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Published in: Investigational New Drugs 4/2012

01-08-2012 | PRECLINICAL STUDIES

Enhancing the anti-lymphoma potential of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (‘ecstasy’) through iterative chemical redesign: mechanisms and pathways to cell death

Authors: Agata M. Wasik, Michael N. Gandy, Matthew McIldowie, Michelle J. Holder, Anita Chamba, Anita Challa, Katie D. Lewis, Stephen P. Young, Dagmar Scheel-Toellner, Martin J. Dyer, Nicholas M. Barnes, Matthew J. Piggott, John Gordon

Published in: Investigational New Drugs | Issue 4/2012

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Summary

While 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA/‘ecstasy’) is cytostatic towards lymphoma cells in vitro, the concentrations required militate against its translation directly to a therapeutic in vivo. The possibility of ‘redesigning the designer drug’, separating desired anti-lymphoma activity from unwanted psychoactivity and neurotoxicity, was therefore mooted. From an initial analysis of MDMA analogues synthesized with a modified α-substituent, it was found that incorporating a phenyl group increased potency against sensitive, Bcl-2-deplete, Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL) cells 10-fold relative to MDMA. From this lead, related analogs were synthesized with the ‘best’ compounds (containing 1- and 2-naphthyl and para-biphenyl substituents) some 100-fold more potent than MDMA versus the BL target. When assessed against derived lines from a diversity of B-cell tumors MDMA analogues were seen to impact the broad spectrum of malignancy. Expressing a BCL2 transgene in BL cells afforded only scant protection against the analogues and across the malignancies no significant correlation between constitutive Bcl-2 levels and sensitivity to compounds was observed. Bcl-2-deplete cells displayed hallmarks of apoptotic death in response to the analogues while BCL2 overexpressing equivalents died in a caspase-3-independent manner. Despite lymphoma cells expressing monoamine transporters, their pharmacological blockade failed to reverse the anti-lymphoma actions of the analogues studied. Neither did reactive oxygen species account for ensuing cell death. Enhanced cytotoxic performance did however track with predicted lipophilicity amongst the designed compounds. In conclusion, MDMA analogues have been discovered with enhanced cytotoxic efficacy against lymphoma subtypes amongst which high-level Bcl-2—often a barrier to drug performance for this indication—fails to protect.
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Metadata
Title
Enhancing the anti-lymphoma potential of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (‘ecstasy’) through iterative chemical redesign: mechanisms and pathways to cell death
Authors
Agata M. Wasik
Michael N. Gandy
Matthew McIldowie
Michelle J. Holder
Anita Chamba
Anita Challa
Katie D. Lewis
Stephen P. Young
Dagmar Scheel-Toellner
Martin J. Dyer
Nicholas M. Barnes
Matthew J. Piggott
John Gordon
Publication date
01-08-2012
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Investigational New Drugs / Issue 4/2012
Print ISSN: 0167-6997
Electronic ISSN: 1573-0646
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10637-011-9730-5

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