Top

Published in:

19-05-2023 | Wound Management | Review

Role of medicinal herbs and phytochemicals in post burn management

Authors: Rida Siddique, Malik Hassan Mehmood, Liaqat Hussain, Abdul Malik, Ayesha Sethi, Maryam Farrukh, Shaneel Kousar

Published in: Inflammopharmacology | Issue 4/2023

Abstract

Burn management is a natural and distinctly programmed process involving overlapping phases of hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation and remodeling. Burn wound healing involves initiation of inflammation, re-epithelialization, granulation, neovascularization and wound contraction. Despite the availability of multiple preparations for management of burn wound, there is dire need for efficacious alternative agents. Current approaches for burn wound management include pharmaceutical agents and antibiotics. However, high cost of synthetic drugs and accelerated resistance to antibiotics is challenging for both developed and developing nations. Among alternative options, medicinal plants have been a biocompatible, safe and affordable source of preventive/curative approaches. Due to cultural acceptance and patient compliance, there has been a focus on the use of botanical drugs and phytochemicals for burn wound healing. Keeping in consideration of medicinal herbs and phytochemicals as suitable therapeutic/adjuvant agents for burn wound management, this review highlights therapeutic potential of 35 medicinal herbs and 10 phytochemicals. Among these, Elaeis guineensis, Ephedra ciliate and Terminalia avicennioides showed better burn wound healing potential with varied mechanisms such as modulation of TNF-alpha, inflammatory cytokines, nitric oxide, eicosanoids, ROS and leukocyte response. Phytochemicals (oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, kirenol) also showed promising role in burn wound management though various pathways involving such as down regulation of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and inflammatory mediators including plasma proteases and arachidonic acid metabolites. This review provides a pavement for therapeutic/adjuvant use of potential botanical drugs and novel druggable phyto-compounds to target skin burn injury with diverse mechanisms, affordability and safety profile.

Graphical abstract

Abdul-Hameed ZH, Alarif WM, Omer A, el Omri A, Ayyad S-EN, Badria FA, Neamatallah T, Bawakid NO (2019) Selective anti-proliferative activity of indole alkaloids from Rhazya stricta decne leaves. Lett Org Chem 16:941–947

Abdul-Nasir-deen A-Y, Boakye YD, Osafo N, Agyare C, Boamah D, Boamah VE, Agyei EK (2020) Anti-inflammatory and wound healing properties of methanol leaf extract of Physalis angulata L. S Afr J Bot 133:124–131

Abou-Shoer MI, Fathy HM, Omar AA (2011) Extract-template modeling and pattern recognition in the assessment of (Cymbopogon proximus). Am J Anal Chem 2:500

Adewumi SS, Akinpelu BA, Akinpelu DA, Aiyegoro OA, Alayande KA, Agunbiade MO (2020) Studies on wound healing potentials of the leaf extract of terminalia avicennioides (Guill. & parr.) on wistar rats. S Afr J Bot 133:285–297

Afshar M, Hassanzadeh-Taheri M, Zardast M, Honarmand M (2020) Efficacy of topical application of coumarin on incisional wound healing in BALB/c mice. Iran J Dermatol 23:56–63

Akinyemi O, Oyewole S, Jimoh K (2018) Medicinal plants and sustainable human health: a review. Horticult Int J 2:194–195

Ali MY, Park S, Chang M (2021) Phytochemistry, ethnopharmacological uses, biological activities, and therapeutic applications of Cassia obtusifolia L.: a comprehensive review. Molecules 26:6252PubMedPubMedCentral

Al-Snafi AE (2019) Medical benefit of Malva neglecta—a review. IOSR J Pharm 9:60–67

Al-Snafi AE (2020) The traditional uses, constituents and pharmacological effects of Ononis spinosa. IOSR J Pharm 10:53–59

Amiri MS, Yazdi MET, Rahnama M (2021) Medicinal plants and phytotherapy in Iran: Glorious history, current status and future prospects. Plant Sci Today 8:95–111

Anima P, Arun M, Satish S (2019) Scientific validation of wound healing potential of Jasminum sambac Ait. S Afr J Bot 121:584–589

Anitha VT, Marimuthu J, Jeeva S (2012) Anti–bacterial studies on Hemigraphis colorata (Blume) HG Hallier and Elephantopus scaber L. Asian Pac J Trop Med 5:52–57PubMed

Aslam MS, Ahmad MS, Riaz H, Raza SA, Hussain S, Qureshi OS, Maria P, Hamzah Z, Javed O (2018) Role of flavonoids as wound healing agent. Phytochemicals-source of antioxidants and role in disease prevention. IntechOpen

Avola R, Granata G, Geraci C, Napoli E, Graziano ACE, Cardile V (2020) Oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) essential oil provides anti-inflammatory activity and facilitates wound healing in a human keratinocytes cell model. Food Chem Toxicol 144:111586PubMed

Bacakova L, Zikmundova M, Pajorova J, Broz A, Filova E, Blanquer A, Matejka R, Stepanovska J, Mikes P, Jencova V (2019) Nanofibrous scaffolds for skin tissue engineering and wound healing based on synthetic polymers. Appl Nanobiotechnol 1. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88744

Baidoo MF, Mensah AY, Ossei PPS, Asante-Kwatia E, Amponsah IK (2021) Wound healing, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of the leaf and stem bark of Entada africana Guill. & Perr. S Afr J Bot 137:52–59

Beckmann N, Pugh AM, Caldwell CC (2018) Burn injury alters the intestinal microbiome’s taxonomic composition and functional gene expression. PLoS ONE 13:e0205307PubMedPubMedCentral

