Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Journal of Family Violence 2/2017

01-02-2017 | Original Article

Consideration of Risk and Protective Factors for Families at Risk for Child Maltreatment: An Intervention Approach

Authors: Leigh E. Ridings, Lana O. Beasley, Jane F. Silovsky

Published in: Journal of Family Violence | Issue 2/2017

Login to get access

Abstract

Child maltreatment is associated with a complex interplay of risk and protective factors. Intervention service decisions for child maltreatment need an empirically-supported approach integrating targeted risk and protective factors. A literature review led to the proposed approach to address the interplay between risk (intimate partner violence; IPV and depression) and protective factors (social support and family resources) to help guide decision-making in home-based prevention services for vulnerable families. This approach suggests that social support and family resources are two pivotal protective factors in buffering against child maltreatment potential, while addressing core risk factors. This approach is consistent with research suggesting that home-based parenting programs should target central risk and protective factors in child maltreatment. Application of this approach can guide training of providers delivering home-based services and support decision-making. Future research is warranted to test this approach in empirically-supported interventions.
Literature
go back to reference Addis, M. E., & Mahalik, J. R. (2003). Men, masculinity, and the contexts of help seeking. American Psychologist, 58, 5–14.CrossRefPubMed Addis, M. E., & Mahalik, J. R. (2003). Men, masculinity, and the contexts of help seeking. American Psychologist, 58, 5–14.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Alaggia, R., Gadalla, T. M., Shlonsky, A., Jenney, A., & Daciuk, J. (2015). Does differential response make a difference: Examining domestic violence cases in child protection services. Child and Family Social Work, 20, 83–95.CrossRef Alaggia, R., Gadalla, T. M., Shlonsky, A., Jenney, A., & Daciuk, J. (2015). Does differential response make a difference: Examining domestic violence cases in child protection services. Child and Family Social Work, 20, 83–95.CrossRef
go back to reference Ammerman, R. T., Putnam, F. W., Altaye, M., Chen, L., Holleb, L. J., Stevens, J., et al. (2009). Changes in depressive symptoms in first time mothers in home visitation. Child Abuse & Neglect, 33, 127–138.CrossRef Ammerman, R. T., Putnam, F. W., Altaye, M., Chen, L., Holleb, L. J., Stevens, J., et al. (2009). Changes in depressive symptoms in first time mothers in home visitation. Child Abuse & Neglect, 33, 127–138.CrossRef
go back to reference Appleyard, K., Egeland, B., van Dulman, M., & Sroufe, L. A. (2005). When more is not better: The role of cumulative risk in child behavior outcomes. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 46, 235–245.CrossRefPubMed Appleyard, K., Egeland, B., van Dulman, M., & Sroufe, L. A. (2005). When more is not better: The role of cumulative risk in child behavior outcomes. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 46, 235–245.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Bagner, D. M., & Eyberg, S. M. (2003). Father involvement in parent training: When does it matter? Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 32, 599–605.CrossRefPubMed Bagner, D. M., & Eyberg, S. M. (2003). Father involvement in parent training: When does it matter? Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 32, 599–605.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Bair-Merritt, M. H., Ghazarian, S. R., Burrell, L., & Duggan, A. (2012). Patterns of intimate partner violence in mothers at-risk for child maltreatment. Journal of Family Violence, 27, 287–294.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Bair-Merritt, M. H., Ghazarian, S. R., Burrell, L., & Duggan, A. (2012). Patterns of intimate partner violence in mothers at-risk for child maltreatment. Journal of Family Violence, 27, 287–294.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Barrett, M. S., & Barber, J. P. (2007). Interpersonal profiles in major depressive disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 63, 247–266.CrossRefPubMed Barrett, M. S., & Barber, J. P. (2007). Interpersonal profiles in major depressive disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 63, 247–266.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Barth, R. P. (2009). Preventing child abuse and neglect with parent training: Evidence and opportunities. The Future of Children, 19, 95–118.CrossRefPubMed Barth, R. P. (2009). Preventing child abuse and neglect with parent training: Evidence and opportunities. The Future of Children, 19, 95–118.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Beasley, L. O., Silovsky, J. F., Ridings, L. E., Smith, T. J., & Owora, A. (2014). Understanding program engagement and attrition in child abuse prevention. Journal of Family Strengths, 14, 1–24. Beasley, L. O., Silovsky, J. F., Ridings, L. E., Smith, T. J., & Owora, A. (2014). Understanding program engagement and attrition in child abuse prevention. Journal of Family Strengths, 14, 1–24.
go back to reference Beeble, M. L., Bybee, D., Sullivan, C. M., & Adams, A. E. (2009). Main, mediating, and moderating effects of social support on the well-being of survivors of intimate partner violence across 2 years. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 77, 718–729.CrossRefPubMed Beeble, M. L., Bybee, D., Sullivan, C. M., & Adams, A. E. (2009). Main, mediating, and moderating effects of social support on the well-being of survivors of intimate partner violence across 2 years. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 77, 718–729.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Belsky, J. (1980). Child maltreatment: An ecological integration. American Psychologist, 35, 320–335.CrossRefPubMed Belsky, J. (1980). Child maltreatment: An ecological integration. American Psychologist, 35, 320–335.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Belsky, J. (1993). Etiology of child maltreatment: A developmental–ecological analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 114, 413–434.CrossRefPubMed Belsky, J. (1993). Etiology of child maltreatment: A developmental–ecological analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 114, 413–434.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Benson, M. L., & Fox, G. L. (2004). When violence hits home: How economics and neighborhood play a role. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice. Benson, M. L., & Fox, G. L. (2004). When violence hits home: How economics and neighborhood play a role. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.
