Top

Published in:

01-10-2020 | Affective Disorder | Original Paper

Validity and Performance of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2) for Screening of Depression in a Rural Chilean Cohort

Authors: Constanza Caneo, Pablo Toro, Catterina Ferreccio, the Mauco Research Team

Published in: Community Mental Health Journal | Issue 7/2020

Abstract

Validity of PHQ-2 to screen for depression was assessed in an agricultural population in Chile. The sample included 4767 adults enrolled from 2014 to 2017 in a population-based cohort of chronic disease in Maule, Chile. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to find the optimal PHQ-2 cut-off for depression, defined as the highest Youden index, using PHQ-9 as a reference standard. Sensitivity, specificity, and Youden J index were calculated for every cut-off point of PHQ-2. Prevalence of depression measured by PHQ-9 and PHQ-2 was 18% and 18.4%, respectively. Corresponding rates for women were 24.7% and 23.6%, and 8.3% and 10.9 for men. The optimal PHQ-2 cut-off score was 3, achieved with a sensitivity of 74.6%, specificity 93.9%, and Youden index of 0.68. The area under the curve for the ROC analysis ROC curve was 0.92 (95% CI 0.91–0.93). PHQ-2 has good performance for use as a test for depression screening in a rural population of Chile and can be easily applied in areas with low resources.

Albert, P. R. (2015). Why is depression more prevalent in women? Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience, 40, 219–221.CrossRef

Arrieta, J., Aguerrebere, M., Raviola, G., Flores, H., Elliott, P., Espinosa, A., …, Franke, M. F. (2017). Validity and Utility of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-2 and PHQ-9 for Screening and Diagnosis of Depression in Rural Chiapas, Mexico: A Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 73(9), 1076-1090

Arroll, B., Goodyear-Smith, F., Crengle, S., Gunn, J., Kerse, N., Fishman, T., …, Hatcher, S. (2010). Validation of PHQ-2 and PHQ-9 to screen for major depression in the primary care population. The Annals of Family Medicine, 8(4), 348-353. https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.1139

Baader, T., Molina, J. L., Venezian, S., Rojas, C., Farias, R., Fierro-Freixenet, C., …, Mundt, C. (2012). Validación y utilidad de la encuesta PHQ-9 (Patient Health Questionnaire) en el diagnóstico de depresión en pacientes usuarios de atención primaria en Chile. Revista Chilena de Neuro-Psiquiatría, 50(1), 10-22

Caneo, C., & Calderón, J. (2018). Evidence-based practice in Chile. BJPsych International. https://doi.org/10.1192/bji.2017.20.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Caneo, C., Marston, L., Bellón, J. Á., & King, M. (2016). Examining the relationship between physical illness and depression: Is there a difference between inflammatory and non inflammatory diseases? A cohort study. General Hospital Psychiatry, 43, 71–77.CrossRef

Chile, M. D. S. (2008). Estudio de carga de enfermedad y carga atribuible. Estudios AUGE. Retrieved from: https://diprece.minsal.cl/wrdprss_minsal/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Estudio-de-Carga-de-Enfermedad-y-Carga-Atribuible.pdf

Chile, M. D. S. D. (2018). Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2016–2017. Information retrieved from https://epi.minsal.cl/resultados-encuestas/

Cutler, C. B., Legano, L. A., Dreyer, B. P., Fierman, A. H., Berkule, S. B., Lusskin, S. I., …, Mendelsohn, A. L. (2007). Screening for maternal depression in a low education population using a two item questionnaire. Archives of Women's Mental Health, 10(6), 277-283. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-007-0202-z

Ferreccio, C., Roa, J. C., Bambs, C., Vives, A., Corvalán, A. H., Cortés, S., . . . Lavandero, S. (2016). Study protocol for the Maule Cohort (MAUCO) of chronic diseases, Chile 2014–2024. BMC Public Health, 16, 122–122. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-2454-2.