Beserra FP, Vieira AJ, Gushiken LFS, De Souza EO, Hussni MF, Hussni CA, Nóbrega RH, Martinez ERM, Jackson CJ, De Azevedo Maia GL (2019) Lupeol, a dietary triterpene, enhances wound healing in streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic rats with modulatory effects on inflammation, oxidative stress, and angiogenesis. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2019:3182627

Beserra FP, Vieira AJ, Gushiken LFS, De Souza EO, Hussni MF, Hussni CA, Takahira RK, Nóbrega RH, Martinez ERM, Jackson CJ (2020) Corrigendum to “Lupeol, a dietary triterpene, enhances wound healing in streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic rats with modulatory effects on inflammation, oxidative stress, and angiogenesis”. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2020:3252696PubMedPubMedCentral

Boateng J, Catanzano O (2015) Advanced therapeutic dressings for effective wound healing—a review. J Pharm Sci 104:3653–3680PubMed

Bolla SR, Al-Subaie AM, Al-Jindan RY, Balakrishna JP, Ravi PK, Veeraraghavan VP, Pillai AA, Gollapalli SSR, Joseph JP, Surapaneni KM (2019) In vitro wound healing potency of methanolic leaf extract of Aristolochia saccata is possibly mediated by its stimulatory effect on collagen-1 expression. Heliyon 5:e01648PubMedPubMedCentral

Boudjelal A, Smeriglio A, Ginestra G, Denaro M, Trombetta D (2020) Phytochemical profile, safety assessment and wound healing activity of Artemisia absinthium L. Plants 9:1744PubMedPubMedCentral

Brooks NC, Marshall AH, Qa’aty N, Hiyama Y, Boehning D, Jeschke MG (2013) XBP-1s is linked to suppressed gluconeogenesis in the Ebb phase of burn injury. Mol Med 19:72–78PubMedPubMedCentral

Bulus T, Atawodi S, Mamman M (2011) Acute toxicity effect of the aqueous extract of Terminalia avicennioides on white albino rats. Sci World J 6:1–4

Byun E-B, Song H-Y, Kim WS (2020) Polysaccharides from Annona muricata leaves protect normal human epidermal keratinocytes and mice skin from radiation-induced injuries. Radiat Phys Chem 170:108672

Che Zain MS, Lee SY, Sarian MN, Fakurazi S, Shaari K (2020) In vitro wound healing potential of flavonoid c-glycosides from oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) leaves on 3t3 fibroblast cells. Antioxidants 9:326PubMedPubMedCentral

Chiarini A, Freddi G, Liu D, Armato U, dal Prà I (2016) Biocompatible silk noil-based three-dimensional carded-needled nonwoven scaffolds guide the engineering of novel skin connective tissue. Tissue Eng Part A 22:1047–1060PubMed

Chitrattha S, Phaechamud T (2016) Oxygen transmission of modified natural rubber, poly (lactic acid) and chitosan porous structures for wound dressing. Asian J Pharmaceutical Sci 11:168–169

Christodoulakis NS, Mamoucha S, Termentzi A, Fokialakis N (2015) Leaf structure and histochemistry of the hardy evergreen Euphorbia characias L. (Mediterranean spurge). Flora-Morphol Distribution Funct Ecol Plants 210:13–18

Chua AWC, Khoo YC, Tan BK, Tan KC, Foo CL, Chong SJ (2016) Skin tissue engineering advances in severe burns: review and therapeutic applications. Burns Trauma 4:3PubMedPubMedCentral

Cleetus CM, Primo FA, Fregoso G, Raveendran NL, Noveron JC, Spencer CT, Ramana CV, Joddar B (2020) Alginate hydrogels with embedded ZnO nanoparticles for wound healing therapy. Int J Nanomed 15:5097

Colohan SM (2010) Predicting prognosis in thermal burns with associated inhalational injury: a systematic review of prognostic factors in adult burn victims. J Burn Care Res 31:529–539PubMed

Cox-Georgian D, Ramadoss N, Dona C, Basu C (2019) Therapeutic and medicinal uses of terpenes. Medicinal plants. Springer.

Dalar A, Türker M, Konczak I (2012) Antioxidant capacity and phenolic constituents of Malva neglecta Wallr. and Plantago lanceolata L. from Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. J Herbal Med 2:42–51

Dayal R, Singh A, Ojha RP, Mishra K (2015) Possible therapeutic potential of Helicteres isora (L.) and it’s mechanism of action in diseases. J Med Plant Stud 3:95–100

Dehkordi AN, Babaheydari FM, Chehelgerdi M, Dehkordi SR (2019) Skin tissue engineering: wound healing based on stem-cell-based therapeutic strategies. Stem Cell Res Ther 10:1–20

Diamant M, Blaak E, de Vos W (2011) Do nutrient–gut–microbiota interactions play a role in human obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes? Obes Rev 12:272–281PubMed

dos Santos VLP, Ribas JLC, de Lima CP, Campos R, Garcia AC, Budel JM, Messias-Reason IJ (2020) The wound healing effect of aqueous extract from Piper amalago L. in diabetic patient. Explore 16:368–371PubMed

Durán N, Durán M, de Jesus MB, Seabra AB, Fávaro WJ, Nakazato G (2016) Silver nanoparticles: a new view on mechanistic aspects on antimicrobial activity. Nanomed Nanotechnol Biol Med 12:789–799

Earley ZM, Akhtar S, Green SJ, Naqib A, Khan O, Cannon AR, Hammer AM, Morris NL, Li X, Eberhardt JM (2015) Burn injury alters the intestinal microbiome and increases gut permeability and bacterial translocation. PLoS ONE 10:e0129996PubMedPubMedCentral

Elnahas RA, Elwakil BH, Elshewemi SS, Olama ZA (2021) Egyptian Olea europaea leaves bioactive extract: antibacterial and wound healing activity in normal and diabetic rats. J Tradit Complement Med 11(5):427–434PubMedPubMedCentral

