Top

Published in:

01-12-2014 | Original Paper

The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in pterygium tissue of atopic patients

Authors: Hamid Gharaee, Mohammad Reza Shayegan, Mohammad Reza Khakzad, Sina Kianoush, A-Reza Varasteh, Mojtaba Sankian, Mojtaba Meshkat

Published in: International Ophthalmology | Issue 6/2014

Abstract

The exact pathogenesis of pterygium has not been completely elucidated. Growth factors have been considered to play a role in pterygium formation. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the principal mediators of angiogenesis, fibroblast stimulation and tissue remodeling in allergic conditions. The aim of this study was to compare the association between pterygium and VEGF gene expression between atopic and non-atopic individuals. At first visit, all patients with pterygium underwent blood tests, serum immunoglobulin E (IgE), serum cytokines including interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and peripheral blood eosinophil count. After obtaining informed consents, questionnaires were used to obtain demographic and clinical data from patients who underwent pterygium excision surgery. Skin prick test was performed to confirm or rule out atopy in 30 patients with (case group) and 30 patients without (control group) atopy. Pterygium tissues were then removed by surgery. A semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine VEGF gene expression in all patients. Our results illustrated that VEGF mRNA expression in atopic patients was significantly higher than in the non-atopic group (P = 0.01). Eosinophil count, serum IgE and IL-4 were also significantly higher in atopic patients than in the non-atopic group (P = 0.03, 0.001 and 0.001, respectively). However, no significant difference was noted in serum IFN-γ between the two groups (P = 0.06). The excessive expression of VEGF gene in pterygium tissue of patients with atopy suggests that growth factors may play a role in the pathogenesis of pterygium or accelerate its formation.

Threlfall TJ, English DR (1999) Sun exposure and pterygium of the eye: a dose-response curve. Am J Ophthalmol 128(3):280–287PubMedCrossRef

Pang Y, Rose T (2006) Rapid growth of pterygium after photorefractive keratectomy. Optometry 77(10):499–502PubMedCrossRef

Abelson MB, Turner D (2003) A randomized, double-blind, parallel-group comparison of olopatadine 0.1 % ophthalmic solution versus placebo for controlling the signs and symptoms of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis and rhinoconjunctivitis. Clin Ther 25(3):931–947PubMedCrossRef

Pinkerton OD, Hokama Y, Shigemura LA (1984) Immunologic basis for the pathogenesis of pterygium. Am J Ophthalmol 98(2):225–228PubMedCrossRef

Isaji M, Kikuchi S, Miyata H, Ajisawa Y, Araki-Inazawa K, Tsukamoto Y, Amano Y (2000) Inhibitory effects of tranilast on the proliferation and functions of human pterygium-derived fibroblasts. Cornea 19(3):364–368PubMedCrossRef

Di Girolamo N, Wakefield D, Coroneo MT (2006) UVB-mediated induction of cytokines and growth factors in pterygium epithelial cells involves cell surface receptors and intracellular signaling. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 47(6):2430–2437PubMedCrossRef

Yano K, Kajiya K, Ishiwata M, Hong YK, Miyakawa T, Detmar M (2004) Ultraviolet B-induced skin angiogenesis is associated with a switch in the balance of vascular endothelial growth factor and thrombospondin-1 expression. J Invest Dermatol 122(1):201–208PubMedCrossRef

Trompezinski S, Pernet I, Mayoux C, Schmitt D, Viac J (2000) Transforming growth factor-beta1 and ultraviolet A1 radiation increase production of vascular endothelial growth factor but not endothelin-1 in human dermal fibroblasts. Br J Dermatol 143(3):539–545PubMedCrossRef

Park HK, Park HW, Jeon SG, Shin ES, Gho YS, Cho SH, Kim YY, Kim YK (2008) Distinct association of genetic variations of vascular endothelial growth factor, transforming growth factor-beta, and fibroblast growth factor receptors with atopy and airway hyperresponsiveness. Allergy 63(4):447–453PubMedCrossRef

10.

Kanazawa H (2007) Microvascular theory of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in asthma: potential implication of vascular endothelial growth factor. Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets 6(2):133–137PubMedCrossRef

11.

Chetta A, Zanini A, Foresi A, D’Ippolito R, Tipa A, Castagnaro A, Baraldo S, Neri M, Saetta M, Olivieri D (2005) Vascular endothelial growth factor up-regulation and bronchial wall remodelling in asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 35(11):1437–1442PubMedCrossRef

12.

Lee CG, Link H, Baluk P, Homer RJ, Chapoval S, Bhandari V, Kang MJ, Cohn L, Kim YK, McDonald DM, Elias JA (2004) Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induces remodeling and enhances TH2-mediated sensitization and inflammation in the lung. Nat Med 10(10):1095–1103PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

13.

Sauma D, Espejo P, Ramirez A, Fierro A, Rosemblatt M, Bono MR (2011) Differential regulation of Notch ligands in dendritic cells upon interaction with T helper cells. Scand J Immunol 74(1):62–70PubMedCrossRef

14.

Garssen J, Vandebriel RJ, De Gruijl FR, Wolvers DA, Van Dijk M, Fluitman A, Van Loveren H (1999) UVB exposure-induced systemic modulation of Th1- and Th2-mediated immune responses. Immunology 97(3):506–514PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

15.