go back to reference Beydoun, H. A., Beydoun, M. A., Kaufman, J. S., Lo, B., & Zonderman, A. B. (2012). Intimate partner violence against adult women and its association with major depressive disorder, depressive symptoms and postpartum depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Social Science & Medicine, 75, 959–975.CrossRef Beydoun, H. A., Beydoun, M. A., Kaufman, J. S., Lo, B., & Zonderman, A. B. (2012). Intimate partner violence against adult women and its association with major depressive disorder, depressive symptoms and postpartum depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Social Science & Medicine, 75, 959–975.CrossRef
go back to reference Blatt-Eisengart, I., Drabick, D. A. G., Monahan, K. C., & Steinberg, L. (2009). Sex differences in the longitudinal relations among family risk factors and childhood externalizing symptoms. Developmental Psychology, 45, 491–502.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Blatt-Eisengart, I., Drabick, D. A. G., Monahan, K. C., & Steinberg, L. (2009). Sex differences in the longitudinal relations among family risk factors and childhood externalizing symptoms. Developmental Psychology, 45, 491–502.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Bosch, K., & Bergen, B. (2006). The influence of supportive and nonsupportive persons in helping rural women in abusive partner relationships become free from abuse. Journal of Family Violence, 21, 311–320.CrossRef Bosch, K., & Bergen, B. (2006). The influence of supportive and nonsupportive persons in helping rural women in abusive partner relationships become free from abuse. Journal of Family Violence, 21, 311–320.CrossRef
go back to reference Brannan, A. M., Manteuffel, B., Holden, E. W., & Heflinger, C. A. (2006). Use of the family resource scale in children's mental health: Reliability and validity among economically diverse samples. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 33, 182–197.CrossRefPubMed Brannan, A. M., Manteuffel, B., Holden, E. W., & Heflinger, C. A. (2006). Use of the family resource scale in children's mental health: Reliability and validity among economically diverse samples. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 33, 182–197.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
go back to reference Buzawa, E. S., & Buzawa, C. G. (2013). What does research suggest are the primary risk and protective factors for intimate partner violence (IPV) and what is the role of economic factors? Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 32, 128–137.CrossRef Buzawa, E. S., & Buzawa, C. G. (2013). What does research suggest are the primary risk and protective factors for intimate partner violence (IPV) and what is the role of economic factors? Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 32, 128–137.CrossRef
go back to reference Chaffin, M. (2004). Is it time to rethink healthy start/healthy families? Child Abuse & Neglect, 28, 589–595.CrossRef Chaffin, M. (2004). Is it time to rethink healthy start/healthy families? Child Abuse & Neglect, 28, 589–595.CrossRef
go back to reference Chaffin, M., & Bard, D. (2011). Changes in parental depression symptoms during family preservation services. Child Abuse & Neglect, 35, 448–458.CrossRef Chaffin, M., & Bard, D. (2011). Changes in parental depression symptoms during family preservation services. Child Abuse & Neglect, 35, 448–458.CrossRef
go back to reference Chaffin, M., Kelleher, K., & Hollenberg, J. (1996). Onset of physical abuse and neglect: Risk factors from prospective community data. Child Abuse & Neglect, 20, 191–203.CrossRef Chaffin, M., Kelleher, K., & Hollenberg, J. (1996). Onset of physical abuse and neglect: Risk factors from prospective community data. Child Abuse & Neglect, 20, 191–203.CrossRef
go back to reference Chaffin, M., Bonner, B. L., & Hill, R. (2001). Family preservation and family support programs: Child maltreatment outcomes across client risk levels and program types. Child Abuse & Neglect, 25, 1269–1289.CrossRef Chaffin, M., Bonner, B. L., & Hill, R. (2001). Family preservation and family support programs: Child maltreatment outcomes across client risk levels and program types. Child Abuse & Neglect, 25, 1269–1289.CrossRef
go back to reference Chaffin, M., Silovsky, J. F., Funderburk, B., Valle, L. A., Brestan, E. V., Balachova, T., et al. (2004). Parent-child interaction therapy with physically abusive parents: Efficacy for reducing future abuse reports. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72, 500–510.CrossRefPubMed Chaffin, M., Silovsky, J. F., Funderburk, B., Valle, L. A., Brestan, E. V., Balachova, T., et al. (2004). Parent-child interaction therapy with physically abusive parents: Efficacy for reducing future abuse reports. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72, 500–510.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Chu, A. T., Pineda, A. S., DePrince, A. P., & Freyd, J. J. (2011). Vulnerability and protective factors for child abuse and maltreatment. Violence against women and children,. In Mapping the terrain (Vol. vol 1, pp. 55–75). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Chu, A. T., Pineda, A. S., DePrince, A. P., & Freyd, J. J. (2011). Vulnerability and protective factors for child abuse and maltreatment. Violence against women and children,. In Mapping the terrain (Vol. vol 1, pp. 55–75). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
