Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Journal of Family Violence 6/2008

01-08-2008 | Original article

Intimate Partner Violence, Psychological Distress, and Suicidality: A Path Model Using Data from African American Women Seeking Care in an Urban Emergency Department

Authors: Amy S. Leiner, Michael T. Compton, Debra Houry, Nadine J. Kaslow

Published in: Journal of Family Violence | Issue 6/2008

Login to get access

Abstract

Intimate partner violence (IPV) and suicidal behavior are major public health problems in the African American community. This study investigated whether or not IPV and suicidal ideation are correlated in urban African American women, and if the IPV–suicidal ideation link is explained by symptoms of depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). With 323 abused African American females, path analysis revealed that: (1) IPV → depressive symptoms → suicidal ideation, and (2) IPV → PTSD symptoms → depressive symptoms → suicidal ideation. When evaluating abused women, depressive and PTSD symptoms and suicidal thoughts must be assessed. Interventions for reducing suicidal behavior in abused, low income African American women should reduce symptoms of depression and PTSD.
Literature
go back to reference Abramson, L. Y., Alloy, L. B., Hogan, M. E., Whitehouse, W. G., Gibb, B. E., Hankin, B. L., et al. (2000). The hopelessness theory of suicidality. In T. Joiner, & M. D. Rudd (Eds.) Suicide science: Expanding the boundaries (pp. 17–32). Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Abramson, L. Y., Alloy, L. B., Hogan, M. E., Whitehouse, W. G., Gibb, B. E., Hankin, B. L., et al. (2000). The hopelessness theory of suicidality. In T. Joiner, & M. D. Rudd (Eds.) Suicide science: Expanding the boundaries (pp. 17–32). Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
go back to reference Abramson, L. Y., Metalsky, G. L., & Alloy, L. B. (1989). Hopelessness depression: A theory-based subtype of depression. Psychological Bulletin, 96, 358–372. Abramson, L. Y., Metalsky, G. L., & Alloy, L. B. (1989). Hopelessness depression: A theory-based subtype of depression. Psychological Bulletin, 96, 358–372.
go back to reference Abramson, L. Y., Seligman, M. E. P., & Teasdale, J. (1978). Learned helplessness in humans: Critique and reformulation. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 87, 49–74.PubMedCrossRef Abramson, L. Y., Seligman, M. E. P., & Teasdale, J. (1978). Learned helplessness in humans: Critique and reformulation. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 87, 49–74.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference American Psychiatric Association (2003). Practice guideline for the assessment and treatment of patients with suicidal behaviors. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160(Supplement), 1–60. American Psychiatric Association (2003). Practice guideline for the assessment and treatment of patients with suicidal behaviors. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160(Supplement), 1–60.
go back to reference American Psychiatric Association (2004). Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 161(Supplement 11), 1–31. American Psychiatric Association (2004). Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 161(Supplement 11), 1–31.
go back to reference Bailey, J. E., Kellermann, A. L., Somes, G. W., Banton, J. G., Rivara, F. P., & Rushforth, N. P. (1997). Risk factors for violent death of women in the home. Archives of Internal Medicine, 157, 777–782.PubMedCrossRef Bailey, J. E., Kellermann, A. L., Somes, G. W., Banton, J. G., Rivara, F. P., & Rushforth, N. P. (1997). Risk factors for violent death of women in the home. Archives of Internal Medicine, 157, 777–782.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173–1182.PubMedCrossRef Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173–1182.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Basile, K. C., Arias, I., Desai, S., & Thompson, M. P. (2004). The differential association of intimate partner physical, sexual, psychological, and stalking violence and posttraumatic stress symptoms in a nationally representative sample of women. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 17, 413–421.PubMedCrossRef Basile, K. C., Arias, I., Desai, S., & Thompson, M. P. (2004). The differential association of intimate partner physical, sexual, psychological, and stalking violence and posttraumatic stress symptoms in a nationally representative sample of women. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 17, 413–421.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Beck, A. T., Brown, G. K., & Steer, R. A. (1997). Psychometric characteristics of the Scale for Suicide Ideation with psychiatric outpatients. Behavior Research and Therapy, 35, 1039–1046.CrossRef Beck, A. T., Brown, G. K., & Steer, R. A. (1997). Psychometric characteristics of the Scale for Suicide Ideation with psychiatric outpatients. Behavior Research and Therapy, 35, 1039–1046.CrossRef
go back to reference Beck, A. T., Kovacs, M., & Weissman, A. (1979). Assessment of suicidal ideation: The Scale for Suicide Ideation. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 47, 343–352.PubMedCrossRef Beck, A. T., Kovacs, M., & Weissman, A. (1979). Assessment of suicidal ideation: The Scale for Suicide Ideation. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 47, 343–352.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Beck, A. T., & Steer, R. (1991). Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation manual. San Antonio: Harcourt Brace. Beck, A. T., & Steer, R. (1991). Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation manual. San Antonio: Harcourt Brace.
