Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Journal of Family Violence 8/2013

01-11-2013 | GENDER ISSUES IN VIOLENCE AND TRAUMA

Factors Influencing Domestic and Marital Violence against Women in Ghana

Authors: Eric Y. Tenkorang, Adobea Y. Owusu, Eric H. Yeboah, Richard Bannerman

Published in: Journal of Family Violence | Issue 8/2013

Login to get access

Abstract

Using the most recent version of the Ghana Demographic and Health Survey and employing complementary log-log models, this study examined the causes of both physical and sexual violence among married women in Ghana. Results indicate that wealth and employment status that capture feminist explanations of domestic violence were not significantly related to both physical and sexual violence. Education was however, related to physical violence among Ghanaian women. Women who thought wife beating was justified and those who reported higher levels of control by their husbands had higher odds of experiencing physical and sexual violence. Also, compared to those who had not, women who witnessed family violence in their lives were significantly more likely to have experienced physical and sexual violence.
Footnotes
1
A practice in which a woman becomes the automatic wife of the brother of her late husband
 
2
Where widows are subjected to several acts of cruelty including pouring pepper into their eyes and private parts, severe beating etc. all in the name of paying respects to the dead husband (see Amoakohene 2004; Ampofo 1993)
 
3
Trokosi’ comes from two words, ‘Tro’ meaning God and ‘Kosi’ translated as virgin, slave or wife. The practice demands that women, in particular, young girls be given as slaves to priests of specific shrines to appease the gods or spirits of crimes perpetrated by some family members (see Amoah 2007).
 
4
A technique that helps in the determination of an “ideal” cut-off value based on the trade-offs between sensitivity and specificity. In ideal situations the desired cut-off value produces the highest sensitivity and specificity.
 
