Top

Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research

Published in:

01-09-2015 | Original Paper

Approaches to Mixed Methods Dissemination and Implementation Research: Methods, Strengths, Caveats, and Opportunities

Authors: Carla A. Green, Naihua Duan, Robert D. Gibbons, Kimberly E. Hoagwood, Lawrence A. Palinkas, Jennifer P. Wisdom

Published in: Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research | Issue 5/2015

Abstract

Limited translation of research into practice has prompted study of diffusion and implementation, and development of effective methods of encouraging adoption, dissemination and implementation. Mixed methods techniques offer approaches for assessing and addressing processes affecting implementation of evidence-based interventions. We describe common mixed methods approaches used in dissemination and implementation research, discuss strengths and limitations of mixed methods approaches to data collection, and suggest promising methods not yet widely used in implementation research. We review qualitative, quantitative, and hybrid approaches to mixed methods dissemination and implementation studies, and describe methods for integrating multiple methods to increase depth of understanding while improving reliability and validity of findings.

For analyzing and reporting qualitative and mixed methods data, see Miles and Huberman (1994), Creswell (1998), Creswell and Plano Clark (2007), Denzin and Lincoln (1998, 2005), Bernard (2011), and Bourgeault et al. (2010). For focus group interviews, see Morgan and Krueger (1998). Those interested in grounded theory and constant comparative analyses should refer to: (Charmaz 2001, 2006; Creswell 1998; Glaser and Strauss 1967). See (Hsieh and Shannon 2005; Krippendorff 2004) for detailed explanations of content analysis. For discussions of rigor and threats to validity in qualitative research, including of reliability, validity, and trustworthiness, see (Davies and Dodd 2002; Krefting 1991; Morse et al. 2002; Poland 1995; Whittemore et al. 2001).

Aarons, G. A., Miller, E. A., Green, A. E., Perrott, J. A., & Bradway, R. (2012). Adaptation happens: A qualitative case study of implementation of the incredible years evidence-based parent training programme in a residential substance abuse treatment programme. Journal of Children’s Services, 7(4), 233–245.CrossRef

Aarons, G. A., Wells, R. S., Zagursky, K., Fettes, D. L., & Palinkas, L. A. (2009). Implementing evidence-based practice in community mental health agencies: A multiple stakeholder analysis. American Journal of Public Health, 99(11), 2087–2095. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.161711.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

Adler, P. A., & Adler, P. (1998). Observational techniques. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Collecting and interpreting qualitative materials (pp. 79–109). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.

Angrist, J. D., Imbens, G. W., & Rubin, D. B. (1996). Identification of causal e!ects using instrumental variable. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 91, 444–455.CrossRef

Angrosino, M. V. (2005). Recontextualizing observation: Ethnography, pedagogy, adn the prospects for a progressive political agenda. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (3rd ed., pp. 729–745). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.

Arrington, B., Kimmey, J., Brewster, M., Bentley, J., Kane, M., Van, B. C., et al. (2008). Building a local agenda for dissemination of research into practice. Journal of Public Health Management and Practice, 14(2), 185–192. doi:10.1097/01.PHH.0000311898.03573.28.PubMedCrossRef

Babbie, E. (1990). Survey research methods (2nd ed.). Belmont: Wadsworth.

Beatty, P. C., & Willis, G. B. (2007). Research synthesis: The practice of cognitive interviewing. Public Opinion Quarterly, 71(2), 287–311.CrossRef

Beebe, J. (2001). Rapid assessment process: An introduction. Lanham: AltaMira Press.

Behar, L. B., & Hydaker, W. M. (2009). Defining community readiness for the implementation of a system of care. Administration and Policy In Mental Health, 36(6), 381–392. doi:10.1007/s10488-009-0227-x.PubMedCrossRef

Bernard, H. R. (2002). Research methods in anthropology: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. Walnut Creek: Alta Mira Press.

Bernard, H. R. (2011). Research methods in anthropology: Qualitative and quantitative approaches (5th ed.). Lanham: AltaMira Press.

Berwick, D. M. (2003). Disseminating innovations in health care. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 289(15), 1969–1975. doi:10.1001/jama.289.15.1969.PubMedCrossRef

Blankertz, L. (1998). The value and practicality of deliberate sampling for heterogeneity: A critical multiplist perspective. American Journal of Evaluation, 19(3), 307–324.CrossRef

Bourgeault, I., Dingwall, R., & de Vries, R. (2010). Handbook of qualitative methods in health research. Los Angeles: Sage Publications.

