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Cancer Causes & Control
Published in: Cancer Causes & Control 11/2015

Open Access 01-11-2015 | Review article

A systematic review of dietary, nutritional, and physical activity interventions for the prevention of prostate cancer progression and mortality

Authors: Lucy E. Hackshaw-McGeagh, Rachel E. Perry, Verity A. Leach, Sara Qandil, Mona Jeffreys, Richard M. Martin, J. Athene Lane

Published in: Cancer Causes & Control | Issue 11/2015

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Abstract

Purpose

Given the long-term, although potentially fatal, nature of prostate cancer, there is increasing observational evidence for the reduction in disease progression and mortality through changes in lifestyle factors.

Methods

We systematically reviewed dietary, nutritional, and physical activity randomized interventions aimed at modifying prostate cancer progression and disease-specific mortality, including a detailed assessment of risk of bias and methodological quality.

Results

Forty-four randomized controlled trials of lifestyle interventions, with prostate cancer progression or mortality outcomes, were identified. Substantial heterogeneity of the data prevented a meta-analysis. The included trials involved 3,418 prostate cancer patients, median 64 men per trial, from 13 countries. A trial of a nutritional supplement of pomegranate seed, green tea, broccoli, and turmeric; a trial comparing flaxseed, low-fat diet, flaxseed, and low-fat diet versus usual diet; and a trial supplementing soy, lycopene, selenium, and coenzyme Q10, all demonstrated beneficial effects. These trials were also assessed as having low risk of bias and high methodological quality (as were seven other trials with no evidence of benefit). The remaining trials were either underpowered, at high or unclear risk of bias, inadequately reported, of short duration or measured surrogate outcomes of unproven relationship to mortality or disease progression, which precluded any benefits reported being reliable.

Conclusion

Large, well-designed randomized trials with clinical endpoints are recommended for lifestyle modification interventions.
Appendix
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Metadata
Title
A systematic review of dietary, nutritional, and physical activity interventions for the prevention of prostate cancer progression and mortality
Authors
Lucy E. Hackshaw-McGeagh
Rachel E. Perry
Verity A. Leach
Sara Qandil
Mona Jeffreys
Richard M. Martin
J. Athene Lane
Publication date
01-11-2015
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Published in
Cancer Causes & Control / Issue 11/2015
Print ISSN: 0957-5243
Electronic ISSN: 1573-7225
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-015-0659-4

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