Literature
go back to reference Abama, E., & Kwaja, C. M. (2009). Violence against women in Nigeria: How the millennium development goals addresses the challenge. Journal of Pan African Studies, 3, 23–34. Abama, E., & Kwaja, C. M. (2009). Violence against women in Nigeria: How the millennium development goals addresses the challenge. Journal of Pan African Studies, 3, 23–34.
go back to reference Amoah, J. (2007). The world on her shoulders: the rights of the girl-child in the context of culture and identity. Essex Human Rights Review, 4, 1–23. Amoah, J. (2007). The world on her shoulders: the rights of the girl-child in the context of culture and identity. Essex Human Rights Review, 4, 1–23.
go back to reference Amoakohene, M. I. (2004). Violence against women in Ghana: a look at women’s perceptions and review of policy and social responses. Social Science and Medicine, 59, 2373–2385.PubMedCrossRef Amoakohene, M. I. (2004). Violence against women in Ghana: a look at women’s perceptions and review of policy and social responses. Social Science and Medicine, 59, 2373–2385.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Ampofo, A. A. (1993). Controlling and punishing women: violence against Ghanaian women. Review of African Political Economy, 56, 102–111.CrossRef Ampofo, A. A. (1993). Controlling and punishing women: violence against Ghanaian women. Review of African Political Economy, 56, 102–111.CrossRef
go back to reference Babu, B. V., & Shantanu, K. J. (2009). Domestic violence against women in eastern India: a population-based study on prevalence and related issues. BMC Public Health, 9, 129–144.PubMedCrossRef Babu, B. V., & Shantanu, K. J. (2009). Domestic violence against women in eastern India: a population-based study on prevalence and related issues. BMC Public Health, 9, 129–144.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Bates, L. M., Schuler, S. R., Islam, F., & Islam, K. (2004). Socio-economic factors and processes associated with domestic violence in rural Bangladesh. International Family Planning Perspectives, 30, 190–199.PubMedCrossRef Bates, L. M., Schuler, S. R., Islam, F., & Islam, K. (2004). Socio-economic factors and processes associated with domestic violence in rural Bangladesh. International Family Planning Perspectives, 30, 190–199.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Becker, K. D., Stuewig, J., & McCloskey, L. A. (2010). Traumatic stress symptoms of women exposed to different forms childhood victimization and intimate partner violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 25, 1699–1715.PubMedCrossRef Becker, K. D., Stuewig, J., & McCloskey, L. A. (2010). Traumatic stress symptoms of women exposed to different forms childhood victimization and intimate partner violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 25, 1699–1715.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Black, B. M., Weisz, A. N., & Bennett, L. W. (2010). Graduating social work students’ perspectives on domestic violence. Journal of Women and Social Work, 25, 173–184.CrossRef Black, B. M., Weisz, A. N., & Bennett, L. W. (2010). Graduating social work students’ perspectives on domestic violence. Journal of Women and Social Work, 25, 173–184.CrossRef
go back to reference Borwankar, R., Diallo, R., & Sommerfelt, A. E. (2008). Gender-based violence in sub-Saharan Africa: A review of Demographic and Health Survey findings and their use in National Planning. Washington: USAID/AFR/SD and Africa’s Health in 2010/AED. Borwankar, R., Diallo, R., & Sommerfelt, A. E. (2008). Gender-based violence in sub-Saharan Africa: A review of Demographic and Health Survey findings and their use in National Planning. Washington: USAID/AFR/SD and Africa’s Health in 2010/AED.
go back to reference Bowman, C. G. (2003a). Domestic violence: Does the African context demand a different approach? International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 26, 473–491.PubMedCrossRef Bowman, C. G. (2003a). Domestic violence: Does the African context demand a different approach? International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 26, 473–491.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Bowman, C. G. (2003b). Theories of domestic violence in the African context. Journal of Gender, Social Policy & the Law, 11, 847–863. Bowman, C. G. (2003b). Theories of domestic violence in the African context. Journal of Gender, Social Policy & the Law, 11, 847–863.
go back to reference Braveman, P., & Barclay, C. (2009). Health disparities beginning in childhood: a life-course perspective. Pediatrics, 124, S163–S174.PubMedCrossRef Braveman, P., & Barclay, C. (2009). Health disparities beginning in childhood: a life-course perspective. Pediatrics, 124, S163–S174.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Brent, W., Blanc, A. K., & Gage, A. J. (2000). Who decides? Women’s status and negotiations of sex in Uganda. Culture, Health and Sexuality, 2, 303–322.CrossRef Brent, W., Blanc, A. K., & Gage, A. J. (2000). Who decides? Women’s status and negotiations of sex in Uganda. Culture, Health and Sexuality, 2, 303–322.CrossRef