go back to reference Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Brown, G. K. (1996). Beck Depression Inventory manual (2nd ed.). San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation. Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Brown, G. K. (1996). Beck Depression Inventory manual (2nd ed.). San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
go back to reference Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Garbin, M. G. (1988a). Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory: Twenty-five years of evaluation. Clinical Psychology Review, 8, 77–100.CrossRef Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Garbin, M. G. (1988a). Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory: Twenty-five years of evaluation. Clinical Psychology Review, 8, 77–100.CrossRef
go back to reference Beck, A. T., Steer, R., & Ranieri, W. (1988b). Scale for Suicide Ideation: Psychometric properties of a self-report version. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 44, 499–505.PubMedCrossRef Beck, A. T., Steer, R., & Ranieri, W. (1988b). Scale for Suicide Ideation: Psychometric properties of a self-report version. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 44, 499–505.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Bradley, R. H., Greene, J., Russ, E., Dutra, L., & Westen, D. (2005). A multidimensional meta-analysis of psychotherapy for PTSD. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162, 214–227.PubMedCrossRef Bradley, R. H., Greene, J., Russ, E., Dutra, L., & Westen, D. (2005). A multidimensional meta-analysis of psychotherapy for PTSD. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162, 214–227.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Caetano, R., & Cunradi, C. (2003). Intimate partner violence and depression among Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics. Annals of Epidemiology, 13, 661–665.PubMedCrossRef Caetano, R., & Cunradi, C. (2003). Intimate partner violence and depression among Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics. Annals of Epidemiology, 13, 661–665.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Campbell, D. W., Sharps, P. W., Gary, F., Campbell, J. C., & Lopez, L. M. (2002). Intimate partner violence in African American women. Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 7. Campbell, D. W., Sharps, P. W., Gary, F., Campbell, J. C., & Lopez, L. M. (2002). Intimate partner violence in African American women. Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 7.
go back to reference Campbell, J. C., Kub, J. E., & Rose, L. (1996). Depression in battered women. Journal of the American Medical Women's Association, 51, 106–110.PubMed Campbell, J. C., Kub, J. E., & Rose, L. (1996). Depression in battered women. Journal of the American Medical Women's Association, 51, 106–110.PubMed
go back to reference Campbell, R., Sullivan, C., & Davidson, W. (1995). Women who use domestic violence shelters: Changes in depression over time. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 19, 237–255.CrossRef Campbell, R., Sullivan, C., & Davidson, W. (1995). Women who use domestic violence shelters: Changes in depression over time. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 19, 237–255.CrossRef
go back to reference Canetto, S. S., & Lester, D. (1995). Women and suicidal behavior. New York: Springer. Canetto, S. S., & Lester, D. (1995). Women and suicidal behavior. New York: Springer.
