Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress 2023 EHA Congress 2023 ASCO Annual Meeting
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

A round-up of the ONWARDS phase 3 clinical trials evaluating the novel weekly insulin icodec in people with diabetes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Journal of Gambling Studies
Published in: Journal of Gambling Studies 1/2010

01-03-2010 | Original Paper

Impact of Mode of Display and Message Content of Responsible Gambling Signs for Electronic Gaming Machines on Regular Gamblers

Authors: Sally Monaghan, Alex Blaszczynski

Published in: Journal of Gambling Studies | Issue 1/2010

Login to get access

Abstract

Harm-minimization strategies aim to reduce gambling-related risks; however, minimal evidence supports the effectiveness of current strategies involving the placement of warning signs in gambling venues and on electronic gaming machines (EGMs). This qualitative replication study evaluated the differential effect of pop-up messages compared to static signs and the content of messages on EGMs on recall, thoughts, and behaviors assessed during the session and at 2-week follow-up. In Study 1, 127 regular EGM gamblers (male = 97, mean age = 20.3) recruited from a university student population attended a laboratory where they were randomly assigned to play a computer-based simulated EGM analogue displaying signs that differed by (a) mode of presentation (pop-up and static) and (b) message content (informative, self-appraisal, and control/blank). In Study 2, an identical methodology was used but included the use of a simulated EGM within an in vivo gaming setting with 124 regular EGM players (male = 81, mean age = 44.1). Results from both studies showed that pop-up messages were recalled more effectively than static messages immediately and at 2-week follow-up. Pop-up messages reportedly had a significantly greater impact on within-session thoughts and behaviors. Messages encouraging self-appraisal resulted in significantly greater effect on self-reported thoughts and behaviors during both the experimental session and in subsequent EGM play. These findings support the effectiveness of pop-up messages containing self-appraisal messages as an appropriate harm-minimization initiative.
Literature
Abbott, M. (2007). Prospective problem gambling research: Contribution and potential. International Gambling Studies, 7, 123–144.CrossRef
Abbott, M., Volberg, R., & Roonberg, S. (2004). Comparing the New Zealand and Swedish national surveys of gambling and problem gambling. Journal of Gambling Studies, 20, 237–258.CrossRefPubMed
Abbott, M., Williams, M., & Volberg, R. (1999). Seven years on: A follow-up study of frequent and problem gamblers living in the community Report number two to the New Zealand Gaming Survey. Wellington: New Zealand Department of Internal Affairs.
Bailey, B., Konstan, J., & Carlis, J. (2001). The effects of interruptions on task performance, annoyance, and anxiety in the user interface. Proceedings of the IFIP TC-13 international conference on human–computer interactions, Tokyo.
Bartram, L. (2001). Enhancing information visualization with motion. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Blaszczynski, A., Ladouceur, R., Nower, L., & Shaffer, H. (2005). Informed choice and gambling: Principles for consumer protection. Report prepared for the Australian Gaming Council, Australia.
Blaszczynski, A., Ladouceur, R., & Shaffer, H. (2004). A science-based framework for responsible gambling: The Reno model. Journal of Gambling Studies, 20, 301–317.CrossRefPubMed
Blaszczynski, A., Sharpe, L., & Walker, M. (2001). The assessment of the impact of the reconfiguration of electronic gambling machines as harm minimisation strategies for problem gambling. Sydney: The University of Sydney Gambling Research Unit.
Breen, H., Buultjens, J., & Hing, N. (2005). Evaluating implementation of a voluntary responsible gambling code in Queensland, Australia. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 3, 15–25.
Breen, H., & Zimmerman, M. (2002). Rapid onset of pathological gambling in machine gamblers. Journal of Gambling Studies, 18, 31–43.CrossRefPubMed
Cantinotti, M., & Ladouceur, R. (2008). Harm reduction and electronic gambling machines: Does this pair make a happy couple or is divorce foreseen? Journal of Gambling Studies, 24, 39–54.CrossRefPubMed
Clark, E., & Brock, T. (1994). Warning label location, advertising, and cognitive responding. In E. Clark, T. Brock, & D. Stewart (Eds.), Attention, attitude, and affect in responding to advertising (pp. 287–299). Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Cloutier, M., Ladouceur, R., & Sevigny, S. (2006). Responsible gambling tools: Pop-up messages and pauses on video lottery terminals. Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied, 140, 434–438.CrossRef