go back to reference Cantalupo, N., Martin, L. V., Pak, K., & Shin, S. (2006). Domestic violence in Ghana: the open secret. The Georgetown Journal of Gender and the Law, 2, 531–597. Cantalupo, N., Martin, L. V., Pak, K., & Shin, S. (2006). Domestic violence in Ghana: the open secret. The Georgetown Journal of Gender and the Law, 2, 531–597.
go back to reference Coker-Appiah, D., & Cusack, K. (Eds.). (1999). Breaking the silence and challenging the myths of violence against women and children in Ghana: Report on a national study of violence. Accra: Gender Studies & Human Rights Documentation Centre. Coker-Appiah, D., & Cusack, K. (Eds.). (1999). Breaking the silence and challenging the myths of violence against women and children in Ghana: Report on a national study of violence. Accra: Gender Studies & Human Rights Documentation Centre.
go back to reference Dempsey, B., & Day, A. (2010). The identification of implicit in domestic violence perpetrators. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 55, 416–429.PubMedCrossRef Dempsey, B., & Day, A. (2010). The identification of implicit in domestic violence perpetrators. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 55, 416–429.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Dienye, P. O., & Gbeneol, P. K. (2009). Domestic violence against men in primary care in Nigeria. American Journal of Men’s Health, 3, 333–339.PubMedCrossRef Dienye, P. O., & Gbeneol, P. K. (2009). Domestic violence against men in primary care in Nigeria. American Journal of Men’s Health, 3, 333–339.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Ferraro, K. J., & Johnson, J. M. (1983). How women experience battering: the process of victimization. Social Problems, 30, 325–339.CrossRef Ferraro, K. J., & Johnson, J. M. (1983). How women experience battering: the process of victimization. Social Problems, 30, 325–339.CrossRef
go back to reference Flood, M., & Pease, B. (2009). Factors influencing attitudes to violence against women. Trauma, Violence & Abuse, 10, 125–142.CrossRef Flood, M., & Pease, B. (2009). Factors influencing attitudes to violence against women. Trauma, Violence & Abuse, 10, 125–142.CrossRef
go back to reference Ghana News Agency (2005). Northern region records high incidence of violence against women. Ghana News Agency (2005). Northern region records high incidence of violence against women.
go back to reference Giles-Sims, J. (1985). A longitudinal study of battered children of battered wives. Family Relations, 34, 205–210.CrossRef Giles-Sims, J. (1985). A longitudinal study of battered children of battered wives. Family Relations, 34, 205–210.CrossRef
go back to reference Guo, G., & Zhao, H. (2000). Multilevel modeling for binary data. Annual Review of Sociology, 26, 441–462.CrossRef Guo, G., & Zhao, H. (2000). Multilevel modeling for binary data. Annual Review of Sociology, 26, 441–462.CrossRef
go back to reference Gyimah, S. O., Tenkorang, E. Y., Takyi, B. K., Adjei, J., & Fosu, G. (2010). Religion, HIV/AIDS and sexual risk-taking among men in Ghana. Journal of Biosocial science, 42, 531–547.PubMedCrossRef Gyimah, S. O., Tenkorang, E. Y., Takyi, B. K., Adjei, J., & Fosu, G. (2010). Religion, HIV/AIDS and sexual risk-taking among men in Ghana. Journal of Biosocial science, 42, 531–547.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Holt, S., Buckley, H., & Whelan, S. (2008). The impact of exposure to domestic violence on children and young people: a review of the literature. Child Abuse & Neglect, 32, 797–810.CrossRef Holt, S., Buckley, H., & Whelan, S. (2008). The impact of exposure to domestic violence on children and young people: a review of the literature. Child Abuse & Neglect, 32, 797–810.CrossRef
go back to reference Humphreys, C. (2007). A health inequalities perspective on violence against women. Health and Social Care in the Community, 15, 120–127.PubMedCrossRef Humphreys, C. (2007). A health inequalities perspective on violence against women. Health and Social Care in the Community, 15, 120–127.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Jejeebhoy, S. J. (1998). Wife-beating in rural India: a husband’s right? Evidence from survey data. Economic and Political Weekly, 33, 855–862. Jejeebhoy, S. J. (1998). Wife-beating in rural India: a husband’s right? Evidence from survey data. Economic and Political Weekly, 33, 855–862.
go back to reference Jejeebhoy, S. J., & Bott, S. (2003). Non-consensual sexual experiences of young people: A review of the evidence from developing countries. Regional Working Papers, No. 13.Population Council, New Delhi, India. Jejeebhoy, S. J., & Bott, S. (2003). Non-consensual sexual experiences of young people: A review of the evidence from developing countries. Regional Working Papers, No. 13.Population Council, New Delhi, India.
go back to reference Johnson, M. P., & Ferraro, K. J. (2000). Research on domestic violence in the 1990s: making distinctions. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 62, 948–963.CrossRef Johnson, M. P., & Ferraro, K. J. (2000). Research on domestic violence in the 1990s: making distinctions. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 62, 948–963.CrossRef