go back to reference Coker, A., Derrick, C., Lumpkin, J., Aldrich, T., & Oldendick, R. (2000). Help-seeking for intimate partner violence and forced sex in South Carolina. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 19, 316–320.CrossRefPubMed Coker, A., Derrick, C., Lumpkin, J., Aldrich, T., & Oldendick, R. (2000). Help-seeking for intimate partner violence and forced sex in South Carolina. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 19, 316–320.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Coker, A. L., Watkins, K. W., Smith, P. H., & Brandt, H. M. (2003). Social support reduces the impact of partner violence on health: Application of structural equation models. Preventive Medicine: An International Journal Devoted to Practice and Theory, 37, 259–267.CrossRef Coker, A. L., Watkins, K. W., Smith, P. H., & Brandt, H. M. (2003). Social support reduces the impact of partner violence on health: Application of structural equation models. Preventive Medicine: An International Journal Devoted to Practice and Theory, 37, 259–267.CrossRef
go back to reference Colarossi, L. G., & Eccles, J. S. (2003). Differential effects of support providers on adolescents' mental health. Social Work Research, 27, 19–30.CrossRef Colarossi, L. G., & Eccles, J. S. (2003). Differential effects of support providers on adolescents' mental health. Social Work Research, 27, 19–30.CrossRef
go back to reference Counts, J. M., Buffington, E. S., Chang-Rios, K., Rasmussen, H. N., & Preacher, K. J. (2010). The development and validation of the protective factors survey: A self-report measure of protective factors against child maltreatment. Child Abuse & Neglect, 34, 762–772.CrossRef Counts, J. M., Buffington, E. S., Chang-Rios, K., Rasmussen, H. N., & Preacher, K. J. (2010). The development and validation of the protective factors survey: A self-report measure of protective factors against child maltreatment. Child Abuse & Neglect, 34, 762–772.CrossRef
go back to reference Douglas, E. M., & Hines, D. A. (2011). The helpseeking experiences of men who sustain intimate partner violence: An overlooked population and implications for practice. Journal of Family Violence, 26, 473–485.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Douglas, E. M., & Hines, D. A. (2011). The helpseeking experiences of men who sustain intimate partner violence: An overlooked population and implications for practice. Journal of Family Violence, 26, 473–485.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Douglas, E. M., Hines, D. A., & McCarthy, S. C. (2012). Men who sustain female-to-male partner violence: Factors associated with where they seek help and how they rate those resources. Violence and Victims, 27, 871–894.CrossRefPubMed Douglas, E. M., Hines, D. A., & McCarthy, S. C. (2012). Men who sustain female-to-male partner violence: Factors associated with where they seek help and how they rate those resources. Violence and Victims, 27, 871–894.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Duggan, A. K., McFarlane, E. C., Windham, A. M., Rohde, C. A., Salkever, D. S., Fuddy, L. R., et al. (1999). Evaluation of Hawaii’s healthy start program. The Future of Children, 9, 66–90.CrossRefPubMed Duggan, A. K., McFarlane, E. C., Windham, A. M., Rohde, C. A., Salkever, D. S., Fuddy, L. R., et al. (1999). Evaluation of Hawaii’s healthy start program. The Future of Children, 9, 66–90.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Duggan, A., Fuddy, L., Burrell, L., Higman, S. M., McFarlane, E., Windham, A., et al. (2004). Randomized trial of a statewide home visiting program to prevent child abuse: Impact in reducing parental risk factors. Child Abuse & Neglect, 28, 623–643.CrossRef Duggan, A., Fuddy, L., Burrell, L., Higman, S. M., McFarlane, E., Windham, A., et al. (2004). Randomized trial of a statewide home visiting program to prevent child abuse: Impact in reducing parental risk factors. Child Abuse & Neglect, 28, 623–643.CrossRef
go back to reference Duggan, A., Caldera, D., Rodriguez, K., Burrell, L., Rohde, C., & Crowne, S. (2007). Impact of a statewide home visiting program to prevent child abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 31, 801–827.CrossRef Duggan, A., Caldera, D., Rodriguez, K., Burrell, L., Rohde, C., & Crowne, S. (2007). Impact of a statewide home visiting program to prevent child abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 31, 801–827.CrossRef
go back to reference Dunst, C. J., & Leet, H. E. (1987). Measuring the adequacy of resources in households with young children. Child: Care, Health and Development, 13, 111–125. Dunst, C. J., & Leet, H. E. (1987). Measuring the adequacy of resources in households with young children. Child: Care, Health and Development, 13, 111–125.