Esmaeili A, Parsaei P, Nazer M, Bakhtiari R, Mirbehresi H, Safian Boldaji H (2021) Phytotherapy in burn wound healing: a review of native Iranian medicinal plants. J Chem Health Risks 17–29

Farahpour MR, Pirkhezr E, Ashrafian A, Sonboli A (2020) Accelerated healing by topical administration of Salvia officinalis essential oil on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus infected wound model. Biomed Pharmacother 128:110120PubMed

Finnerty CC, Jeschke MG, Qian W-J, Kaushal A, Xiao W, Liu T, Gritsenko MA, Moore RJ, Camp DG (2013) Determination of burn patient outcome by large-scale quantitative discovery proteomics. Crit Care Med 41:1421PubMedPubMedCentral

Fraga CG, Croft KD, Kennedy DO, Tomás-Barberán FA (2019) The effects of polyphenols and other bioactives on human health. Food Funct 10:514–528PubMed

Frieri M, Kumar K, Boutin A (2016) Wounds, burns, trauma, and injury. Wound Med 13:12–17

Genc Y, Harput US, Saracoglu I (2019) Active compounds isolated from Plantago subulata L. via wound healing and antiinflammatory activity guided studies. J Ethnopharmacol 241:112030PubMed

Ghavaminejad A, Rajan Unnithan A, Ramachandra Kurup Sasikala A, Samarikhalaj M, Thomas RG, Jeong YY, Nasseri S, Murugesan P, Wu D, Hee Park C (2015) Mussel-inspired electrospun nanofibers functionalized with size-controlled silver nanoparticles for wound dressing application. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 7:12176–12183PubMed

Ghorbani A, Esmaeilizadeh M (2017) Pharmacological properties of Salvia officinalis and its components. J Tradit Complement Med 7:433–440PubMedPubMedCentral

Ghuman S, Ncube B, Finnie J, McGaw L, Njoya EM, Coopoosamy R, van Staden J (2019) Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and wound healing properties of medicinal plant extracts used to treat wounds and dermatological disorders. S Afr J Bot 126:232–240

Gore DC, Chinkes DL, Hart DW, Wolf SE, Herndon DN, Sanford AP (2002) Hyperglycemia exacerbates muscle protein catabolism in burn-injured patients. Crit Care Med 30:2438–2442PubMed

Gosain A, Gamelli RL (2005) Role of the gastrointestinal tract in burn sepsis. J Burn Care Rehabil 26:85–91PubMed

Greenhalgh DG (2019) Management of burns. N Engl J Med 380:2349–2359PubMed

Grice EA, Segre JA (2011) The skin microbiome. Nat Rev Microbiol 9:244–253PubMedPubMedCentral

Grigorian A, Nahmias J, Schubl S, Gabriel V, Bernal N, Joe V (2018) Rising mortality in patients with combined burn and trauma. Burns 44:1989–1996PubMed

Guillory AN, Clayton RP, Herndon DN, Finnerty CC (2016) Cardiovascular dysfunction following burn injury: what we have learned from rat and mouse models. Int J Mol Sci 17:53PubMedPubMedCentral

Hampson P, Dinsdale RJ, Wearn CM, Bamford AL, Bishop JR, Hazeldine J, Moiemen NS, Harrison P, Lord JM (2017) Neutrophil dysfunction, immature granulocytes, and cell-free DNA are early biomarkers of sepsis in burn-injured patients: a prospective observational cohort study. Ann Surg 265:1241–1249PubMed

Hanafiah OA, Abidin T, Ilyas S, Nainggolan M, Syamsudin E (2019) Wound healing activity of binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) leaves extract towards NIH-3T3 fibroblast cells. J Int Dent Med Res 12:854–858

Hilou A, Nacoulma O, Guiguemde T (2006) In vivo antimalarial activities of extracts from Amaranthus spinosus L. and Boerhaavia erecta L. in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 103:236–240PubMed

Holtman JR, Jellish WS (2012) Opioid-induced hyperalgesia and burn pain. J Burn Care Res 33:692–701PubMed

Ibrahim N, Kebede A (2020) In vitro antibacterial activities of methanol and aqueous leave extracts of selected medicinal plants against human pathogenic bacteria. Saudi J Biol Sci 27:2261–2268PubMedPubMedCentral

Islam F, Hossain A, Hossain MG, Murshid GMM, Rahman MM (2015) Evaluation of antioxidant, analgesic and cytotoxic activities of Typha angustata L. root. Dhaka Univ J Pharm Sci 14:55–59

James GA, Swogger E, Wolcott R, Pulcini ED, Secor P, Sestrich J, Costerton JW, Stewart PS (2008) Biofilms in chronic wounds. Wound Repair Regenerat 16:37–44

Jeschke MG (2016) Postburn hypermetabolism: past, present, and future. J Burn Care Res 37:86–96PubMed

Jeschke MG, Gauglitz GG, Kulp GA, Finnerty CC, Williams FN, Kraft R, Suman OE, Mlcak RP, Herndon DN (2011) Long-term persistance of the pathophysiologic response to severe burn injury. PLoS ONE 6:e21245PubMedPubMedCentral

Jeschke MG (2021) Pathophysiology of burn injury. Burn care and treatment. Springer

Jia Z, Xiu P, Li M, Xu X, Shi Y, Cheng Y, Wei S, Zheng Y, Xi T, Cai H (2016) Bioinspired anchoring AgNPs onto micro-nanoporous TiO₂ orthopedic coatings: trap-killing of bacteria, surface-regulated osteoblast functions and host responses. Biomaterials 75:203–222PubMed

Juneja K, Mishra R, Chauhan S, Gupta S, Roy P, Sircar D (2020) Metabolite profiling and wound-healing activity of Boerhavia diffusa leaf extracts using in vitro and in vivo models. J Tradit Complement Med 10:52–59PubMed