go back to reference Kessler, R. C., & Magee, W. J. (1994). Childhood family violence and adult recurrent depression. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 35, 13–27.PubMedCrossRef Kessler, R. C., & Magee, W. J. (1994). Childhood family violence and adult recurrent depression. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 35, 13–27.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Kimani, M. (2007). Taking on violence against women in Africa: international norms, local activism start to alter laws, attitudes. Africa Renewal, 21, 4. Kimani, M. (2007). Taking on violence against women in Africa: international norms, local activism start to alter laws, attitudes. Africa Renewal, 21, 4.
go back to reference Kishor, S., & Johnson, K. (2004). Profiling domestic violence - a multi country study. Calverton: ORC Macro. Kishor, S., & Johnson, K. (2004). Profiling domestic violence - a multi country study. Calverton: ORC Macro.
go back to reference Kishor, S., & Johnson, K. (2006). Reproductive health and domestic violence: Are the poorest women uniquely disadvantaged? Demography, 43, 293–307.PubMedCrossRef Kishor, S., & Johnson, K. (2006). Reproductive health and domestic violence: Are the poorest women uniquely disadvantaged? Demography, 43, 293–307.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Kiss, L., Schraiber, L. B., Heise, L., Zimmerman, C., Gouveia, N., & Watts, C. (2012). Gender-based violence and socio-economic inequalities: Does living in more deprived neighborhoods increase women’s risk of intimate partner violence? Social Science & Medicine, 74, 1172–1179.CrossRef Kiss, L., Schraiber, L. B., Heise, L., Zimmerman, C., Gouveia, N., & Watts, C. (2012). Gender-based violence and socio-economic inequalities: Does living in more deprived neighborhoods increase women’s risk of intimate partner violence? Social Science & Medicine, 74, 1172–1179.CrossRef
go back to reference Kocacik, F., & Dogan, O. (2006). Domestic violence against women in Sivas, Turkey: survey study. Croatian Medical Journal, 47, 742–749.PubMed Kocacik, F., & Dogan, O. (2006). Domestic violence against women in Sivas, Turkey: survey study. Croatian Medical Journal, 47, 742–749.PubMed
go back to reference Koenig, M. A., Ahmed, S., Hossain, M. B., & Mozumder, K. A. (2003). Women’s Status and domestic violence in Bangladesh: individual and community-level effects. Demography, 40, 269–288.PubMedCrossRef Koenig, M. A., Ahmed, S., Hossain, M. B., & Mozumder, K. A. (2003). Women’s Status and domestic violence in Bangladesh: individual and community-level effects. Demography, 40, 269–288.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Kurz, D. (1997). Physical Assaults by male partners: A major social problem. In M. R. Walsh (Ed.), Women, men, & gender: Ongoing debates (pp. 222–246). New Haven: Yale University Press. Kurz, D. (1997). Physical Assaults by male partners: A major social problem. In M. R. Walsh (Ed.), Women, men, & gender: Ongoing debates (pp. 222–246). New Haven: Yale University Press.
go back to reference McCloskey, L. A., Williams, C., & Larsen, U. (2005). Gender inequality and intimate partner violence among women in Moshi, Tanzania. International Family Planning Perspectives, 31, 124–130.PubMedCrossRef McCloskey, L. A., Williams, C., & Larsen, U. (2005). Gender inequality and intimate partner violence among women in Moshi, Tanzania. International Family Planning Perspectives, 31, 124–130.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Mouton, C. P., Rodabough, R. J., Rovi, S. L. D., Brzyski, R. G., & Katerndahl, D. A. (2010). Psychosocial effects of physical and verbal abuse in postmenopausal women. Annual Family Medicine, 8, 206–213.CrossRef Mouton, C. P., Rodabough, R. J., Rovi, S. L. D., Brzyski, R. G., & Katerndahl, D. A. (2010). Psychosocial effects of physical and verbal abuse in postmenopausal women. Annual Family Medicine, 8, 206–213.CrossRef
go back to reference Ofei-Aboagye, R. O. (1994). Altering the strands of the fabric: a preliminary look at domestic violence in Ghana. Feminism and the Law, 19, 924–938. Ofei-Aboagye, R. O. (1994). Altering the strands of the fabric: a preliminary look at domestic violence in Ghana. Feminism and the Law, 19, 924–938.
go back to reference Oladepo, O., Yusuf, O. B., & Arulogun, O. S. (2011). Factors influencing gender based violence among men and women in selected states in Nigeria. African Journal of Reproductive Health, 15, 78–86.PubMed Oladepo, O., Yusuf, O. B., & Arulogun, O. S. (2011). Factors influencing gender based violence among men and women in selected states in Nigeria. African Journal of Reproductive Health, 15, 78–86.PubMed
go back to reference Oyeridan, K. A., & Isiugo-Abanihe, U. C. (2005). Perceptions of Nigerian women on domestic violence: evidence from 2003 Nigeria demographic and health survey. African Journal of Reproductive Health, 9, 38–53.CrossRef Oyeridan, K. A., & Isiugo-Abanihe, U. C. (2005). Perceptions of Nigerian women on domestic violence: evidence from 2003 Nigeria demographic and health survey. African Journal of Reproductive Health, 9, 38–53.CrossRef
go back to reference Panda, P., & Agarwal, B. (2005). Marital violence, human development and women’s property status in India. World Development, 33, 823–850.CrossRef Panda, P., & Agarwal, B. (2005). Marital violence, human development and women’s property status in India. World Development, 33, 823–850.CrossRef