go back to reference Dunst, C. J., Leet, H. E., & Trivette, C. M. (1988). Family resources, personal well-being, and early intervention. The Journal of Special Education, 22, 108–116.CrossRef Dunst, C. J., Leet, H. E., & Trivette, C. M. (1988). Family resources, personal well-being, and early intervention. The Journal of Special Education, 22, 108–116.CrossRef
go back to reference Duterte, E. E., Bonomi, A. E., Kernic, M. A., Schiff, M. A., Thompson, R. S., & Rivara, F. P. (2008). Correlates of medical and legal help seeking among women reporting intimate partner violence. Journal of Women's Health, 17, 85–95.CrossRefPubMed Duterte, E. E., Bonomi, A. E., Kernic, M. A., Schiff, M. A., Thompson, R. S., & Rivara, F. P. (2008). Correlates of medical and legal help seeking among women reporting intimate partner violence. Journal of Women's Health, 17, 85–95.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Eckenrode, J., Ganzel, B., Henderson, C. R., Smith, E., Old, D. L., Powers, J., et al. (2001). Preventing child abuse and neglect with a program of nurse home visitation: The limiting effects of domestic violence. JAMA : The Journal of the American Medical Association, 284, 1385–1391.CrossRef Eckenrode, J., Ganzel, B., Henderson, C. R., Smith, E., Old, D. L., Powers, J., et al. (2001). Preventing child abuse and neglect with a program of nurse home visitation: The limiting effects of domestic violence. JAMA : The Journal of the American Medical Association, 284, 1385–1391.CrossRef
go back to reference El-Bassel, N., Gilbert, L., Rajah, V., Folleno, A., & Frye, V. (2001). Social support among women in methadone treatment who experience partner violence: Isolation and male con- trolling behavior. Violence Against Women, 7, 246–275.CrossRef El-Bassel, N., Gilbert, L., Rajah, V., Folleno, A., & Frye, V. (2001). Social support among women in methadone treatment who experience partner violence: Isolation and male con- trolling behavior. Violence Against Women, 7, 246–275.CrossRef
go back to reference Filene, J. H., Kaminski, J. W., Valle, L. A., & Cachat, P. (2013). Components associated with home visiting program outcomes: A meta-analysis. Pediatrics, 132, 100–109.CrossRef Filene, J. H., Kaminski, J. W., Valle, L. A., & Cachat, P. (2013). Components associated with home visiting program outcomes: A meta-analysis. Pediatrics, 132, 100–109.CrossRef
go back to reference Finkelhor, D., Ormod, R. K., & Turner, H. A. (2010). Poly-victimization in a national sample of children and youth. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 38, 323–330.CrossRefPubMed Finkelhor, D., Ormod, R. K., & Turner, H. A. (2010). Poly-victimization in a national sample of children and youth. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 38, 323–330.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Fortin, I., Guay, S., Lavoie, V., Boisvert, J., & Beaudry, M. (2012). Intimate partner violence and psychological distress among young couples: Analysis of the moderating effect of social support. Journal of Family Violence, 27, 63–73.CrossRef Fortin, I., Guay, S., Lavoie, V., Boisvert, J., & Beaudry, M. (2012). Intimate partner violence and psychological distress among young couples: Analysis of the moderating effect of social support. Journal of Family Violence, 27, 63–73.CrossRef
go back to reference Fowler, D. N., & Hill, H. M. (2004). Social support and spirituality as culturally relevant factors in coping among African American women survivors of partner abuse. Violence Against Women, 10, 1267–1282.CrossRef Fowler, D. N., & Hill, H. M. (2004). Social support and spirituality as culturally relevant factors in coping among African American women survivors of partner abuse. Violence Against Women, 10, 1267–1282.CrossRef
go back to reference Garbarino, J. (1983). Social support networks: RX for the helping professionals. In J. Whittaker & J. Garbarino (Eds.), Social support networks: Informal helping in the human services (pp. 3–28). New York: Aldine. Garbarino, J. (1983). Social support networks: RX for the helping professionals. In J. Whittaker & J. Garbarino (Eds.), Social support networks: Informal helping in the human services (pp. 3–28). New York: Aldine.
go back to reference Gilroy, H., Symes, L., & McFarlane, J. (2015). Economic solvency in the context of violence against women: A concept analysis. Health & Social Care in the Community, 23, 97–106.CrossRef Gilroy, H., Symes, L., & McFarlane, J. (2015). Economic solvency in the context of violence against women: A concept analysis. Health & Social Care in the Community, 23, 97–106.CrossRef
go back to reference Go, V. F., Johnson, S. C., Bentley, M. E., Sivaram, S., Srikrishnan, A. K., Celentano, D. D., et al. (2003). Crossing the threshold: Engendered definitions of socially acceptable domestic violence in Chennai, India. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 5, 393–408.CrossRef Go, V. F., Johnson, S. C., Bentley, M. E., Sivaram, S., Srikrishnan, A. K., Celentano, D. D., et al. (2003). Crossing the threshold: Engendered definitions of socially acceptable domestic violence in Chennai, India. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 5, 393–408.CrossRef
go back to reference Golding, J. M. (1999). Intimate partner violence as a risk factor for mental disorders: A meta-analysis. Journal of Family Violence, 14, 99–132.CrossRef Golding, J. M. (1999). Intimate partner violence as a risk factor for mental disorders: A meta-analysis. Journal of Family Violence, 14, 99–132.CrossRef
go back to reference Graham-Bermann, S. A., & Seng, J. (2005). Violence exposure and traumatic stress symptoms as additional predictors of health problems in high-risk children. Journal of Pediatrics, 146, 349–354.CrossRefPubMed Graham-Bermann, S. A., & Seng, J. (2005). Violence exposure and traumatic stress symptoms as additional predictors of health problems in high-risk children. Journal of Pediatrics, 146, 349–354.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Hage, S. M. (2006). Profiles of women survivors: The development of agency in abusive relationships. Journal of Counseling and Development, 84, 83–94.CrossRef Hage, S. M. (2006). Profiles of women survivors: The development of agency in abusive relationships. Journal of Counseling and Development, 84, 83–94.CrossRef