go back to reference Chance, S. E., Kaslow, N. J., Summerville, M. B., & Wood, K. (1998). Suicidal behavior in African American individuals: Current status and future directions. Cultural Diversity and Mental Health, 4, 19–37.PubMedCrossRef Chance, S. E., Kaslow, N. J., Summerville, M. B., & Wood, K. (1998). Suicidal behavior in African American individuals: Current status and future directions. Cultural Diversity and Mental Health, 4, 19–37.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Clements, C., & Sawhney, D. (2000). Coping with domestic violence: Control attributions, dysphoria, and hopelessness. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 13, 219–240.PubMedCrossRef Clements, C., & Sawhney, D. (2000). Coping with domestic violence: Control attributions, dysphoria, and hopelessness. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 13, 219–240.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Coker, A. L., Smith, P. H., Bethea, L., King, M. R., & McKeown, R. E. (2000a). Physical health consequences of physical and psychological intimate partner violence. Archives of Family Medicine, 9, 451–457.PubMedCrossRef Coker, A. L., Smith, P. H., Bethea, L., King, M. R., & McKeown, R. E. (2000a). Physical health consequences of physical and psychological intimate partner violence. Archives of Family Medicine, 9, 451–457.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Coker, A. L., Smith, P. H., McKeown, R. E., & King, M. J. (2000b). Frequency and correlates of intimate partner violence by type: Physical, sexual, and psychological battering. American Journal of Public Health, 90, 553–559.PubMedCrossRef Coker, A. L., Smith, P. H., McKeown, R. E., & King, M. J. (2000b). Frequency and correlates of intimate partner violence by type: Physical, sexual, and psychological battering. American Journal of Public Health, 90, 553–559.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Cook, S. L., Conrad, L., Bender, M., & Kaslow, N. J. (2003). The internal validity of the Index of Spouse Abuse in African American women. Violence and Victims, 18, 641–657.PubMedCrossRef Cook, S. L., Conrad, L., Bender, M., & Kaslow, N. J. (2003). The internal validity of the Index of Spouse Abuse in African American women. Violence and Victims, 18, 641–657.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Dozois, D. J. A., Dobson, K. S., & Ahnberg, J. L. (1998). A psychometric evaluation of the Beck Depression Inventory-II. Psychological Assessment, 10(2), 83–89.CrossRef Dozois, D. J. A., Dobson, K. S., & Ahnberg, J. L. (1998). A psychometric evaluation of the Beck Depression Inventory-II. Psychological Assessment, 10(2), 83–89.CrossRef
go back to reference Dutton, M. A., Green, B. L., Kaltman, S. I., Roesch, D. M., Zeffiro, T. A., & Krause, E. D. (2006). Intimate partner violence, PTSD, and adverse health outcomes. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 21, 955–968.PubMedCrossRef Dutton, M. A., Green, B. L., Kaltman, S. I., Roesch, D. M., Zeffiro, T. A., & Krause, E. D. (2006). Intimate partner violence, PTSD, and adverse health outcomes. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 21, 955–968.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Dutton, M. A., Mitchell, B., & Haywood, Y. (1996). The emergency department as a violence prevention Center. Journal of the American Medical Women's Association, 51, 92–96.PubMed Dutton, M. A., Mitchell, B., & Haywood, Y. (1996). The emergency department as a violence prevention Center. Journal of the American Medical Women's Association, 51, 92–96.PubMed
go back to reference Ehrensaft, M. K., Moffitt, T. E., & Caspi, A. (2006). Is domestic violence followed by an increased risk of psychiatric disorders among women but not among men? A longitudinal cohort study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 163, 885–892.PubMedCrossRef Ehrensaft, M. K., Moffitt, T. E., & Caspi, A. (2006). Is domestic violence followed by an increased risk of psychiatric disorders among women but not among men? A longitudinal cohort study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 163, 885–892.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Foa, E. B. (1995). Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale: Manual. Minnesota: NCS Pearson Inc. Foa, E. B. (1995). Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale: Manual. Minnesota: NCS Pearson Inc.
go back to reference Foa, E. B., Cashman, L., Jaycox, L. H., & Perry, K. (1997). The validation of a self-report measure of posttraumatic stress disorder: The Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale. Psychological Assessment, 9, 445–451.CrossRef Foa, E. B., Cashman, L., Jaycox, L. H., & Perry, K. (1997). The validation of a self-report measure of posttraumatic stress disorder: The Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale. Psychological Assessment, 9, 445–451.CrossRef
go back to reference Foa, E. B., Riggs, D. S., Dancu, C. V., & Rothbaum, B. O. (1993). Reliability and validity of a brief instrument assessing post-traumatic stress disorder. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 6, 459–473. Foa, E. B., Riggs, D. S., Dancu, C. V., & Rothbaum, B. O. (1993). Reliability and validity of a brief instrument assessing post-traumatic stress disorder. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 6, 459–473.
