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01-06-2014

Perceived susceptibility to AIDS predicts subsequent HIV risk: a longitudinal evaluation of jail inmates

Authors: Leah M. Adams, Jeffrey B. Stuewig, June P. Tangney, Todd B. Kashdan

Published in: Journal of Behavioral Medicine | Issue 3/2014

Abstract

Theories of health behavior change suggest that perceived susceptibility to illness precedes health-protective behavior. We used a cross-lagged panel design to explore the relationship between perceived susceptibility to AIDS, and HIV risk behavior pre-incarceration and post-release in a sample of 499 jail inmates, a group at high risk for HIV. We also explored moderators of this relationship. HIV risk was calculated with a Bernoulli mathematical process model. Controlling for pre-incarceration HIV risk, perceived susceptibility to AIDS predicted less post-release HIV risk; the reverse relationship was not supported. Consistent with health behavior change theories, perceived susceptibility seemed to partially guide behavior. However, this relationship was not true for everyone. African-Americans and individuals high in borderline personality features exhibited no relationship between perceived susceptibility and changes in HIV risk. This suggests that targeted interventions are needed to use information about risk level to prevent HIV contraction.

To determine whether the loss of participants in Time 2 affected the models presented, we reanalyzed the cross-lagged model using only the participants (N = 223) with data at both time points. As in the full sample, Time 1 perceived susceptibility to AIDS predicted changes in HIV risk (β = −0.15, p = 0.03), while early HIV risk behavior did not predict changes in perceptions of susceptibility (β = 0.01, p = 0.93). Parameter estimates in this reduced sample model were similar in size to the full model (Fig. 2b). Fit indices continued to show better fit for the model including perceptions of susceptibility to changes in HIV risk (χ²(1) = 0.01, p = 0.93, RMSEA = 0.00, CFI = 1.00, SRMR = 0.001) than the alternative path (χ²(1) = 4.74, p = 0.03, RMSEA = 0.13, CFI = 0.94, SRMR = 0.04).

Moderators of the alternative model were also explored. None of the hypothesized moderators affecting the relationship between Time 1 HIV risk and changes in perceived susceptibility were significant. Additionally, all of these models exhibited poor model fit.

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Title: Perceived susceptibility to AIDS predicts subsequent HIV risk: a longitudinal evaluation of jail inmates
Authors: Leah M. Adams
Jeffrey B. Stuewig
June P. Tangney
Todd B. Kashdan
Publication date: 01-06-2014
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: Journal of Behavioral Medicine / Issue 3/2014
Print ISSN: 0160-7715
Electronic ISSN: 1573-3521
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-013-9507-8

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Perceived susceptibility to AIDS predicts subsequent HIV risk: a longitudinal evaluation of jail inmates

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