go back to reference Hazen, A. L., Connelly, C. D., Kelleher, K., Landsverk, J., & Barth, R. (2004). Intimate partner violence among female caregivers of children reported for child maltreatment. Child Abuse & Neglect, 28, 301–319.CrossRef Hazen, A. L., Connelly, C. D., Kelleher, K., Landsverk, J., & Barth, R. (2004). Intimate partner violence among female caregivers of children reported for child maltreatment. Child Abuse & Neglect, 28, 301–319.CrossRef
go back to reference Herrenkohl, T. I., Sousa, C., Tajima, E. A., Herrenkohl, R. C., & Moylan, C. A. (2008). Intersection of child abuse and children’s exposure to domestic violence. Trauma, Violence & Abuse, 9, 84–99.CrossRef Herrenkohl, T. I., Sousa, C., Tajima, E. A., Herrenkohl, R. C., & Moylan, C. A. (2008). Intersection of child abuse and children’s exposure to domestic violence. Trauma, Violence & Abuse, 9, 84–99.CrossRef
go back to reference Ibarra-Rovillard, M., & Kuiper, N. A. (2011). Social support and social negativity findings in depression: Perceived responsiveness to basic psychological needs. Clinical Psychology Review, 31, 342–352.CrossRefPubMed Ibarra-Rovillard, M., & Kuiper, N. A. (2011). Social support and social negativity findings in depression: Perceived responsiveness to basic psychological needs. Clinical Psychology Review, 31, 342–352.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Johnson, M. P. (2000). Conflict and control: Images of symmetry and asymmetry in domestic violence. In A. Booth, A. C. Crouter, & M. Clements (Eds.), Couples in conflict (pp. 178–204). Hillsdale: Erlbaum. Johnson, M. P. (2000). Conflict and control: Images of symmetry and asymmetry in domestic violence. In A. Booth, A. C. Crouter, & M. Clements (Eds.), Couples in conflict (pp. 178–204). Hillsdale: Erlbaum.
go back to reference Johnson, M. (2005). Domestic violence: It’s not about gender—Or is it? Journal of Marriage and Family, 67, 1126–1130.CrossRef Johnson, M. (2005). Domestic violence: It’s not about gender—Or is it? Journal of Marriage and Family, 67, 1126–1130.CrossRef
go back to reference Johnson, M. (2006). Conflict and control: Gender symmetry and asymmetry in domestic violence. Violence Against Women, 12, 1003–1018.CrossRefPubMed Johnson, M. (2006). Conflict and control: Gender symmetry and asymmetry in domestic violence. Violence Against Women, 12, 1003–1018.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Johnson, M. P., & Leone, J. M. (2005). The differential effects of intimate terrorism and situational couple violence: Findings from the National Violence against Women Survey. Journal of Family Issues, 26, 322–349.CrossRef Johnson, M. P., & Leone, J. M. (2005). The differential effects of intimate terrorism and situational couple violence: Findings from the National Violence against Women Survey. Journal of Family Issues, 26, 322–349.CrossRef
go back to reference Kiernan, K. E., & Huerta, M. C. (2008). Economic deprivation, maternal depression, parenting, and children’s cognitive and emotional development in early childhood. The British Journal of Sociology, 59, 783–806.CrossRefPubMed Kiernan, K. E., & Huerta, M. C. (2008). Economic deprivation, maternal depression, parenting, and children’s cognitive and emotional development in early childhood. The British Journal of Sociology, 59, 783–806.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Klevens, J., & Whittaker, D. J. (2007). Primary prevention of child physical abuse and neglect: Gaps and promising directions. Child Maltreatment, 12, 364–377.CrossRefPubMed Klevens, J., & Whittaker, D. J. (2007). Primary prevention of child physical abuse and neglect: Gaps and promising directions. Child Maltreatment, 12, 364–377.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Lane, J. M., & Addis, M. E. (2005). Male gender role conflict and patterns of help seeking in Costa Rica and the United States. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 6, 155–168.CrossRef Lane, J. M., & Addis, M. E. (2005). Male gender role conflict and patterns of help seeking in Costa Rica and the United States. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 6, 155–168.CrossRef
go back to reference Leahy-Warren, P., McCarthy, G., & Corcoran, P. (2012). First-time mothers: Social support, maternal parental self-efficacy and postnatal depression. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 21, 388–397.CrossRefPubMed Leahy-Warren, P., McCarthy, G., & Corcoran, P. (2012). First-time mothers: Social support, maternal parental self-efficacy and postnatal depression. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 21, 388–397.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Leone, J. M., Johnson, M. P., & Cohan, L. C. (2007). Victim help seeking: Differences between intimate terrorism and situational couple violence. Family Relations, 56, 427–439.CrossRef Leone, J. M., Johnson, M. P., & Cohan, L. C. (2007). Victim help seeking: Differences between intimate terrorism and situational couple violence. Family Relations, 56, 427–439.CrossRef
go back to reference Li, F., Godinet, M. T., & Arnsberger, P. (2011). Protective factors among families with children at risk of maltreatment: Follow up to early school years. Children and Youth Services Review, 33, 139–148.CrossRef Li, F., Godinet, M. T., & Arnsberger, P. (2011). Protective factors among families with children at risk of maltreatment: Follow up to early school years. Children and Youth Services Review, 33, 139–148.CrossRef
go back to reference Loman, L. A. (2006). Families frequently encountered by child protection services: A report on chronic abuse and neglect. St. Louis, MO: Institute of Applied Research. Loman, L. A. (2006). Families frequently encountered by child protection services: A report on chronic abuse and neglect. St. Louis, MO: Institute of Applied Research.