go back to reference Golding, J. M. (1999). Intimate partner violence as a risk factor for mental disorders: A meta-analysis. Journal of Family Violence, 14, 99–132.CrossRef Golding, J. M. (1999). Intimate partner violence as a risk factor for mental disorders: A meta-analysis. Journal of Family Violence, 14, 99–132.CrossRef
go back to reference Goldney, R. D., Wilson, D., Dal Grande, E., Fisher, L. J., & McFarlane, A. C. (2000). Suicidal ideation in a random community sample: Attributable risk due to depression and psychosocial and traumatic events. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 34, 98–106.PubMedCrossRef Goldney, R. D., Wilson, D., Dal Grande, E., Fisher, L. J., & McFarlane, A. C. (2000). Suicidal ideation in a random community sample: Attributable risk due to depression and psychosocial and traumatic events. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 34, 98–106.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Hampton, R., Oliver, W., & Magarian, L. (2003). Domestic violence in the African American community: An analysis of social and structural factors. Violence Against Women, 9, 533–557.CrossRef Hampton, R., Oliver, W., & Magarian, L. (2003). Domestic violence in the African American community: An analysis of social and structural factors. Violence Against Women, 9, 533–557.CrossRef
go back to reference Hampton, R. L., & Gelles, R. J. (1994). Violence toward Black women in a nationally representative sample of Black families. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 25, 105–119. Hampton, R. L., & Gelles, R. J. (1994). Violence toward Black women in a nationally representative sample of Black families. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 25, 105–119.
go back to reference Heron, R. L., Twomey, H. B., Jacobs, D. P., & Kaslow, N. J. (1997). Culturally competent interventions for abused and suicidal African American women. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 34, 410–424.CrossRef Heron, R. L., Twomey, H. B., Jacobs, D. P., & Kaslow, N. J. (1997). Culturally competent interventions for abused and suicidal African American women. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 34, 410–424.CrossRef
go back to reference Heron, S. L., Thompson, M. P., Jackson, E. B., & Kaslow, N. J. (2003). Do responses to an intimate partner violence screen predict scores on a comprehensive measure of intimate partner violence in low-income Black women? Annals of Emergency Medicine, 42, 483–491.PubMedCrossRef Heron, S. L., Thompson, M. P., Jackson, E. B., & Kaslow, N. J. (2003). Do responses to an intimate partner violence screen predict scores on a comprehensive measure of intimate partner violence in low-income Black women? Annals of Emergency Medicine, 42, 483–491.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Holmbeck, G. N. (1997). Toward terminological, conceptual, and statistical clarity in the study of mediators and moderators: Examples from the child-clinical and pediatric psychology literatures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65, 599–610.PubMedCrossRef Holmbeck, G. N. (1997). Toward terminological, conceptual, and statistical clarity in the study of mediators and moderators: Examples from the child-clinical and pediatric psychology literatures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65, 599–610.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Houry, D., Kaslow, N. J., & Thompson, M. P. (2005). Depressive symptoms in women experiencing intimate partner violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 20, 1467–1477.PubMedCrossRef Houry, D., Kaslow, N. J., & Thompson, M. P. (2005). Depressive symptoms in women experiencing intimate partner violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 20, 1467–1477.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Houry, D., Kemball, R., Rhodes, K. V., & Kaslow, N. J. (2006). Intimate partner violence and mental health symptoms in African American female ED patients. American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 24, 444–450.PubMedCrossRef Houry, D., Kemball, R., Rhodes, K. V., & Kaslow, N. J. (2006). Intimate partner violence and mental health symptoms in African American female ED patients. American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 24, 444–450.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Hudson, W. W., & McIntosh, S. R. (1981). The assessment of spouse abuse: Two quantifiable dimensions. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 43, 873–888.CrossRef Hudson, W. W., & McIntosh, S. R. (1981). The assessment of spouse abuse: Two quantifiable dimensions. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 43, 873–888.CrossRef
go back to reference Jones, L., Hughes, M., & Unterstaller, U. (2001). Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in victims of domestic violence: A review of the research. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 2, 99–119.CrossRef Jones, L., Hughes, M., & Unterstaller, U. (2001). Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in victims of domestic violence: A review of the research. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 2, 99–119.CrossRef
go back to reference Joreskog, K., & Sorbom, D. (2002). The student edition of LSREL 8.52 for windows. Lincolnwood, IL: Scientific Software International. Joreskog, K., & Sorbom, D. (2002). The student edition of LSREL 8.52 for windows. Lincolnwood, IL: Scientific Software International.