Jung WK, Koo HC, Kim KW, Shin S, Kim SH, Park YH (2008) Antibacterial activity and mechanism of action of the silver ion in Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Appl Environ Microbiol 74:2171–2178PubMedPubMedCentral

Kadam P, Patil M, Yadav K (2018) A review on phytopharmacopial potential of Epilobium angustifolium. Pharmacognosy J 10

Karakaya S, Süntar I, Yakinci OF, Sytar O, Ceribasi S, Dursunoglu B, Ozbek H, Guvenalp Z (2020) In vivo bioactivity assessment on Epilobium species: a particular focus on Epilobium angustifolium and its components on enzymes connected with the healing process. J Ethnopharmacol 262:113207PubMed

Kartini K, Wati N, Gustav R, Wahyuni R, Anggada YF, Hidayani R, Raharjo A, Islamie R, Putra SED (2021) Wound healing effects of Plantago major extract and its chemical compounds in hyperglycemic rats. Food Biosci 41:100937

Keck M, Herndon DH, Kamolz LP, Frey M, Jeschke MG (2009) Pathophysiology of burns. Wien Med Wochenschr 159:327–336PubMed

Kefe A, Giday M, Mamo H, Erko B (2016) Antimalarial properties of crude extracts of seeds of Brucea antidysenterica and leaves of Ocimum lamiifolium. BMC Complement Altern Med 16:1–8

Khan Y, Panchal S, Vyas N, Butani A, Kumar V (2007) Olea europaea: a phyto-pharmacological review. Pharmacogn Rev 1:114–118

Khan W, Challa VGS, Langer R, Domb AJ (2014) Biodegradable polymers for focal delivery systems. Focal controlled drug delivery. Springer

Kim J-H (2018) Pharmacological and medical applications of Panax ginseng and ginsenosides: a review for use in cardiovascular diseases. J Ginseng Res 42:264–269PubMed

Koldaş S, Demirtas I, Ozen T, Demirci MA, Behçet L (2015) Phytochemical screening, anticancer and antioxidant activities of Origanum vulgare L. ssp. viride (Boiss.) Hayek, a plant of traditional usage. J Sci Food Agric 95:786–798PubMed

Krausz AE, Adler BL, Cabral V, Navati M, Doerner J, Charafeddine RA, Chandra D, Liang H, Gunther L, Clendaniel A (2015) Curcumin-encapsulated nanoparticles as innovative antimicrobial and wound healing agent. Nanomed Nanotechnol Biol Med 11:195–206

Krishnan P, Frew Q, Green A, Martin R, Dziewulski P (2013) Cause of death and correlation with autopsy findings in burns patients. Burns 39:583–588PubMed

Lachiewicz AM, Hauck CG, Weber DJ, Cairns BA, van Duin D (2017) Bacterial infections after burn injuries: impact of multidrug resistance. Clin Infect Dis 65:2130–2136PubMedPubMedCentral

Lara HH, Garza-Treviño EN, Ixtepan-Turrent L, Singh DK (2011) Silver nanoparticles are broad-spectrum bactericidal and virucidal compounds. J Nanobiotechnol 9:1–8

Lee RC (1997) Injury by electrical forces: pathophysiology, manifestations, and therapy. Curr Problems Surg 34:677–764

Lei H, Zhu C, Fan D (2020) Optimization of human-like collagen composite polysaccharide hydrogel dressing preparation using response surface for burn repair. Carbohyd Polym 239:116249

Li Y, Jiang H, Zheng W, Gong N, Chen L, Jiang X, Yang G (2015a) Bacterial cellulose–hyaluronan nanocomposite biomaterials as wound dressings for severe skin injury repair. J Mater Chem B 3:3498–3507PubMed

Li Z, Yuan B, Dong X, Duan L, Tian H, He C, Chen X (2015b) Injectable polysaccharide hybrid hydrogels as scaffolds for burn wound healing. RSC Adv 5:94248–94256

Liang D, Lu Z, Yang H, Gao J, Chen R (2016) Novel asymmetric wettable AgNPs/chitosan wound dressing: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 8:3958–3968PubMed

Lin FC-F, Lee S-S, Li Y-C, Ho Y-C, Chen W-Y, Chen C-J, Lee M-W, Yeh K-L, Tsai SC-S, Kuan Y-H (2021) Protective effects of kirenol against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury through the modulation of the proinflammatory NFκB pathway and the AMPK2-/Nrf2-mediated HO-1/AOE pathway. Antioxidants 10:204PubMedPubMedCentral

Lindholm C, Searle R (2016) Wound management for the 21st century: combining effectiveness and efficiency. Int Wound J 13(Suppl 2):5–15PubMedPubMedCentral

Ma C, Chen Y, Chen J, Li X, Chen Y (2017) A review on Annona squamosa L.: phytochemicals and biological activities. Am J Chin Med 45:933–964PubMed

Mahajan R, Itankar P (2020) Antioxidant, antimicrobial and wound healing potential of Helicteres isora Linn. Leaf Extracts Digital Chin Med 3:188–198

Mahmoudi M, Gould LJ (2020) Opportunities and challenges of the management of chronic wounds: a multidisciplinary viewpoint. Chronic Wound Care Manag Res 7:27–36

Majumder S, Sigamani A, Rahman T, Rahmatullah M (2020) Exploring phytochemicals as alternatives to antimicrobials—prospects and potentials. World J Pharm Pharm Sci 9:1802–1813

Maksimovic ZA, Dordevic S, Mraovic M (2005) Antimicrobial activity of Chenopodium botrys essential oil. Fitoterapia 76:112–114PubMed

