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International Ophthalmology

Published in:

01-04-2020 | Review

Thyroid eye disease: current and potential medical management

Authors: Jessica M. Pouso-Diz, Jose M. Abalo-Lojo, Francisco Gonzalez

Published in: International Ophthalmology | Issue 4/2020

Abstract

Introduction

Thyroid eye disease (TED) is the most frequent extra-thyroid manifestation of Graves’ disease and it is more frequent in middle age and in female gender. Nowadays, the causal mechanisms of this disease are not completely understood, but the current available studies suggest that the main causative factor is the thyroid stimulating hormone receptor.

Materials and methods

To collect reports on TED medical management, a thorough literature search was performed in PubMed database. An additional search was made in Google Scholar to complete the collected items.

Results

Among the indentified risk factors, tobacco habit is the most relevant. The main criteria to choose a suitable treatment are the activity and severity of the disease. Support measures can be used to improve the patient’s symptoms in any phase of the disease. There is a large number of drugs proposed to manage TED, although with different reported rates of success.

Conclusions

Currently, the drugs of choice are corticosteroids in moderate-to-severe and in sight-threatening forms. The main problem of corticosteroids is their spectrum of side effects. Therefore, other alternatives are being suggested for medical management of this disease. The efficacy of these alternatives remains unclear.

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Title: Thyroid eye disease: current and potential medical management
Authors: Jessica M. Pouso-Diz
Jose M. Abalo-Lojo
Francisco Gonzalez
Publication date: 01-04-2020
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Published in: International Ophthalmology / Issue 4/2020
Print ISSN: 0165-5701
Electronic ISSN: 1573-2630
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-019-01258-7

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Thyroid eye disease: current and potential medical management

Abstract

Introduction

Materials and methods

Results

Conclusions

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Introduction

Materials and methods

Results

Conclusions

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