go back to reference Joseph, J. (1997). Women battering: A comparative analysis of Black and White women. In G. K. Kantor, & J. L. Jasinski (Eds.) Out of the darkness: Contemporary perspectives on family violence (pp. 161–169). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Joseph, J. (1997). Women battering: A comparative analysis of Black and White women. In G. K. Kantor, & J. L. Jasinski (Eds.) Out of the darkness: Contemporary perspectives on family violence (pp. 161–169). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
go back to reference Juon, H. S., & Ensminger, M. E. (1997). Childhood, adolescent, and young adult predictors of suicidal behaviors: A prospective study of African Americans. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 38, 553–563.PubMedCrossRef Juon, H. S., & Ensminger, M. E. (1997). Childhood, adolescent, and young adult predictors of suicidal behaviors: A prospective study of African Americans. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 38, 553–563.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Kaslow, N. J., Thompson, M., Meadows, L., Chance, S., Puett, R., Hollins, L., et al. (2000). Risk factors for suicide attempts among African American women. Depression and Anxiety, 12, 13–20.PubMedCrossRef Kaslow, N. J., Thompson, M., Meadows, L., Chance, S., Puett, R., Hollins, L., et al. (2000). Risk factors for suicide attempts among African American women. Depression and Anxiety, 12, 13–20.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Kaslow, N. J., Thompson, M., Meadows, L., Jacobs, D., Chance, S., Gibb, B., et al. (1998). Factors that mediate and moderate the link between partner abuse and suicidal behavior in African American women. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66, 533–540.PubMedCrossRef Kaslow, N. J., Thompson, M., Meadows, L., Jacobs, D., Chance, S., Gibb, B., et al. (1998). Factors that mediate and moderate the link between partner abuse and suicidal behavior in African American women. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66, 533–540.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Kaslow, N. J., Thompson, M. P., Okun, A., Price, A., Young, S., Bender, M., et al. (2002). Risk and protective factors for suicidal behavior in abused African American women. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70, 311–319.PubMedCrossRef Kaslow, N. J., Thompson, M. P., Okun, A., Price, A., Young, S., Bender, M., et al. (2002). Risk and protective factors for suicidal behavior in abused African American women. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70, 311–319.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Kessler, R. C., Molnar, B. E., Feurer, I. D., & Appelbaum, M. (2001). Patterns and mental health predictors of domestic violence in the United States: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 24, 487–508.PubMedCrossRef Kessler, R. C., Molnar, B. E., Feurer, I. D., & Appelbaum, M. (2001). Patterns and mental health predictors of domestic violence in the United States: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 24, 487–508.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford. Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford.
go back to reference Lipsky, S., Field, C. A., Caetano, R., & Larkin, G. L. (2005). Posttraumatic stress disorder symptomatology and comorbid depressive symptoms among abused women referred from emergency department care. Violence and Victims, 20, 645–658.PubMedCrossRef Lipsky, S., Field, C. A., Caetano, R., & Larkin, G. L. (2005). Posttraumatic stress disorder symptomatology and comorbid depressive symptoms among abused women referred from emergency department care. Violence and Victims, 20, 645–658.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Meadows, L., & Kaslow, N. J. (2002). Hopelessness as mediator of the link between reports of a history of child maltreatment and suicidality in African American women. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 26, 657–674.CrossRef Meadows, L., & Kaslow, N. J. (2002). Hopelessness as mediator of the link between reports of a history of child maltreatment and suicidality in African American women. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 26, 657–674.CrossRef
go back to reference Meadows, L. A., Kaslow, N. J., Thompson, M. P., & Jurkovic, G. J. (2005). Protective factors against suicide attempt risk among African American women experiencing intimate partner violence. American Journal of Community Psychology, 36, 109–121.PubMedCrossRef Meadows, L. A., Kaslow, N. J., Thompson, M. P., & Jurkovic, G. J. (2005). Protective factors against suicide attempt risk among African American women experiencing intimate partner violence. American Journal of Community Psychology, 36, 109–121.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. (1998). Suicide among Black youths, United States, 1980–1995 (No. 47(10)): U.S. Department of Heath and Human Services. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. (1998). Suicide among Black youths, United States, 1980–1995 (No. 47(10)): U.S. Department of Heath and Human Services.