Malone M, Bjarnsholt T, McBain AJ, James GA, Stoodley P, Leaper D, Tachi M, Schultz G, Swanson T, Wolcott RD (2017) The prevalence of biofilms in chronic wounds: a systematic review and meta-analysis of published data. J Wound Care 26:20–25PubMed

Mariam A (2015) Some medicinal plant resources and traditional uses in Pakistan. J Plant Breed Crop Sci 7:158–162

Matheson J, Clayton J, Muller M (2001) The reduction of itch during burn wound healing. J Burn Care Rehabil 22:76–81PubMed

Mazumdar S, Ghosh AK, Dinda M, Das AK, Das S, Jana K, Karmakar P (2019) Evaluation of wound healing activity of ethanol extract of Annona reticulata L. leaf both in vitro and in diabetic mice model. J Traditional Complement Med 11(1):27–37

Melaku Y, Worku T, Tadesse Y, Mekonnen Y, Schmidt J, Arnold N, Dagne E (2017) Antiplasmodial compounds from leaves of Dodonaea angustifolia. Curr Bioact Compd 13:268–273PubMedPubMedCentral

Messingham KAN, Faunce DE, Kovacs EJ (2002) Alcohol, injury, and cellular immunity. Alcohol 28:137–149PubMed

Mihai MM, Dima MB, Dima B, Holban AM (2019) Nanomaterials for wound healing and infection control. Materials 12:2176PubMedPubMedCentral

Mishra S, Aeri V, Gaur PK, Jachak SM (2014) Phytochemical, therapeutic, and ethnopharmacological overview for a traditionally important herb: Boerhavia diffusa Linn. BioMed Res Int 2014:808302PubMedPubMedCentral

Miyazaki H, Kinoshita M, Ono S, Seki S, Saitoh D (2015) Burn-evoked reactive oxygen species immediately after injury are crucial to restore the neutrophil function against postburn infection in mice. Shock 44:252–257PubMed

Moglad EH, Hamad AM, Fatima F, Seshadri VD, Naz M (2020) Antimicrobial and wound healing activities of certain Sudanese medicinal plants. Saudi J Biol Sci 27:1766–1772PubMedPubMedCentral

Morenike C, Veronica A, Emikpe BO, Oyebanji VO, Jarikre TA (2019) Investigations on the antimicrobial and wound healing activity of Ficus thonningii Blume extracts. Comp Clin Pathol 28:1113–1118

Morgado PI, Miguel SP, Correia IJ, Aguiar-Ricardo A (2017) Ibuprofen loaded PVA/chitosan membranes: a highly efficient strategy towards an improved skin wound healing. Carbohyd Polym 159:136–145

Mothana RA, Al-Said MS, Al-Rehaily AJ, Thabet TM, Awad NA, Lalk M, Lindequist U (2012) Anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antipyretic and antioxidant activities and phenolic constituents from Loranthus regularis Steud. ex Sprague. Food Chem 130:344–349

Mourya NMN, Bhopte DBD, Sagar RSR (2017) A review on Jasminum sambac: a potential medicinal plant. Int J Indigenous Herbs Drugs 13–16

Mousa AK, Elshenawy AA, Maklad SM, Bebars SM, Burezq HAHA, Sayed SE (2021) Post‐burn scar malignancy: 5‐year management review and experience. Int Wound J 19(4):895–909

Muñoz B, Suárez-Sánchez R, Hernández-Hernández O, Franco-Cendejas R, Cortés H, Magaña JJ (2019) From traditional biochemical signals to molecular markers for detection of sepsis after burn injuries. Burns 45:16–31PubMed

Murphy TJ, Paterson HM, Mannick JA, Lederer JA (2004) Injury, sepsis, and the regulation of Toll-like receptor responses. J Leukoc Biol 75:400–407PubMed

Mutlu E, Keshavarzian A, Engen P, Forsyth CB, Sikaroodi M, Gillevet P (2009) Intestinal dysbiosis: a possible mechanism of alcohol-induced endotoxemia and alcoholic steatohepatitis in rats. Alcoholism Clin Exp Res 33:1836–1846

Nayak BS, Jena PK, Dinda SC, Ellaiah P (2011) An overview on silviculture and traditional therapeutic uses of Gmnelina arborea Roxb. J Pharmacy Res 4:1–2

Nejjari R, Benabbes M, Amrani M, Meddah B, Bouatia M, Taoufik J (2019) Phytochemical screening and wound healing activity of Telephium imperati (L.) in rats. S Afr J Bot 123:147–151

Nezamdoost T, Bagherieh-Najjar M, Aghdasi M (2014) Biogenic synthesis of stable bioactive silver chloride nanoparticles using Onosma dichroantha Boiss. root extract. Mater Lett 137:225–228

Nielson CB, Duethman NC, Howard JM, Moncure M, Wood JG (2017) Burns: pathophysiology of systemic complications and current management. J Burn Care Res 38:e469–e481PubMed

Nigussie G, Alemu M, Ibrahim F, Werede Y, Tegegn M, Neway S, Annisa ME (2021) Phytochemistry, ethnomedicinal uses and pharmacological properties of Rhamnus prinoides: a review. Int J Secondary Metabolite 8:136–151

Oguntibeju OO (2019) Medicinal plants and their effects on diabetic wound healing. Vet World 12:653PubMedPubMedCentral

Okur ME, Ayla Ş, Çiçek Polat D, Günal MY, Yoltaş A, Biçeroğlu Ö (2018a) Novel insight into wound healing properties of methanol extract of Capparis ovata Desf. var. palaestina Zohary fruits. J Pharm Pharmacol 70:1401–1413PubMed