go back to reference Lutzker, J. R., & Bigelow, K. M. (2002). Reducing child maltreatment: A guidebook for parent services. New York, NY: Guilford Press. Lutzker, J. R., & Bigelow, K. M. (2002). Reducing child maltreatment: A guidebook for parent services. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
go back to reference Maslow, A. (1954). Motivation and personality. New York: Harper & Row. Maslow, A. (1954). Motivation and personality. New York: Harper & Row.
go back to reference Meadows, L. A., Kaslow, N. J., Thompson, M. P., & Jurkovic, G. J. (2005). Protective factors against suicide attempt risk among African American women experiencing intimate partner violence. American Journal of Community Psychology, 36, 109–121.CrossRefPubMed Meadows, L. A., Kaslow, N. J., Thompson, M. P., & Jurkovic, G. J. (2005). Protective factors against suicide attempt risk among African American women experiencing intimate partner violence. American Journal of Community Psychology, 36, 109–121.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Merritt, D. H. (2009). Child abuse potential: Correlates with child maltreatment rates and structural measures of neighborhoods. Children and Youth Services Review, 31, 927–934.CrossRef Merritt, D. H. (2009). Child abuse potential: Correlates with child maltreatment rates and structural measures of neighborhoods. Children and Youth Services Review, 31, 927–934.CrossRef
go back to reference Messing, J. T., Mohr, R., & Durfee, A. (2015). Intimate partner violence and women’s experiences of grief. Child & Family Social Work, 20, 30–39.CrossRef Messing, J. T., Mohr, R., & Durfee, A. (2015). Intimate partner violence and women’s experiences of grief. Child & Family Social Work, 20, 30–39.CrossRef
go back to reference Nash, S. T. (2006). The changing of the gods: Abused Christian wives and their hermeneutic revision of gender, power, and spousal conduct. Qualitative Sociology, 29, 195–209.CrossRef Nash, S. T. (2006). The changing of the gods: Abused Christian wives and their hermeneutic revision of gender, power, and spousal conduct. Qualitative Sociology, 29, 195–209.CrossRef
go back to reference Negron, R., Martin, A., Almog, M., Balbierz, A., & Howell, E. A. (2013). Social support during the postpartum period: Mothers’ views on needs, expectations, and mobilization of support. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 17, 616–623.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Negron, R., Martin, A., Almog, M., Balbierz, A., & Howell, E. A. (2013). Social support during the postpartum period: Mothers’ views on needs, expectations, and mobilization of support. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 17, 616–623.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Nezlek, J. B., Kowalski, R. M., Leary, M. R., Blevins, T., & Holgate, S. (1997). Personality moderators of reactions to interpersonal rejection: Depression and trait self- esteem. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, 1235–1244.CrossRef Nezlek, J. B., Kowalski, R. M., Leary, M. R., Blevins, T., & Holgate, S. (1997). Personality moderators of reactions to interpersonal rejection: Depression and trait self- esteem. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, 1235–1244.CrossRef
go back to reference O’Campo, P., McDonnell, K., Gielen, A., Burke, J., & Chen, Y. (2002). Surviving physical and sexual abuse: What helps low-income women? Patient Education and Counseling, 46, 205–212.CrossRefPubMed O’Campo, P., McDonnell, K., Gielen, A., Burke, J., & Chen, Y. (2002). Surviving physical and sexual abuse: What helps low-income women? Patient Education and Counseling, 46, 205–212.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Paranjape, A., Heron, S., & Kaslow, N. J. (2006). Utilization of services by abused, low-income African-American women. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 21, 189–192.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Paranjape, A., Heron, S., & Kaslow, N. J. (2006). Utilization of services by abused, low-income African-American women. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 21, 189–192.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Proctor, L. J., Aarons, G. A., Dubowitz, H., English, D. J., Lewis, T., Thompson, R., et al. (2012). Trajectories of maltreatment re-reports from ages 4 to 12: Evidence for persistent risk after early exposure. Child Maltreatment, 17, 207–217.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Proctor, L. J., Aarons, G. A., Dubowitz, H., English, D. J., Lewis, T., Thompson, R., et al. (2012). Trajectories of maltreatment re-reports from ages 4 to 12: Evidence for persistent risk after early exposure. Child Maltreatment, 17, 207–217.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Ramchandani, P. G., Psychogiou, L., Vlachos, H., Iles, J., Sethna, V., Netsi, E., et al. (2011). Paternal depression: An examination of its links with father, child and family functioning in the postnatal period. Depression and Anxiety, 28, 471–477.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Ramchandani, P. G., Psychogiou, L., Vlachos, H., Iles, J., Sethna, V., Netsi, E., et al. (2011). Paternal depression: An examination of its links with father, child and family functioning in the postnatal period. Depression and Anxiety, 28, 471–477.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Renshaw, K. D. (2007). Perceived criticism only matters when it comes from those you live with. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 63, 1171–1179.CrossRefPubMed Renshaw, K. D. (2007). Perceived criticism only matters when it comes from those you live with. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 63, 1171–1179.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Rose, L. E., Campbell, J., & Kub, J. (2000). The role of social support and family relationships in women’s responses to battering. Health Care for Women International, 21, 27–39.CrossRefPubMed Rose, L. E., Campbell, J., & Kub, J. (2000). The role of social support and family relationships in women’s responses to battering. Health Care for Women International, 21, 27–39.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Sharp, S. (2009). Escaping symbolic entrapment, maintaining social identities. Social Problems, 56, 267–284.CrossRef Sharp, S. (2009). Escaping symbolic entrapment, maintaining social identities. Social Problems, 56, 267–284.CrossRef
go back to reference Silk, J. S., Shaw, D. S., Prout, J. T., O’Rourke, F., Lane, T. J., & Kovacs, M. (2011). Socialization of emotion and offspring internalizing symptoms in mothers with childhood-onset depression. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 32, 127–136.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Silk, J. S., Shaw, D. S., Prout, J. T., O’Rourke, F., Lane, T. J., & Kovacs, M. (2011). Socialization of emotion and offspring internalizing symptoms in mothers with childhood-onset depression. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 32, 127–136.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Silovsky, J. F., Bard, D., Chaffin, M., Hecht, D., Burris, L., Owora, A., et al. (2011). Prevention of child maltreatment in high-risk rural families: A randomized clinical trial with child welfare outcomes. Children and Youth Services Review, 33, 1435–1444.CrossRef Silovsky, J. F., Bard, D., Chaffin, M., Hecht, D., Burris, L., Owora, A., et al. (2011). Prevention of child maltreatment in high-risk rural families: A randomized clinical trial with child welfare outcomes. Children and Youth Services Review, 33, 1435–1444.CrossRef
go back to reference Staggs, S. L., Long, S. M., Mason, G. E., Krishnan, S., & Riger, S. (2007). Intimate partner violence, social support, and employment in the post-welfare reform era. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 22, 345–367.CrossRefPubMed Staggs, S. L., Long, S. M., Mason, G. E., Krishnan, S., & Riger, S. (2007). Intimate partner violence, social support, and employment in the post-welfare reform era. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 22, 345–367.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Stark, E. (2007). Coercive control: How men entrap women in personal life. New York: Oxford University Press. Stark, E. (2007). Coercive control: How men entrap women in personal life. New York: Oxford University Press.
go back to reference Stein, M. B., & Kennedy, C. (2001). Major depressive and post-traumatic stress disorder comorbidity in female victims of intimate partner violence. Journal of Affective Disorders, 66, 133–138.CrossRefPubMed Stein, M. B., & Kennedy, C. (2001). Major depressive and post-traumatic stress disorder comorbidity in female victims of intimate partner violence. Journal of Affective Disorders, 66, 133–138.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Stotland, N. L. (2000). Tug of war: Domestic abuse and the misuse of religion. American Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 696–702.CrossRefPubMed Stotland, N. L. (2000). Tug of war: Domestic abuse and the misuse of religion. American Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 696–702.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Strega, S., Fleet, C., Brown, L., Dorninelli, L., Callahan, M., & Walmsley, C. (2008). Connecting father absence and mother blame in child welfare policies and practice. Children and Youth Services Review, 30, 705–716.CrossRef Strega, S., Fleet, C., Brown, L., Dorninelli, L., Callahan, M., & Walmsley, C. (2008). Connecting father absence and mother blame in child welfare policies and practice. Children and Youth Services Review, 30, 705–716.CrossRef
go back to reference Tan, C., Basta, J., Sullivan, C. M., & Davidson, W. (1995). The role of social support in the lives of women exiting domestic violence shelters. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 10, 437–452.CrossRef Tan, C., Basta, J., Sullivan, C. M., & Davidson, W. (1995). The role of social support in the lives of women exiting domestic violence shelters. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 10, 437–452.CrossRef
go back to reference Tandon, S. D., Mercer, C. D., Saylor, E. L., & Duggan, A. K. (2008). Paraprofessional home visitors' perspectives on addressing poor mental health, substance abuse, and domestic violence: A qualitative study. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 23, 419–428.CrossRef Tandon, S. D., Mercer, C. D., Saylor, E. L., & Duggan, A. K. (2008). Paraprofessional home visitors' perspectives on addressing poor mental health, substance abuse, and domestic violence: A qualitative study. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 23, 419–428.CrossRef
go back to reference Thornberry, T. P., Matsuda, M., Greenman, S. J., Augustyn, M. B., Henry, K. L., Smith, C. A., et al. (2014). Adolescent risk factors for child maltreatment. Child Abuse & Neglect, 38, 706–722.CrossRef Thornberry, T. P., Matsuda, M., Greenman, S. J., Augustyn, M. B., Henry, K. L., Smith, C. A., et al. (2014). Adolescent risk factors for child maltreatment. Child Abuse & Neglect, 38, 706–722.CrossRef
