological gambling. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160(1), 180–182.CrossRefPubMed

Stinchfield, R., & Winters, K. C. (2001). Outcome of Minnesota’s gambling treatment programs. Journal of Gambling Studies, 17(3), 217–245.CrossRefPubMed

Strong, D. R., Daughters, S. B., Lejuez, C. W., & Breen, R. B. (2004). Using the Rasch model to develop a revised gambling attitudes and beliefs scale (GABS) for use with male college student gamblers. Substance Use and Misuse, 39(6), 1013–1024.CrossRefPubMed

Tavares, H., Zilberman, M. L., Beites, F. J., & Gentil, V. (2001). Gender differences in gambling progression. Journal of Gambling Studies, 17(2), 151–159.CrossRefPubMed

Toneatto, T., & Millar, G. (2004). The assessment and treatment of problem gambling: Empirical status and promising trends. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 49(8), 501–503.

Turchi, R. M., & Derevensky, J. L. (2009). Youth gambling: Not a safe bet. Current Opinion in Pediatrics, 18, 454–458.CrossRef

Vitaro, F., Arseneault, L., & Tremblay, R. E. (1997). Dispositional predictors of problem gambling in male adolescents. American Journal of Psychiatry, 154, 1769–1770.PubMed

Wood, R. T., & Griffiths, M. D. (1998). The acquisition, development and maintenance of lottery and scratchcard gambling in adolescence. Journal of Adolescence, 21(3), 265–273.CrossRefPubMed

Title: Age of Onset in Pathological Gambling: Clinical, Therapeutic and Personality Correlates
Authors: Susana Jiménez-Murcia
Eva M. Álvarez-Moya
Randy Stinchfield
Fernando Fernández-Aranda
Roser Granero
Neus Aymamí
Mónica Gómez-Peña
Nuria Jaurrieta
Francesca Bove
José M. Menchón
Publication date: 01-06-2010
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: Journal of Gambling Studies / Issue 2/2010
Electronic ISSN: 1573-3602
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-009-9175-3

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Age of Onset in Pathological Gambling: Clinical, Therapeutic and Personality Correlates

Abstract

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 2/2010

Thirty Years of Lottery Public Health Research: Methodological Strategies and Trends

Experimental Analysis of the Game in Pathological Gamblers: Effect of the Immediacy of the Reward in Slot Machines

The Convergence of Gambling and Digital Media: Implications for Gambling in Young People

Personality, Perceived Luck and Gambling Attitudes as Predictors of Gambling Involvement

The Impacts of Gaming Expansion on Economic Growth: A Theoretical Reconsideration

Diffusion of an Economic Development Policy Innovation: Explaining the International Spread of Casino Gambling