Okur ME, Polat DC, Ozbek H, Yilmaz S, Yoltas A, Arslan R (2018b) Evaluation of the antidiabetic property of Capparis ovata Desf. var. palaestina Zoh. extracts using in vivo and in vitro Approaches. Endocr Metab Immune Disorders-Drug Targets (formerly Curr Drug Targets-Immune Endocr Metab Disord) 18:489–501

Okur ME, Karadağ AE, Özhan Y, Sipahi H, Ayla Ş, Daylan B, Kültür Ş, Demirci B, Demirci F (2021) Anti-inflammatory, analgesic and in vivo-in vitro wound healing potential of the Phlomis rigida Labill. extract. J Ethnopharmacol 266:113408PubMed

Omar A, Wright JB, Schultz G, Burrell R, Nadworny P (2017) Microbial biofilms and chronic wounds. Microorganisms 5:9PubMedPubMedCentral

Osman OB (2022) Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy for corneal diseases and in vivo burn diagnosis. State University of New York at Stony Brook

Osuka A, Ogura H, Ueyama M, Shimazu T, Lederer JA (2014) Immune response to traumatic injury: harmony and discordance of immune system homeostasis. Acute Med Surg 1:63–69PubMedPubMedCentral

Owoyele BV, Owolabi GO (2014) Traditional oil palm (Elaeis guineensis jacq) and its medicinal uses: a review. CELLMED 4:161–168

Öz BE, Işcan GS, Akkol EK, Süntar I, Acıkara ÖB (2018) Isoflavonoids as wound healing agents from Ononidis Radix. J Ethnopharmacol 211:384–393

Özbilgin S, Acikara ÖB, Akkol EK, Süntar I, Keleş H, Işcan GS (2018) In vivo wound-healing activity of Euphorbia characias subsp. wulfenii: isolation and quantification of quercetin glycosides as bioactive compounds. J Ethnopharmacol 224:400–408PubMed

Park K-S, Park D-H (2019) The effect of Korean Red Ginseng on full-thickness skin wound healing in rats. J Ginseng Res 43:226–235PubMed

Paswan SK, Srivastava S, Rao CV (2020) Wound healing, antimicrobial and antioxidant efficacy of Amaranthus spinosus ethanolic extract on rats. Biocatal Agric Biotechnol 26:101624

Patsouris D, Qi P, Abdullahi A, Stanojcic M, Chen P, Parousis A, Amini-Nik S, Jeschke MG (2015) Burn induces browning of the subcutaneous white adipose tissue in mice and humans. Cell Rep 13:1538–1544PubMedPubMedCentral

Pauksch L, Hartmann S, Rohnke M, Szalay G, Alt V, Schnettler R, Lips KS (2014) Biocompatibility of silver nanoparticles and silver ions in primary human mesenchymal stem cells and osteoblasts. Acta Biomater 10:439–449PubMed

Pereira RF, Barrias CC, Granja PL, Bartolo PJ (2013) Advanced biofabrication strategies for skin regeneration and repair. Nanomedicine 8:603–621PubMed

Pereira Beserra F, Xue M, Maia GLDA, Leite Rozza A, Helena Pellizzon C, Jackson CJ (2018) Lupeol, a pentacyclic triterpene, promotes migration, wound closure, and contractile effect in vitro: possible involvement of PI3K/Akt and p38/ERK/MAPK pathways. Molecules 23:2819PubMedPubMedCentral

Pereira Beserra F, Sérgio Gushiken LF, Vieira AJ, Augusto Bérgamo D, Luísa Bérgamo P, De Souza MO, Alberto Hussni C, Kiomi Takahira R, Henrique Nóbrega R, Monteiro Martinez ER (2020) From inflammation to cutaneous repair: topical application of lupeol improves skin wound healing in rats by modulating the cytokine levels, NF-κB, Ki-67, growth factor expression, and distribution of collagen fibers. Int J Mol Sci 21:4952PubMedPubMedCentral

Pérez-Recalde M, Arias IER, Hermida ÉB (2018) Could essential oils enhance biopolymers performance for wound healing? A systematic review. Phytomedicine 38:57–65PubMed

Pratsinis A, Hervella P, Leroux JC, Pratsinis SE, Sotiriou GA (2013) Toxicity of silver nanoparticles in macrophages. Small 9:2576–2584PubMed

Rae L, Fidler P, Gibran N (2016) The physiologic basis of burn shock and the need for aggressive fluid resuscitation. Crit Care Clin 32:491–505PubMed

Raeiszadeh M, Esmaeili-Tarzi M, Bahrampour-Juybari K, Nematollahi-Mahani S, Pardakhty A, Nematollahi M, Mehrabani M (2018) Evaluation the effect of Myrtus communis L. extract on several underlying mechanisms involved in wound healing: An in vitro study. S Afr J Bot 118:144–150

Rajoo A, Ramanathan S, Mansor SM, Sasidharan S (2021) Formulation and evaluation of wound healing activity of Elaeis guineensis Jacq leaves in a Staphylococcus aureus infected Sprague Dawley rat model. J Ethnopharmacol 266:113414PubMed

Rech MA, Mosier MJ, McConkey K, Zelisko S, Netzer G, Kovacs EJ, Afshar M (2019) Outcomes in burn-injured patients who develop sepsis. J Burn Care Res 40:269–273PubMedPubMedCentral

Rehberg S, Yamamoto Y, Sousse LE, Jonkam C, Zhu Y, Traber LD, Cox RA, Prough DS, Traber DL, Enkhbaatar P (2013) Antithrombin attenuates vascular leakage via inhibiting neutrophil activation in acute lung injury. Crit Care Med 41:e439PubMedPubMedCentral

Reithofer MR, Lakshmanan A, Ping AT, Chin JM, Hauser CA (2014) In situ synthesis of size-controlled, stable silver nanoparticles within ultrashort peptide hydrogels and their anti-bacterial properties. Biomaterials 35:7535–7542PubMed