go back to reference Timko, C., Cronkite, R. C., Berg, E. A., & Moos, R. H. (2002). Children of parents with unipolar depression: A comparison of stably remitted, partially remitted, and nonremitted parents and nondepressed controls. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 32, 165–185.CrossRefPubMed Timko, C., Cronkite, R. C., Berg, E. A., & Moos, R. H. (2002). Children of parents with unipolar depression: A comparison of stably remitted, partially remitted, and nonremitted parents and nondepressed controls. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 32, 165–185.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Tsui, V., Cheung, M., & Leung, P. (2010). Help-seeking among male victims of partner abuse: Men’s hard times. Journal of Community Psychology, 38, 769–780.CrossRef Tsui, V., Cheung, M., & Leung, P. (2010). Help-seeking among male victims of partner abuse: Men’s hard times. Journal of Community Psychology, 38, 769–780.CrossRef
go back to reference Van Horn, M. L., Bellis, J. M., & Snyder, S. W. (2001). Family resources scale: Psychometrics and validation of a measure of family resources in a sample of low-income families. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 19, 54–68.CrossRef Van Horn, M. L., Bellis, J. M., & Snyder, S. W. (2001). Family resources scale: Psychometrics and validation of a measure of family resources in a sample of low-income families. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 19, 54–68.CrossRef
go back to reference Wang, J., Zhao, X., Liu, L., & Ma, X. (2012). Family functioning, social support, and depression in Chinese population. Psychopathology, 45, 334–336.CrossRefPubMed Wang, J., Zhao, X., Liu, L., & Ma, X. (2012). Family functioning, social support, and depression in Chinese population. Psychopathology, 45, 334–336.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Warburton, A. L., & Abel, K. M. (2006). Domestic violence and its impact on mood disorder in women: Implications for mental health workers. In D. J. Castle, J. Kulkarni, & K. M. Abel (Eds.), Mood and anxiety disorders in women (pp. 92–115). New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef Warburton, A. L., & Abel, K. M. (2006). Domestic violence and its impact on mood disorder in women: Implications for mental health workers. In D. J. Castle, J. Kulkarni, & K. M. Abel (Eds.), Mood and anxiety disorders in women (pp. 92–115). New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef
go back to reference Watlington, C. G., & Murphy, C. M. (2006). The roles of spirituality and religion among African American survivors of domestic violence. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62, 837–857.CrossRefPubMed Watlington, C. G., & Murphy, C. M. (2006). The roles of spirituality and religion among African American survivors of domestic violence. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62, 837–857.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Wolfe, D. A. (2011). Risk factors for child abuse perpetration. In J. W. White, M. P. Koss, & A. E. Kazdin (Eds.), Mapping the terrain (Vol. 1): Violence against women and children. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Wolfe, D. A. (2011). Risk factors for child abuse perpetration. In J. W. White, M. P. Koss, & A. E. Kazdin (Eds.), Mapping the terrain (Vol. 1): Violence against women and children. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
go back to reference Yoshioka, K., Gilbert, L., El-Bassel, N., & Baig-Amin, M. (2003). Social support and disclosure of abuse: Comparing south Asian, African American, and Hispanic battered women. Journal of Family Violence, 18, 171–180.CrossRef Yoshioka, K., Gilbert, L., El-Bassel, N., & Baig-Amin, M. (2003). Social support and disclosure of abuse: Comparing south Asian, African American, and Hispanic battered women. Journal of Family Violence, 18, 171–180.CrossRef
go back to reference Young-Wolff, K., Hellmuth, J. C., Jaquier, V., Swan, S. C., Connell, C. M., & Sullivan, T. P. (2013). Patterns of resource utilization and mental health symptoms among women exposed to multiple types of victimization: A latent class analysis. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 28, 3059–3083.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Young-Wolff, K., Hellmuth, J. C., Jaquier, V., Swan, S. C., Connell, C. M., & Sullivan, T. P. (2013). Patterns of resource utilization and mental health symptoms among women exposed to multiple types of victimization: A latent class analysis. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 28, 3059–3083.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Zlotnick, C., Johnson, D. M., & Kohn, R. (2006). Intimate partner violence and long-term psychosocial functioning in a national sample of American women. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 21, 262–275.CrossRefPubMed Zlotnick, C., Johnson, D. M., & Kohn, R. (2006). Intimate partner violence and long-term psychosocial functioning in a national sample of American women. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 21, 262–275.CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Consideration of Risk and Protective Factors for Families at Risk for Child Maltreatment: An Intervention Approach
Authors
Leigh E. Ridings
Lana O. Beasley
Jane F. Silovsky
Publication date
01-02-2017
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Journal of Family Violence / Issue 2/2017
Print ISSN: 0885-7482
Electronic ISSN: 1573-2851
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-016-9826-y

Other articles of this Issue 2/2017

Journal of Family Violence 2/2017 Go to the issue