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Cancer Causes & Control
Published in: Cancer Causes & Control 4/2016

Open Access 01-04-2016 | Review article

Breast cancer survival among young women: a review of the role of modifiable lifestyle factors

Authors: Darren R. Brenner, Nigel T. Brockton, Joanne Kotsopoulos, Michelle Cotterchio, Beatrice A. Boucher, Kerry S. Courneya, Julia A. Knight, Ivo A. Olivotto, May Lynn Quan, Christine M. Friedenreich

Published in: Cancer Causes & Control | Issue 4/2016

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Abstract

Almost 7 % of breast cancers are diagnosed among women age 40 years and younger in Western populations. Clinical outcomes among young women are worse. Early age-of-onset increases the risk of contralateral breast cancer, local and distant recurrence, and subsequent mortality. Breast cancers in young women (BCYW) are more likely to present with triple-negative (TNBC), TP53-positive, and HER-2 over-expressing tumors than among older women. However, despite these known differences in breast cancer outcomes and tumor subtypes, there is limited understanding of the basic biology, epidemiology, and optimal therapeutic strategies for BCYW. Several modifiable lifestyle factors associated with reduced risk of developing breast cancer have also been implicated in improved prognosis among breast cancer survivors of all ages. Given the treatment-related toxicities and the extended window for late effects, long-term lifestyle modifications potentially offer significant benefits to BCYW. In this review, we propose a model identifying three main areas of lifestyle factors (energy imbalance, inflammation, and dietary nutrient adequacy) that may influence survival in BCYW. In addition, we provide a summary of mechanisms of action and a synthesis of previous research on each of these topics.
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Metadata
Title
Breast cancer survival among young women: a review of the role of modifiable lifestyle factors
Authors
Darren R. Brenner
Nigel T. Brockton
Joanne Kotsopoulos
Michelle Cotterchio
Beatrice A. Boucher
Kerry S. Courneya
Julia A. Knight
Ivo A. Olivotto
May Lynn Quan
Christine M. Friedenreich
Publication date
01-04-2016
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Published in
Cancer Causes & Control / Issue 4/2016
Print ISSN: 0957-5243
Electronic ISSN: 1573-7225
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-016-0726-5

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