Ren J, Yang M, Chen J, Ma S, Wang N (2020) Anti-inflammatory and wound healing potential of kirenol in diabetic rats through the suppression of inflammatory markers and matrix metalloproteinase expressions. Biomed Pharmacother 129:110475PubMed

Rengifo-Salgado E, Vargas-Arana G (2013) Physalis angulata L. (Bolsa Mullaca): a review of its traditional uses, chemistry and pharmacology. Boletín Latinoamericano y Del Caribe De Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas 12:431–445

Rex J, Muthukumar N, Selvakumar P (2018) Phytochemicals as a potential source for anti-microbial, antioxidant and wound healing-a review. MOJ Biorg Org Chem 2:61–70

Rezvani Ghomi E, Khalili S, Nouri Khorasani S, Esmaeely Neisiany R, Ramakrishna S (2019) Wound dressings: current advances and future directions. J Appl Polym Sci 136:47738

Rowan MP, Cancio LC, Elster EA, Burmeister DM, Rose LF, Natesan S, Chan RK, Christy RJ, Chung KK (2015) Burn wound healing and treatment: review and advancements. Crit Care 19:1–12

Safavi F, Farimani M, Golalipour M, Leung P-C, Lau K-M, Kwok H-F, Wong C-W, Bayat H, Lau C-S (2019) Investigations on the wound healing properties of Onosma dichroantha Boiss root extracts. S Afr J Bot 125:344–352

Safna M, Visakh U, Gangadharan A (2020) Biological activity of hexane extract of Hemigraphis colorata, an indigenous wound healing plant. Mater Today Proc 25:294–297

Saha S, Sonar V, Soni B, Koladiya S, Chakraborty S, Pithawala M (2021) Investigating wound healing potential of Typha angustata L. inflorescence in albino Wistar rats. Phytomed plus 1:100054

Sahana T, Rekha P (2018) Biopolymers: applications in wound healing and skin tissue engineering. Mol Biol Rep 45:2857–2867PubMed

Saleem U, Khalid S, Zaib S, Anwar F, Ahmad B, Ullah I, Zeb A, Ayaz M (2020) Phytochemical analysis and wound healing studies on ethnomedicinally important plant Malva neglecta Wallr. J Ethnopharmacol 249:112401PubMed

Salibian AA, del Rosario AT, Severo LDAM, Nguyen L, Banyard DA, Toranto JD, Evans GR, Widgerow AD (2016) Current concepts on burn wound conversion—a review of recent advances in understanding the secondary progressions of burns. Burns 42:1025–1035PubMedPubMedCentral

Samuelsen AB (2000) The traditional uses, chemical constituents and biological activities of Plantago major L. A review. J Ethnopharmacol 71:1–21PubMedPubMedCentral

Sarkhail P, Navidpour L, Rahimifard M, Hosseini NM, Souri E (2020) Bioassay-guided fractionation and identification of wound healing active compound from Pistacia vera L. hull extract. J Ethnopharmacol 248:112335PubMed

Sayyedrostami T, Pournaghi P, Vosta-Kalaee SE, Zangeneh MM (2018) Evaluation of the wound healing activity of Chenopodium botrys leaves essential oil in rats (a short-term study). J Essential Oil Bearing Plants 21:164–174

Sekirov I, Russell SL, Antunes LCM, Finlay BB (2010) Gut microbiota in health and disease. Physiol Rev 90(3):859–904PubMed

Seok J, Warren HS, Cuenca AG, Mindrinos MN, Baker HV, Xu W, Richards DR, McDonald-Smith GP, Gao H, Hennessy L (2013) Genomic responses in mouse models poorly mimic human inflammatory diseases. Proc Natl Acad Sci 110:3507–3512PubMedPubMedCentral

Sethuram L, Thomas J, Mukherjee A, Chandrasekaran N (2019) Effects and formulation of silver nanoscaffolds on cytotoxicity dependent ion release kinetics towards enhanced excision wound healing patterns in Wistar albino rats. RSC Adv 9:35677–35694PubMedPubMedCentral

Shemesh M, Zilberman M (2014) Structure–property effects of novel bioresorbable hybrid structures with controlled release of analgesic drugs for wound healing applications. Acta Biomater 10:1380–1391PubMed

Siddiqui AR, Bernstein JM (2010) Chronic wound infection: facts and controversies. Clin Dermatol 28:519–526PubMed

Sidossis LS, Porter C, Saraf MK, Børsheim E, Radhakrishnan RS, Chao T, Ali A, Chondronikola M, Mlcak R, Finnerty CC (2015) Browning of subcutaneous white adipose tissue in humans after severe adrenergic stress. Cell Metab 22:219–227PubMedPubMedCentral

Singer M, Deutschman CS, Seymour CW, Shankar-Hari M, Annane D, Bauer M, Bellomo R, Bernard GR, Chiche J-D, Coopersmith CM (2016) The third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (Sepsis-3). JAMA 315:801–810PubMedPubMedCentral

Song H, Xu Y, Chang W, Zhuang J, Wu X (2020) Negative pressure wound therapy promotes wound healing by suppressing macrophage inflammation in diabetic ulcers. Regen Med 15:2341–2349PubMed

Sönmez PE, Kirbag S, Çakilcioğlu U (2020) Reviewing Phlomis rigida Labill from Turkey as a antimicrobial efficacy. Sakarya Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 24:1265–1271

Sood RF, Gibran NS, Arnoldo BD, Gamelli RL, Herndon DN, Tompkins RG, INFLAMMATION & INVESTIGATORS, T. H. R. T. I. (2016) Early leukocyte gene expression associated with age, burn size, and inhalation injury in severely burned adults. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 80:250PubMedPubMedCentral