Caronna, C. A. (2010). Why use qualitative methods to study health care organizations? Insights from multi-level case studies. In I. Bourgeault, R. Dingwall, & R. de Vries (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative methods in health research (pp. 71–87). Los Angeles: Sage Publications.CrossRef

Charmaz, K. (2001). Qualitative interviewing and grounded theory analysis. In J. F. Gubrium & S. Hutchinson (Eds.), Handbook of interview research (pp. 675–694). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.CrossRef

Charmaz, K. (2006). Constructing grounded theory. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications Inc.

Chase, S. E. (2005). Narrative inquiry: Multiple lenses, approaches, voices. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (3rd ed., pp. 651–679). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.

Concept Systems. (2014). The concept system software, Global Max^TM: Concept Systems Incorporated. Retrieved 8 April 2014 from: http://www.conceptsystems.com.

Cook, T. D., & Campbell, D. T. (1979). Quasi-experimentation : Design & analysis issues for field settings. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

Corsaro, W. A., & Heise, D. R. (1990). Event structure models from ethnographic data. In C. C. Clogg (Ed.), Sociological methodology: 1990 (pp. 1–57). Cambridge: Basil Blackwell.

Couper, M. P. (2008). Designing effective web surveys. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef

Couper, M. P., Baker, R., Bethlehem, J., Clark, C., Martin, J., Nicholls, W. I., et al. (1998). Computer-assisted survey information collection. New York: John Wiley.

Creswell, J. W. (1998). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five traditions. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.

Creswell, J. W., Klassen, A. C., Plano Clark, V. L., & Smith, K. C. f. t. O. o. B. a. S. S. R. (2011). Best practices for mixed methods research in the health sciences. http://obssr.od.nih.gov/mixed_methods_research. Accessed on 8 Apr 2014.

Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2007). Designing and conducting mixed methods research. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications Inc.

Davies, D., & Dodd, J. (2002). Qualitative research and the question of rigor. Qualitative Health Research, 12(2), 279–289.PubMedCrossRef

de Leeuw, E. D. (2005). To mix or not to mix data collection modes in surveys. Journal of Official Statistics, 2, 233–255.

Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (1998). Collecting and interpreting qualitative materials. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.

Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2005). Handbook of qualitative research (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.

Dicicco-Bloom, B., & Crabtree, B. F. (2006). The qualitative research interview. Medical Education, 40(4), 314–321. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2929.2006.02418.x.PubMedCrossRef

Donner, A. (1998). Some aspects of the design and analysis of cluster randomization trials. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series C (Applied Statistics), 47(1), 95–113.CrossRef

Donner, A., & Klar, N. (1994). Cluster randomization trials in epidemiology: Theory and application. Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference, 42(1), 37–56.CrossRef

Draucker, C. B., Martsolf, D. S., Ross, R., & Rusk, T. B. (2007). Theoretical sampling and category development in grounded theory. Qualitative Health Research, 17(8), 1137–1148.PubMedCrossRef

Finkelstein, M. O., Levin, B., & Robbins, H. (1996a). Clinical and prophylactic trials with assured new treatment for those at greater risk: I. A design proposal. American Journal of Public Health, 86(5), 691–695.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

Finkelstein, M. O., Levin, B., & Robbins, H. (1996b). Clinical and prophylactic trials with assured new treatment for those at greater risk: II. Examples. American Journal of Public Health, 86(5), 696–705.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

Fisher, R. A. (1925). Statistical methods for research workers (14th ed.). Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd.

Ford, E. W., Duncan, W. J., & Ginter, P. M. (2005). Health departments’ implementation of public health’s core functions: An assessment of health impacts. Public Health, 119(1), 11–21. doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2004.03.002.PubMedCrossRef

Fowler, F. J. (2009). Survey research methods (4th ed.)., Applied social research methods series Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.

