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Cancer Causes & Control
Published in: Cancer Causes & Control 2/2006

01-03-2006 | Original Paper

Race/Ethnicity and Changing US Socioeconomic Gradients in Breast Cancer Incidence: California and Massachusetts, 1978–2002 (United States)

Authors: Nancy Krieger, Jarvis T. Chen, Pamela D. Waterman, David H. Rehkopf, Ruihua Yin, Brent A. Coull

Published in: Cancer Causes & Control | Issue 2/2006

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Abstract

Objective We tested the hypothesis that the US socioeconomic gradient in breast cancer incidence is declining, with the decline most pronounced among racial/ethnic groups with the highest incidence rates.
Methods We geocoded the invasive incident breast cancer cases for three US population-based cancer registries covering: Los Angeles County, CA (1978–1982, 1988–1992, 1998–2002; n = 68,762 cases), the San Francisco Bay Area, CA (1978–1982, 1988–1992, 1998–2002; n = 37,210 cases) and Massachusetts (1988–1992, 1998–2002; n = 48,111 cases), linked the records to census tract area-based socioeconomic measures, and, for each socioeconomic stratum, computed average annual breast cancer incidence rates for the 5-year period straddling the 1980, 1990, and 2000 census, overall and by race/ethnicity and gender.
Results Our findings indicate that the socioeconomic gradient in breast cancer incidence is: (a) relatively small (at most 1.2) and stable among US white non-Hispanic and black women; (b) sharper and generally increasing among Hispanic and Asian and Pacific Islander American women; and (c) cannot be meaningfully analyzed without considering effect modification by race/ethnicity and immigration.
Conclusion Our results indicate that secular changes in US socioeconomic gradients in breast cancer incidence exist and vary by race/ethnicity.
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Metadata
Title
Race/Ethnicity and Changing US Socioeconomic Gradients in Breast Cancer Incidence: California and Massachusetts, 1978–2002 (United States)
Authors
Nancy Krieger
Jarvis T. Chen
Pamela D. Waterman
David H. Rehkopf
Ruihua Yin
Brent A. Coull
Publication date
01-03-2006
Publisher
Kluwer Academic Publishers
Published in
Cancer Causes & Control / Issue 2/2006
Print ISSN: 0957-5243
Electronic ISSN: 1573-7225
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-005-0408-1

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