Huang H, Lavoie-Lamoureux A, Moran K, Lavoie JP (2007) IL-4 stimulates the expression of CXCL-8, E-selectin, VEGF, and inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA by equine pulmonary artery endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 292(5):L1147–L1154PubMedCrossRef

16.

Detorakis ET, Drakonaki EE, Spandidos DA (2000) Molecular genetic alterations and viral presence in ophthalmic pterygium. Int J Mol Med 6(1):35–41PubMed

17.

Siak JJ, Ng SL, Seet LF, Beuerman RW, Tong L (2011) The nuclear-factor kappaB pathway is activated in pterygium. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 52(1):230–236PubMedCrossRef

18.

Chan CM, Liu YP, Tan DT (2002) Ocular surface changes in pterygium. Cornea 21(1):38–42PubMedCrossRef

19.

Byrne AM, Bouchier-Hayes DJ, Harmey JH (2005) Angiogenic and cell survival functions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). J Cell Mol Med 9(4):777–794PubMedCrossRef

20.

Royds JA, Dower SK, Qwarnstrom EE, Lewis CE (1998) Response of tumour cells to hypoxia: role of p53 and NFkB. Mol Pathol 51(2):55–61PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

21.

Grosskreutz CL, Anand-Apte B, Duplaa C, Quinn TP, Terman BI, Zetter B, D’Amore PA (1999) Vascular endothelial growth factor-induced migration of vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro. Microvasc Res 58(2):128–136PubMedCrossRef

22.

Price DJ, Miralem T, Jiang S, Steinberg R, Avraham H (2001) Role of vascular endothelial growth factor in the stimulation of cellular invasion and signaling of breast cancer cells. Cell Growth Differ 12(3):129–135PubMed

23.

van Setten G, Aspiotis M, Blalock TD, Grotendorst G, Schultz G (2003) Connective tissue growth factor in pterygium: simultaneous presence with vascular endothelial growth factor—possible contributing factor to conjunctival scarring. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 241(2):135–139PubMedCrossRef

24.

Suzuma K, Naruse K, Suzuma I, Takahara N, Ueki K, Aiello LP, King GL (2000) Vascular endothelial growth factor induces expression of connective tissue growth factor via KDR, Flt1, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt-dependent pathways in retinal vascular cells. J Biol Chem 275(52):40725–40731PubMedCrossRef

25.

Hoeben A, Landuyt B, Highley MS, Wildiers H, Van Oosterom AT, De Bruijn EA (2004) Vascular endothelial growth factor and angiogenesis. Pharmacol Rev 56(4):549–580PubMedCrossRef

26.

Dvorak HF, Detmar M, Claffey KP, Nagy JA, van de Water L, Senger DR (1995) Vascular permeability factor/vascular endothelial growth factor: an important mediator of angiogenesis in malignancy and inflammation. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 107(1–3):233–235PubMedCrossRef

27.

Takahashi T, Ueno H, Shibuya M (1999) VEGF activates protein kinase C-dependent, but Ras-independent Raf-MEK-MAP kinase pathway for DNA synthesis in primary endothelial cells. Oncogene 18(13):2221–2230PubMedCrossRef

28.

Sarnicola V, Vannozzi L, Motolese PA (2010) Recurrence rate using fibrin glue-assisted ipsilateral conjunctival autograft in pterygium surgery: 2-year follow-up. Cornea 29(11):1211–1214PubMedCrossRef

29.

Detorakis ET, Spandidos DA (2009) Pathogenetic mechanisms and treatment options for ophthalmic pterygium: trends and perspectives (Review). Int J Mol Med 23(4):439–447PubMedCrossRef

30.

Razeghinejad MR, Hosseini H, Ahmadi F, Rahat F, Eghbal H (2010) Preliminary results of subconjunctival bevacizumab in primary pterygium excision. Ophthalmic Res 43(3):134–138PubMedCrossRef

31.

Shenasi A, Mousavi F, Shoa-Ahari S, Rahimi-Ardabili B, Fouladi RF (2011) Subconjunctival bevacizumab immediately after excision of primary pterygium: the first clinical trial. Cornea 30(11):1219–1222PubMed

Title: The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in pterygium tissue of atopic patients
Authors: Hamid Gharaee
Mohammad Reza Shayegan
Mohammad Reza Khakzad
Sina Kianoush
A-Reza Varasteh
Mojtaba Sankian
Mojtaba Meshkat
Publication date: 01-12-2014
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Published in: International Ophthalmology / Issue 6/2014
Print ISSN: 0165-5701
Electronic ISSN: 1573-2630
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-013-9876-6

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in pterygium tissue of atopic patients

Abstract

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 6/2014

Apophysomyces elegans: a novel cause of endogenous endophthalmitis in an immunocompetent individual

Acute hydrops with secondary bacterial keratitis: sequelae of paediatric refractive surgery

Anterior and posterior corneal curvature: normal values in healthy Iranian population obtained with the Orbscan II

Lacrimal disorders and surgery: historical perspectives

Do air pressure and wind speed influence the outcome of myopic laser refractive surgery? Results from the Hamburg Weather Study

Erratum to: The influence of anti-VEGF therapy on present day management of macular edema due to BRVO and CRVO: a longitudinal analysis on visual function, injection time interval and complications