go back to reference Moscicki, E. K., O’Carroll, P., Rae, D. S., Locke, B. Z., Roy, A., & Regier, D. A. (1988). Suicide attempts in the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study. The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine, 61, 259–268.PubMed Moscicki, E. K., O’Carroll, P., Rae, D. S., Locke, B. Z., Roy, A., & Regier, D. A. (1988). Suicide attempts in the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study. The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine, 61, 259–268.PubMed
go back to reference National Center for Health Statistics (1997). Vital statistics mortality data, underlying causes of death, 1979–1995. Hyattsville: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Center for Health Statistics (1997). Vital statistics mortality data, underlying causes of death, 1979–1995. Hyattsville: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
go back to reference Nixon, R. D., Resick, P. A., & Nishith, P. (2004). An exploration of comorbid depression among female victims of intimate partner violence with posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 82, 315–320.PubMedCrossRef Nixon, R. D., Resick, P. A., & Nishith, P. (2004). An exploration of comorbid depression among female victims of intimate partner violence with posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 82, 315–320.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference O'Campo, P. J., Kub, J., Woods, A. B., Garza, M., Jones, A. S., Gielen, A. C., et al. (2006). Depression, PTSD, and comorbidity related to intimate partner violence in civilian and military women. Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention, 6, 99–110.CrossRef O'Campo, P. J., Kub, J., Woods, A. B., Garza, M., Jones, A. S., Gielen, A. C., et al. (2006). Depression, PTSD, and comorbidity related to intimate partner violence in civilian and military women. Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention, 6, 99–110.CrossRef
go back to reference O'Donnell, L., O'Donnell, C., Wardlaw, D. M., & Stueve, A. (2004). Risk and resiliency factors influencing suicidality among urban African American and Latino youth. American Journal of Community Psychology, 33, 37–49.PubMedCrossRef O'Donnell, L., O'Donnell, C., Wardlaw, D. M., & Stueve, A. (2004). Risk and resiliency factors influencing suicidality among urban African American and Latino youth. American Journal of Community Psychology, 33, 37–49.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Office of Justice Programs (1998). Bureau of Justice statistics fact book: Violence by intimates - Analysis of data on crime by current or former spouses, boyfriends, and girlfriends (NCJ No. 167237). Washington D.C.: Department of Justice. Office of Justice Programs (1998). Bureau of Justice statistics fact book: Violence by intimates - Analysis of data on crime by current or former spouses, boyfriends, and girlfriends (NCJ No. 167237). Washington D.C.: Department of Justice.
go back to reference Pico-Alfonso, M. A. (2005). Psychological intimate partner violence: The major predictor of posttraumatic stress disorder in abused women. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 29, 181–193.PubMedCrossRef Pico-Alfonso, M. A. (2005). Psychological intimate partner violence: The major predictor of posttraumatic stress disorder in abused women. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 29, 181–193.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Pico-Alfonso, M. A., Garcia-Linares, M. I., Celda-Navarro, N., Blasco-Ros, C., Echeburua, E., & Martinez, M. (2006). The impact of physical, psychological, and sexual intimate male partner violence on women's mental health: Depressive symptoms, posttraumatic stress disorder, state anxiety, and suicide. Journal of Women's Health, 15, 599–611.PubMedCrossRef Pico-Alfonso, M. A., Garcia-Linares, M. I., Celda-Navarro, N., Blasco-Ros, C., Echeburua, E., & Martinez, M. (2006). The impact of physical, psychological, and sexual intimate male partner violence on women's mental health: Depressive symptoms, posttraumatic stress disorder, state anxiety, and suicide. Journal of Women's Health, 15, 599–611.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Poussaint, A. F., & Alexander, A. (2000). Lay my burden down: Unraveling suicide and the mental health crisis among African Americans. Boston: Beacon Press. Poussaint, A. F., & Alexander, A. (2000). Lay my burden down: Unraveling suicide and the mental health crisis among African Americans. Boston: Beacon Press.