Gilbody, S., Richards, D., Brealey, S., & Hewitt, C. (2007). Screening for depression in medical settings with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ): A diagnostic meta-analysis. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 22(11), 1596–1602. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-007-0333-y.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. (2001). The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 16(9), 606–613.CrossRef

Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. (2003). The Patient Health Questionnaire-2: Validity of a two-item depression screener. Medical Care, 41(11), 1284–1292. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.MLR.0000093487.78664.3C.CrossRefPubMed

Kurt, K., Robert, L. S., & Janet, B. W. W. (2003). The Patient Health Questionnaire-2: Validity of a two-item depression screener. Medical Care, 41(11), 1284–1292.CrossRef

Leeflang, M., Rutjes, A. W. S., Reitsma, J. B., Hooft, L., & Bossuyt, P. (2013). Variation of a test’s sensitivity and specificity with disease prevalence. CMAJ, 185(11), E537–E544. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.121286.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Li, C., Friedman, B., Conwell, Y., & Fiscella, K. (2007). Validity of the Patient Health Questionnaire 2 (PHQ-2) in identifying major depression in older people. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 55(4), 596–602. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01103.x.CrossRefPubMed

Markkula, N., Zitko, P., Peña, S., Margozzini, P., Retamal, C., & P., (2017). Prevalence, trends, correlates and treatment of depression in Chile in 2003 to 2010. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 52(4), 399–409. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-017-1346-4.CrossRefPubMed

Mitchell, A. J., Yadegarfar, M., Gill, J., & Stubbs, B. (2016). Case finding and screening clinical utility of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9 and PHQ-2) for depression in primary care: a diagnostic meta-analysis of 40 studies. BJPsych Open, 2(2), 127–138. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjpo.bp.115.001685.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Prisnie, J. C., Fiest, K. M., Coutts, S. B., Patten, S. B., Atta, C. A., Blaikie, L., …, Jetté, N. (2016). Validating screening tools for depression in stroke and transient ischemic attack patients. International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 51(3), 262-277. https://doi.org/10.1177/0091217416652616

Šimundić, A. M. (2009). Measures of Diagnostic Accuracy: Basic Definitions. EJIFCC, 19, 203–211.PubMedPubMedCentral

Vicente, B., Kohn, R., Rioseco, P., Saldivia, S., Levav, I., & Torres, S. (2006). Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R disorders in the Chile psychiatric prevalence study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 163(8), 1362–1370. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.2006.163.8.1362.CrossRefPubMed

Vos, T., Barber, R. M., Bell, B., Bertozzi-Villa, A., Biryukov, S., Bolliger, I., …, Murray, C. J. L. (2015). Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990–2013: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. The Lancet, 386(9995), 743-800. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60692-4

Title: Validity and Performance of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2) for Screening of Depression in a Rural Chilean Cohort
Authors: Constanza Caneo
Pablo Toro
Catterina Ferreccio
the Mauco Research Team
Publication date: 01-10-2020
Publisher: Springer US
Keywords: Affective Disorder
Affective Disorder
Published in: Community Mental Health Journal / Issue 7/2020
Print ISSN: 0010-3853
Electronic ISSN: 1573-2789
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-020-00605-8

ACC 2024 Congress

Springer Medicine

Validity and Performance of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2) for Screening of Depression in a Rural Chilean Cohort

Abstract

ACC 2024 Congress

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 7/2020

Development and Evaluation of a Mental Health Training Program for Community Health Workers in Indonesia

Comparing Suicide Attempters With and Without Mental Disorders: A Study of Young Adults in Rural China

A Mindfulness Mobile App for Traumatized COVID-19 Healthcare Workers and Recovered Patients: A Response to “The Use of Digital Applications and COVID-19”

Promoting Resilience Among College Student Veterans Through an Acceptance-and-Commitment-Therapy App: An Intervention Refinement Study

Counseling on Access to Lethal Means in the Emergency Department: A Script for Improved Comfort

The Effects of Clinical Experience on Early Career Psychiatrists’ Beliefs and Attitudes Towards Older Psychiatric Patients