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01-12-2018 | Original Article

Development of the Demotivating Beliefs Inventory and Test of the Cognitive Triad of Amotivation

Authors: Matthias Pillny, Katarina Krkovic, Tania M. Lincoln

Published in: Cognitive Therapy and Research | Issue 6/2018

Abstract

Recent cognitive models of negative symptoms in psychosis posit that amotivation relevant beliefs are reflected in the cognitive triad of negative beliefs concerning the self, others and the future. The aim of this study was to test the proposed three-factor structure of putative ‘demotivating beliefs’ and to ascertain the strength of their association with self-reported amotivation. We combined existing scales assessing ‘demotivating beliefs’ to the Demotivating Beliefs Inventory. This scale was used for exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses as well as latent regression analyses with amotivation in two independent community (n₁ = 98; n₂ = 347) and one clinical sample (n = 36). We found a three-factor structure with satisfying model fit (‘selfdefeating beliefs’, ‘social indifference beliefs’ and ‘low-expectancy-of-pleasure beliefs’). Each factor showed moderate associations with amotivation (β-coefficients from 0.34 to 0.43; R² = .30). Our results support the validity of the cognitive triad and its benefit as a framework to analyze demotivating beliefs.

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We note that different terms such as “dysfunctional”, “irrational” or “maladaptive” have been used to describe people’s appraisals, thoughts, beliefs or attitudes in the field of psychopathology. However, classifying beliefs as dysfunctional may not meet the potential functional aspects of beliefs from a patient’s perspective (Westermann et al., in press). Here, we have decided to use the more neutral term “demotivating beliefs” (i.e. beliefs with negative content that are related to amotivation).

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Title: Development of the Demotivating Beliefs Inventory and Test of the Cognitive Triad of Amotivation
Authors: Matthias Pillny
Katarina Krkovic
Tania M. Lincoln
Publication date: 01-12-2018
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: Cognitive Therapy and Research / Issue 6/2018
Print ISSN: 0147-5916
Electronic ISSN: 1573-2819
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-018-9940-7

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