go back to reference Rennison, C. M., & Welchans, S. (2000). Intimate partner violence (No. NCJ-178247). Washington D.C.: Department of Justice. Rennison, C. M., & Welchans, S. (2000). Intimate partner violence (No. NCJ-178247). Washington D.C.: Department of Justice.
go back to reference Rhodes, K. V., Drum, M., Anliker, E., Frankel, R. M., Howes, D. S., & Levinson, W. (2006). Lowering the threshold for discussions of domestic violence: A randomized controlled trial of computer screening. Archives of Internal Medicine, 166, 1107–1114.PubMedCrossRef Rhodes, K. V., Drum, M., Anliker, E., Frankel, R. M., Howes, D. S., & Levinson, W. (2006). Lowering the threshold for discussions of domestic violence: A randomized controlled trial of computer screening. Archives of Internal Medicine, 166, 1107–1114.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Rhodes, K. V., Lauderdale, D. S., He, T., & Howes, D. S. (2002). Between me and the computer: Increased detection of intimate partner violence using a computer questionnaire. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 40, 476–484.PubMedCrossRef Rhodes, K. V., Lauderdale, D. S., He, T., & Howes, D. S. (2002). Between me and the computer: Increased detection of intimate partner violence using a computer questionnaire. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 40, 476–484.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Rush, A. J. (2006). Guidelines for the treatment of major depression. In D. J. Stein, D. J. Kupfer, & A. F. Schatzberg (Eds.) American Psychiatric Publishing textbook of mood disorders (pp. 439–461). Washington D.C.: American Psychiatric Publishing. Rush, A. J. (2006). Guidelines for the treatment of major depression. In D. J. Stein, D. J. Kupfer, & A. F. Schatzberg (Eds.) American Psychiatric Publishing textbook of mood disorders (pp. 439–461). Washington D.C.: American Psychiatric Publishing.
go back to reference Seedat, S., Stein, M. B., & Forde, D. R. (2005). Association between physical partner violence, posttraumatic stress, childhood trauma, and suicide attempts in a community sample of women. Violence and Victims, 20, 87–98.PubMedCrossRef Seedat, S., Stein, M. B., & Forde, D. R. (2005). Association between physical partner violence, posttraumatic stress, childhood trauma, and suicide attempts in a community sample of women. Violence and Victims, 20, 87–98.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Simon, T. R., Anderson, M., Thompson, M. P., Crosby, A., & Sacks, J. J. (2002). Assault victimization and suicidal ideation or behavior within a national sample of U.S. adults. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 32, 42–50.PubMedCrossRef Simon, T. R., Anderson, M., Thompson, M. P., Crosby, A., & Sacks, J. J. (2002). Assault victimization and suicidal ideation or behavior within a national sample of U.S. adults. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 32, 42–50.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Smith, P. H., Earp, J. A., & DeVellis, R. (1995a). Measuring battering: Development of the Women's Experience with Battering (WEB) Scale. Women's Health, 1, 273–288.PubMed Smith, P. H., Earp, J. A., & DeVellis, R. (1995a). Measuring battering: Development of the Women's Experience with Battering (WEB) Scale. Women's Health, 1, 273–288.PubMed
go back to reference Smith, P. H., Tessaro, I., & Earp, J. A. (1995b). Women’s experiences with battering: A conceptualization from qualitative research. Women's Health Issues, 5, 173–182.PubMedCrossRef Smith, P. H., Tessaro, I., & Earp, J. A. (1995b). Women’s experiences with battering: A conceptualization from qualitative research. Women's Health Issues, 5, 173–182.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Sorenson, S. B., Upchurch, D. M., & Shen, H. (1996). Violence and injury in marital arguments: Risk patterns and gender differences. American Journal of Public Health, 86, 35–40.PubMed Sorenson, S. B., Upchurch, D. M., & Shen, H. (1996). Violence and injury in marital arguments: Risk patterns and gender differences. American Journal of Public Health, 86, 35–40.PubMed
go back to reference Stark, E., & Flitcraft, A. (1996). Women at risk: Domestic violence and women's health. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Stark, E., & Flitcraft, A. (1996). Women at risk: Domestic violence and women's health. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
go back to reference Stein, D. J., Kupfer, D. J., & Schatzberg, A. F. (2006). The American Psychiatric Publishing textbook of mood disorders. Washington D.C.: American Psychiatric Publishing. Stein, D. J., Kupfer, D. J., & Schatzberg, A. F. (2006). The American Psychiatric Publishing textbook of mood disorders. Washington D.C.: American Psychiatric Publishing.