Currie, S., Hodgins, D., Wang, J., el-Guebaly, N., Wynne, H., et al. (2006). Risk of harm among gamblers in the general population as a function of level of participation in gambling activities. Addiction, 101, 570–580.CrossRefPubMed
Delfabbro, P. (2008). Australasian gambling review (3th ed.). Adelaide: Independent Gambling Authority of South Australia.
Echeburua, E., Baez, C., & Fernandez-Montalvo, J. (1996). Comparative effectiveness of three therapeutic modalities in the psychological treatment of pathological gambling. Behavioral and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 24, 51–72.CrossRef
Ferris, J., & Wynne, H. (2001). The Canadian Problem Gambling Index: Final report. Ottawa: Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse.
Fischer, P., Krugman, D., Fletcher, J., Fox, B., & Rojas, J. (1993). An evaluation of health warnings in cigarette advertisements using standard marketing research methods: What does it mean to warn? Tobacco Control, 2, 279–285.CrossRef
Floyd, K., Whelan, J., & Meyers, A. (2006). Use of warning messages to modify gambling beliefs and behavior in a laboratory investigation. Psychology of Addictive Behavior, 20, 69–74.CrossRef
Focal Research. (2004). NS VL Responsible Gaming Features Evaluation: Final report. Nova Scotia, Focal Research Consultants Ltd.
Gaboury, A., & Ladouceur, R. (1989). Erroneous perceptions and gambling. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 4, 411–420.
Gupta, R., & Derevensky, J. (2000). Prevalence estimates of adolescent gambling: A comparison of the correlates associated with problem gambling. Journal of Gambling Studies, 16, 227–251.CrossRefPubMed
Hammond, D., Fong, G. T., McDonald, P. W., Cameron, R., & Brown, K. S. (2003). Impact of the graphic Canadian warning labels on adult smoking behaviour. Tobacco Control, 12, 391–395.CrossRefPubMed
Hankin, J., Firestone, I., Sloan, J., Ager, J., Goodman, A., Sokol, R., et al. (1993). The impact of the alcohol warning label on drinking during pregnancy. Journal of Public Policy Market, 12, 10–18.
Hing, N. (2003). An assessment of member awareness, perceived adequacy and perceived effectiveness of responsible gambling strategies in Sydney clubs. Retrieved May 16, 2004, from http://​www.​dgr.​nsw.​gov.​au.
Hodgins, D. C., & el-Guebaly, N. (2000). Natural and treatment assisted recovery from gambling problems: Comparison of resolved and active gamblers. Addictions, 95, 777–789.CrossRef
Hodgins, D. C., Wynne, H., & Makarchuk, K. (1999). Pathways to recovery from gambling problems: Follow-up from a general population. Journal of Gambling Studies, 15, 93–104.CrossRef
Independent Pricing and Regulatory Tribunal of New South Wales. (2004). Gambling: Promoting a culture of responsibility. Sydney: Authors.
Johnston, W., & Dark, V. (1990). Selective attention. Annual Review of Psychology, 36, 43–75.
Krugman, D., Fox, R., Fletcher, J., & Rojas, T. (1994). Do adolescents attend to warnings in cigarette advertising? An eye tracking approach. Journal of Advertising Research, 32, 39–52.
Ladouceur, R., & Sevigny, S. (2003). Interactive messages on video lottery terminals and persistence in gambling. Journal of the National Association for Gambling Studies, 15, 45–50.
Ladouceur, R., Sylvain, C., Boutin, C., Lachance, S., Doucet, C., Leblond, J., et al. (2001). Cognitive treatment of pathological gambling. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 189, 774–780.CrossRefPubMed
Mazanov, J., & Byrne, D. (2007). Changes in adolescent smoking behaviour and knowledge of health consequences of smoking. Australian Journal of Psychology, 59, 176–180.CrossRef
McMillen, J., & Wenzel, M. (2006). Measuring problem gambling: Assessment of three prevalence screens. International Gambling Studies, 6, 147–174.CrossRef
Monaghan, S. (2004). Recall of legislated electronic gaming machine signs & irrational cognitions and beliefs regarding gambling. Unpublished honours dissertation, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Monaghan, S. (2008). Review of pop-up messages on electronic gaming machines as a proposed responsible gambling strategy. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 6, 214–222.CrossRef
Monaghan, S., & Blaszczynski, A. (2007). Recall of electronic gaming machine signs: A static versus a dynamic mode of presentation. Journal of Gambling Issues, 20, 253–268.CrossRef
Monaghan, S., & Blaszczynski, A. (in press). Electronic gaming machine warning messages: Information versus self-evaluation. Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary & Applied.
Morgan, T., Kofoed, L., Buchkoski, J., & Carr, R. D. (1996). Video lottery gambling: Effects on pathological gambling seeking treatment in South Dakota. Journal of Gambling Studies, 12, 451–460.CrossRef
Morse, D. T. (1998). MINSIZE: A computer program for obtaining minimum sample size as an indicator of effect size. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 58, 142–154.CrossRef