Stanojcic M, Abdullahi A, Rehou S, Parousis A, Jeschke MG (2018) Pathophysiological response to burn injury in adults. Ann Surg 267:576–584PubMed

Stein J, Jorge BC, Reis ACC, Radai JAS, da Silva Moreira S, Fraga TL, da Silva Mota J, Oliveira RJ, Kassuya CAL, Arena AC (2022) Evaluation of the safety of ethanolic extract from Piper amalago L. (Piperaceae) leaves in vivo: subacute toxicity and genotoxicity studies. Regulat Toxicol Pharmacol 129:105118

Stewart PS (2002) Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in bacterial biofilms. Int J Med Microbiol 292:107–113PubMed

Szopa A, Pajor J, Klin P, Rzepiela A, Elansary HO, Al-Mana FA, Mattar MA, Ekiert H (2020) Artemisia absinthium L.—importance in the history of medicine, the latest advances in phytochemistry and therapeutical, cosmetological and culinary uses. Plants 9:1063PubMedPubMedCentral

Tessema Z, Yibeltal D, Molla Y (2021) Evaluation of the wound healing activity of the crude extract of root bark of Brucea antidysentrica, the leaves of Dodonaea angustifolia and Rhamnus prinoides in mice. Heliyon 7:e05901PubMedPubMedCentral

Tottoli EM, Dorati R, Genta I, Chiesa E, Pisani S, Conti B (2020) Skin wound healing process and new emerging technologies for skin wound care and regeneration. Pharmaceutics 12:735PubMedPubMedCentral

Varaprasad K, Mohan YM, Vimala K, Mohana Raju K (2011) Synthesis and characterization of hydrogel-silver nanoparticle-curcumin composites for wound dressing and antibacterial application. J Appl Polym Sci 121:784–796

Vaughn L, Beckel N (2012) Severe burn injury, burn shock, and smoke inhalation injury in small animals. Part 1: burn classification and pathophysiology. J Vet Emerg Crit Care 22:179–186

Velu G, Palanichamy V, Rajan AP (2018) Phytochemical and pharmacological importance of plant secondary metabolites in modern medicine. Bioorganic phase in natural food: an overview. Springer

Wood FM (2014) Skin regeneration: the complexities of translation into clinical practise. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 56:133–140PubMed

Wu C, Zhang G, Xia T, Li Z, Zhao K, Deng Z, Guo D, Peng B (2015) Bioinspired synthesis of polydopamine/Ag nanocomposite particles with antibacterial activities. Mater Sci Eng, C 55:155–165

Xu R, Luo G, Xia H, He W, Zhao J, Liu B, Tan J, Zhou J, Liu D, Wang Y (2015) Novel bilayer wound dressing composed of silicone rubber with particular micropores enhanced wound re-epithelialization and contraction. Biomaterials 40:1–11PubMed

Yadav P, Singh D, Mallik A, Nayak S (2012) Madhuca longifolia (Sapotaceae), a review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. Int J Biomed Res 3:291–305

Yahaya ES, Cordier W, Steenkamp PA, Steenkamp V (2018) Attenuation of oxidative stress and artificial wound closure in C2C12 myoblasts induced by sequential extracts of Boerhavia diffusa. J Pharm Pharmacol 70:111–123PubMed

Yarmolinsky L, Budovsky A, Yarmolinsky L, Khalfin B, Glukhman V, Ben-Shabat S (2019) Effect of bioactive phytochemicals from Phlomis viscosa poiret on wound healing. Plants 8:609PubMedPubMedCentral

Yaseen HS, Asif M, Saadullah M, Asghar S, Shams MU, Bazmi RR, Saleem M, Yousaf HM, Yaseen M (2020) Methanolic extract of Ephedra ciliata promotes wound healing and arrests inflammatory cascade in vivo through downregulation of TNF-α. Inflammopharmacology 28:1691–1704PubMed

Yusuf A, Abdullahi M (2019) The phytochemical and pharmacological actions of Entada africana Guill. & Perr. Heliyon 5:e02332PubMedPubMedCentral

Zimmermann-Klemd AM, Konradi V, Steinborn C, Ücker A, Falanga CM, Woelfle U, Huber R, Jürgenliemk G, Rajbhandari M, Gründemann C (2019) Influence of traditionally used Nepalese plants on wound healing and immunological properties using primary human cells in vitro. J Ethnopharmacol 235:415–423PubMed

Zou B, Zheng J, Deng W, Tan Y, Jie L, Qu Y, Yang Q, Ke M, Ding Z, Chen Y (2021) Kirenol inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and prevents ovariectomized-induced osteoporosis via suppressing the Ca²⁺-NFATc1 and Cav-1 signaling pathways. Phytomedicine 80:153377PubMed

Title: Role of medicinal herbs and phytochemicals in post burn management
Authors: Rida Siddique
Malik Hassan Mehmood
Liaqat Hussain
Abdul Malik
Ayesha Sethi
Maryam Farrukh
Shaneel Kousar
Publication date: 19-05-2023
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Keyword: Wound Management
Published in: Inflammopharmacology / Issue 4/2023
Print ISSN: 0925-4692
Electronic ISSN: 1568-5608
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-023-01246-5

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Role of medicinal herbs and phytochemicals in post burn management

Abstract

Graphical abstract

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Graphical abstract

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 4/2023

Differential dose–response effect of cyclosporine A in regulating apoptosis and autophagy markers in MCF-7 cells

Emerging trends in combination strategies with phototherapy in advanced psoriasis management

The anti-inflammatory effects of minocycline on lipopolysaccharide-induced paw oedema in rats: a histopathological and molecular study

The potential effect of metformin on fibroblast growth factor 21 in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)

Immunomodulatory effects of umbilical mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes on CD4+ T cells in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome

Current trends in epigenetic, cellular and molecular pathways in management of rheumatoid arthritis