go back to reference Pandey, G. K., Dutt, D., & Banerjee, B. (2009). Partner and relationship factors in domestic violence: perspectives of women from a slum in Calcutta, India. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 24, 1175–1191.PubMedCrossRef Pandey, G. K., Dutt, D., & Banerjee, B. (2009). Partner and relationship factors in domestic violence: perspectives of women from a slum in Calcutta, India. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 24, 1175–1191.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Pebley, A. R., Goldman, N., & Rodriguez, G. (1996). Prenatal and delivery care childhood immunization in Guatemala: Do family and community matter? Demography, 33, 231–247.PubMedCrossRef Pebley, A. R., Goldman, N., & Rodriguez, G. (1996). Prenatal and delivery care childhood immunization in Guatemala: Do family and community matter? Demography, 33, 231–247.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Pruitt, L. R. (2008). Place matters: domestic violence and rural difference. Wisconsin Journal of Law, Gender & Society, 23, 345–416. Pruitt, L. R. (2008). Place matters: domestic violence and rural difference. Wisconsin Journal of Law, Gender & Society, 23, 345–416.
go back to reference Raudenbush, S. W., & Bryk, A. S. (2002). Hierarchical linear models: Applications and data analysis methods. Newbury Park: Sage Publications. Raudenbush, S. W., & Bryk, A. S. (2002). Hierarchical linear models: Applications and data analysis methods. Newbury Park: Sage Publications.
go back to reference Soler, H., Vinayak, P., & Quadagno, D. (2000). Biosocial aspects of domestic violence. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 25, 721–739.PubMedCrossRef Soler, H., Vinayak, P., & Quadagno, D. (2000). Biosocial aspects of domestic violence. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 25, 721–739.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Solinas-Saunders, M. (2008). Male intimate partner abuse: Drawing upon three theoretical perspectives. (Unpublished doctoral thesis). University of Pittsburgh, School of Arts and Sciences. Solinas-Saunders, M. (2008). Male intimate partner abuse: Drawing upon three theoretical perspectives. (Unpublished doctoral thesis). University of Pittsburgh, School of Arts and Sciences.
go back to reference Streiner, D. L. (2002). Breaking up is hard to do: the heartbreak of dichotomizing continuous data. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 47, 262–266. Streiner, D. L. (2002). Breaking up is hard to do: the heartbreak of dichotomizing continuous data. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 47, 262–266.
go back to reference Tenkorang, E. Y., & Owusu, G. (2010). Correlates of HIV/AIDS testing in Ghana: some evidence from the demographic and health surveys. AIDS Care, 22, 296–307.PubMedCrossRef Tenkorang, E. Y., & Owusu, G. (2010). Correlates of HIV/AIDS testing in Ghana: some evidence from the demographic and health surveys. AIDS Care, 22, 296–307.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Toufique, M. M. K. & Razzaque, M. A. (2007). Domestic violence against women: Its determinants and implications for gender resource allocation. (Research paper No. 2007/80). United Nations University: World Institute for Development Economics Research, UNU-WIDER. Toufique, M. M. K. & Razzaque, M. A. (2007). Domestic violence against women: Its determinants and implications for gender resource allocation. (Research paper No. 2007/80). United Nations University: World Institute for Development Economics Research, UNU-WIDER.
go back to reference Williams, L. M. (2003). Understanding child abuse and violence against women: a life course perspective. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 18, 441–451.CrossRef Williams, L. M. (2003). Understanding child abuse and violence against women: a life course perspective. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 18, 441–451.CrossRef
go back to reference Wilt, S., & Olson, S. (1996). Prevalence of domestic violence in the United States. JAMWA, 51, 77–82.PubMed Wilt, S., & Olson, S. (1996). Prevalence of domestic violence in the United States. JAMWA, 51, 77–82.PubMed
go back to reference World Health Organization. (2001). Putting women first: Ethical and safety recommendations for research on domestic violence against women. Geneva: Department of Gender and Women’s Health, WHO. World Health Organization. (2001). Putting women first: Ethical and safety recommendations for research on domestic violence against women. Geneva: Department of Gender and Women’s Health, WHO.
Metadata
Title
Factors Influencing Domestic and Marital Violence against Women in Ghana
Authors
Eric Y. Tenkorang
Adobea Y. Owusu
Eric H. Yeboah
Richard Bannerman
Publication date
01-11-2013
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Journal of Family Violence / Issue 8/2013
Print ISSN: 0885-7482
Electronic ISSN: 1573-2851
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-013-9543-8

Other articles of this Issue 8/2013

Journal of Family Violence 8/2013 Go to the issue

RISK FACTORS FOR VICTIMS AND PERPETRATORS OF VIOLENCE

Validation of Spouse Violence Risk Assessment Inventory for Police Purposes