go back to reference Stein, M. B., & Kennedy, C. (2001). Major depressive and post-traumatic stress disorder comorbidity in female victims of intimate partner violence. Journal of Affective Disorders, 66, 133–138.PubMedCrossRef Stein, M. B., & Kennedy, C. (2001). Major depressive and post-traumatic stress disorder comorbidity in female victims of intimate partner violence. Journal of Affective Disorders, 66, 133–138.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Sullivan, C. M. (2006). Interventions to address intimate partner violence: The current state of the field. In J. R. Lutzker (Ed.) Preventing violence: Research and evidence-based intervention strategies (pp. 195–212). Washington D.C.: American Psychological Association.CrossRef Sullivan, C. M. (2006). Interventions to address intimate partner violence: The current state of the field. In J. R. Lutzker (Ed.) Preventing violence: Research and evidence-based intervention strategies (pp. 195–212). Washington D.C.: American Psychological Association.CrossRef
go back to reference Thompson, M. P., Kaslow, N. J., Bradshaw, D., & Kingree, J. B. (2000). Childhood maltreatment, PTSD, and suicidal behavior among African American females. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 15, 3–15.CrossRef Thompson, M. P., Kaslow, N. J., Bradshaw, D., & Kingree, J. B. (2000). Childhood maltreatment, PTSD, and suicidal behavior among African American females. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 15, 3–15.CrossRef
go back to reference Thompson, M. P., Kaslow, N. J., & Kingree, J. B. (2002). Risk factors for suicide attempts among African American women experiencing recent intimate partner violence. Violence and Victims, 17, 283–295.PubMedCrossRef Thompson, M. P., Kaslow, N. J., & Kingree, J. B. (2002). Risk factors for suicide attempts among African American women experiencing recent intimate partner violence. Violence and Victims, 17, 283–295.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Thompson, M. P., Kaslow, N. J., Kingree, J. B., Puett, R., Thompson, N. J., & Meadows, L. (1999). Partner abuse and posttraumatic stress disorder as risk factors for suicide attempts in a sample of low-income, inner-city women. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 12, 59–72.PubMedCrossRef Thompson, M. P., Kaslow, N. J., Kingree, J. B., Puett, R., Thompson, N. J., & Meadows, L. (1999). Partner abuse and posttraumatic stress disorder as risk factors for suicide attempts in a sample of low-income, inner-city women. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 12, 59–72.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Walker, L. E. A. (2000). The battered woman syndrome (2nd edition). New York: Springer. Walker, L. E. A. (2000). The battered woman syndrome (2nd edition). New York: Springer.
go back to reference Wenzel, S. L., Tucker, J. S., Hambarsoomian, K., & Elliott, M. N. (2006). Toward a more comprehensive understanding of violence against impoverished women. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 21, 820–839.PubMedCrossRef Wenzel, S. L., Tucker, J. S., Hambarsoomian, K., & Elliott, M. N. (2006). Toward a more comprehensive understanding of violence against impoverished women. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 21, 820–839.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference West, C. M. (2002). Battered, black and blue: An overview of violence in the lives of Black women. Women & Therapy, 25, 5–27.CrossRef West, C. M. (2002). Battered, black and blue: An overview of violence in the lives of Black women. Women & Therapy, 25, 5–27.CrossRef
go back to reference West, C. M. (2004). Black women and intimate partner violence: New directions for research. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 19, 1487–1493.PubMedCrossRef West, C. M. (2004). Black women and intimate partner violence: New directions for research. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 19, 1487–1493.PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Intimate Partner Violence, Psychological Distress, and Suicidality: A Path Model Using Data from African American Women Seeking Care in an Urban Emergency Department
Authors
Amy S. Leiner
Michael T. Compton
Debra Houry
Nadine J. Kaslow
Publication date
01-08-2008
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Journal of Family Violence / Issue 6/2008
Print ISSN: 0885-7482
Electronic ISSN: 1573-2851
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-008-9174-7

Other articles of this Issue 6/2008

Journal of Family Violence 6/2008 Go to the issue