Neal, P., Delfabbro, P., & O’Neill, M. (2004). Problem gambling and harm: Working towards a national definition. Report prepared for the National Gambling Research Program Working Party, Melbourne.
Parker, R., Saltz, R., & Hennessy, M. (1994). The impact of alcohol beverage container warning labels on alcohol impaired drivers, drinking drivers and the general population in northern California. Addiction, 89, 1639–1651.CrossRefPubMed
Petry, N. (2005). Pathological gambling: Etiology comorbidity and treatment. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.CrossRef
Powell, J., Hardoon, K., Derevensky, J., & Gupta, R. (1996). Gambling and risk taking behaviour amongst university students. In 10th national conference on gambling behavior, Chicago, IL, September 4, 1996.
Price Waterhouse Coopers. (2005, June 22). Global entertainment and media outlook: 2006–2010—Industry preview. Retrieved May 28, 2007 from http://​www.​pwc.​com.
Productivity Commission. (1999). Australia’s gambling industries: Final report. Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia.
Raylu, N., & Oei, T. (2004). The Gambling Related Cognitions Scale (GRCS): Development, confirmatory factor validation and psychometric properties. Addiction, 99, 757–769.CrossRefPubMed
Rodda, S., & Cowie, M. (2005). Evaluation of electronic gaming machine harm minimisation in Victoria: Final report). Melbourne, Australia: Office of Gaming and Racing, Victorian Government Department of Justice.
Schaffer, H. (2005). From disabling to enabling the public interest: Natural transitions from gambling exposure to adaptation and self-regulation—Commentary. Addiction, 100, 1227–1230.CrossRef
Schellink, T., & Schrans, T. (2002). Atlantic Lottery Corporation video lottery responsible gaming feature research: Final report. Halifax, NS: Focal Research Consultants.
Shaffer, H., LaBrie, R., LaPlante, D., Nelson, S., & Stanton, M. (2004). The road less travelled: Moving from distribution to determinants in the study of gambling epidemiology. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 49, 504–516.
Slutske, W., Jackson, K., & Sher, K. (2003). The natural history of problem gambling from age 18 to 29. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 112, 263–274.CrossRefPubMed
Steenbergh, T., Whelan, J., Meyers, A., May, R., & Floyd, K. (2004). Impact of warning and brief intervention messages on knowledge of gambling risk, irrational beliefs and behaviour. International Gambling Studies, 4, 3–16.CrossRef
Steinberg, M. A., Kosten, T. A., & Rounsaville, B. J. (1992). Cocaine abuse and pathological gambling. American Journal on Addictions, 1, 121–123.CrossRef
Stucki, S., & Rihs-Middel, M. (2007). Prevalence of adult problem and pathological gambling between 2000 and 2005: An update. Journal of Gambling Studies, 23, 245–257.CrossRef
Toneatto, T., Blitz-Miller, T., Calderwood, K., Dragonetti, R., & Tsanos, A. (1997). Cognitive distortions in heavy gambling. Journal of Gambling Studies, 13, 253–266.CrossRefPubMed
Volberg, R., & Vales, P. (2002). Prevalence estimates of pathological gambling in Puerto Rico. Revista Puertorriquea de Psicóloga, 13, 71–98.
Walker, M. (1992). The psychology of gambling. Oxford: Pergamon.
Wardle, H., Sproston, K., Orford, J., Erens, B., Griffiths, M., et al. (2007). British gambling prevalence survey 2007. London: National Centre for Social Research.
Welte, J., Barnes, G., Wieczorek, W., Tidwell, M., & Parker, J. (2002). Gambling participation in the U.S.—Results from a national survey. Journal of Gambling Studies, 18(31), 3–337.
Williams, R., & Connolly, D. (2006). Does learning about the mathematics of gambling change gambling behavior? Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 20, 62–68.CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Impact of Mode of Display and Message Content of Responsible Gambling Signs for Electronic Gaming Machines on Regular Gamblers
Authors
Sally Monaghan
Alex Blaszczynski
Publication date
01-03-2010
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Journal of Gambling Studies / Issue 1/2010
Electronic ISSN: 1573-3602
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-009-9150-z

Other articles of this Issue 1/2010

Journal of Gambling Studies 1/2010 Go to the issue

Original Paper

Who Plays What? Participation Profiles in Chance Versus Skill-based Gambling

Original Paper

Anticipated Regret, Risk Perception, or Both: Which is Most Likely Responsible for Our Intention to Gamble?

Original Paper

Using Neural Networks to Model the Behavior and Decisions of Gamblers, in Particular, Cyber-Gamblers

Original Paper

Cue Reactivity in Active Pathological, Abstinent Pathological, and Regular Gamblers

Original Paper

Reliability, Validity, and Cut Scores of the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) for Chinese

Original Paper

The Influence of Substance Dependence and Mood Disorders on Outcome from Pathological Gambling: Five-Year Follow-Up