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At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

A round-up of the ONWARDS phase 3 clinical trials evaluating the novel weekly insulin icodec in people with diabetes.
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European Journal of Epidemiology
Published in: European Journal of Epidemiology 5/2012

Open Access 01-05-2012 | REVIEW

Association between bone mineral density and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of observational studies

Authors: Lili Ma, Ling Oei, Lindi Jiang, Karol Estrada, Huiyong Chen, Zhen Wang, Qiang Yu, Maria Carola Zillikens, Xin Gao, Fernando Rivadeneira

Published in: European Journal of Epidemiology | Issue 5/2012

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Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) influences bone metabolism, but the relation of T2DM with bone mineral density (BMD) remains inconsistent across studies. The objective of this study was to perform a meta-analysis and meta-regression of the literature to estimate the difference in BMD (g/cm2) between diabetic and non-diabetic populations, and to investigate potential underlying mechanisms. A literature search was performed in PubMed and Ovid extracting data from articles prior to May 2010. Eligible studies were those where the association between T2DM and BMD measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry was evaluated using a cross-sectional, cohort or case–control design, including both healthy controls and subjects with T2DM. The analysis was done on 15 observational studies (3,437 diabetics and 19,139 controls). Meta-analysis showed that BMD in diabetics was significantly higher, with pooled mean differences of 0.04 (95% CI: 0.02, 0.05) at the femoral neck, 0.06 (95% CI: 0.04, 0.08) at the hip and 0.06 (95% CI: 0.04, 0.07) at the spine. The differences for forearm BMD were not significantly different between diabetics and non-diabetics. Sex-stratified analyses showed similar results in both genders. Substantial heterogeneity was found to originate from differences in study design and possibly diabetes definition. Also, by applying meta-regression we could establish that younger age, male gender, higher body mass index and higher HbA1C were positively associated with higher BMD levels in diabetic individuals. We conclude that individuals with T2DM from both genders have higher BMD levels, but that multiple factors influence BMD in individuals with T2DM.
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Metadata
Title
Association between bone mineral density and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors
Lili Ma
Ling Oei
Lindi Jiang
Karol Estrada
Huiyong Chen
Zhen Wang
Qiang Yu
Maria Carola Zillikens
Xin Gao
Fernando Rivadeneira
Publication date
01-05-2012
Publisher
Springer Netherlands
Published in
European Journal of Epidemiology / Issue 5/2012
Print ISSN: 0393-2990
Electronic ISSN: 1573-7284
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-012-9674-x

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