Fowler, F. J, Jr, Gallagher, P. M., Stringfellow, V. L., Zaslavsky, A. M., Thompson, J. W., & Cleary, P. D. (2002). Using telephone interviews to reduce nonresponse bias to mail surveys of health plan members. Medical Care, 40(3), 190–200.PubMedCrossRef

Frankel, M. R., Shapiro, M. F., Duan, N., Morton, S. C., Berry, S. H., Brown, J. A., et al. (1999). National probability samples in studies of low-prevalence diseases. Part II: Designing and implementing the HIV cost and services utilization study sample. Health Services Research, 34(5 Pt 1), 969–992.PubMedCentralPubMed

Gabbay, J., & le May, A. (2004). Evidence based guidelines or collectively constructed “mindlines?” Ethnographic study of knowledge management in primary care. BMJ, 329(7473), 1013. doi:10.1136/bmj.329.7473.1013.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

Gibbons, R. D., Weiss, D. J., Pilkonis, P. A., Frank, E., Moore, T., Kim, J. B. et al. (2013). The CAT-DI: A computerized adaptive test for depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, in press.

Gilchrist, V. J., & Williams, R. L. (1999). Key informant interviews. In B. F. Crabtree & W. L. Miller (Eds.), Doing qualitative research (Second ed., pp. 71–88). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.

Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Chicago: Aldine Publishing Company.

Griffin, L. J., & Korstad, R. R. (1998). Historical inference and event-structure analysis. International Review of Social History, 43(Supplement S6), 145–165. doi:10.1017/S0020859000115135.CrossRef

Heise, D. R. (1989). Modeling event structures. The Journal of Mathematical Sociology, 14(2-3), 139–169. doi:10.1080/0022250X.1989.9990048.CrossRef

Heise, D. (2012). Ethno. Retrieved from http://www.indiana.edu/~socpsy/ESA/. Accessed on 8 Apr 2014.

Hotopf, M. (2002). The pragmatic randomised controlled trial. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 8(5), 326–333.CrossRef

Hsieh, H. F., & Shannon, S. E. (2005). Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qualitative Health Research, 15(9), 1277–1288. doi:10.1177/1049732305276687.PubMedCrossRef

Imbens, G. W., & Lemieux, T. (2008). Regression discontinuity designs: A guide to practice. Journal of Econometrics, 142(2), 615–635.CrossRef

Jabbar, A. M., & Abelson, J. (2011). Development of a framework for effective community engagement in Ontario. Canada. Health Policy, 101(1), 59–69. doi:10.1016/j.healthpol.2010.08.024.PubMedCrossRef

Kamberelis, G., & Dimitriadis, G. (2005). Focus groups: Strategic Articulations of Pedagogy, Politics, and Inquiry. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), The sage handbook of qualitative research (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications Inc.

Kish, L. (1995). Survey sampling. New York: Wiley Classics Library John Wiley and Sons Inc.

Krefting, L. (1991). Rigor in qualitative research: The assessment of trustworthiness. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 45(3), 214–222.PubMedCrossRef

Krippendorff, K. (2004). Content analysis: An introduction to methodology. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications Inc.

Lee, D. S., & Lemieux, T. (2010). Regression discontinuity designs in economics. Journal of Economic Literature, 48(2), 281–355.

Lensvelt-Mulders, G. J. L. M., Hox, J. J., van der Heijden, P. G. M., & Maas, C. J. M. (2005). Meta-analysis of randomized response research: Thirty-five years of validation. Sociological Methods and Research, 33(3), 319–348.CrossRef

Luce, B. R., Kramer, J. M., Goodman, S. N., Connor, J. T., Tunis, S., Whicher, D., et al. (2009). Rethinking randomized clinical trials for comparative effectiveness research: The need for transformational change. Annals of Internal Medicine, 151(3), 206–209.PubMedCrossRef

Marsden, P. V., & Wright, J. D. (2010). Handbook of survey research (2nd ed.). Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Limited.

Marshall, M. N. (1996). The key informant technique. Family Practice, 13(1), 92–97.PubMedCrossRef

McNall, M., & Foster-Fishman, P. G. (2007). Methods of rapid evaluation, assessment, and appraisal. American Journal of Evaluation, 28(2), 151–168.CrossRef

Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.

Miller, W. L., & Crabtree, B. F. (1999). Depth interviewing. Doing qualitative research (pp. 123–201). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.

Morgan, D. L. (1993). Successful focus groups: Advancing the state of the art. Newbury Park: Sage Publications.

Morgan, D. L., & Krueger, R. A. (1998). The focus group kit. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.

Morse, J. M. (2000). Determining sample size. Qualitative Health Research, 10(1), 3–5.CrossRef

Morse, J. M., Barrett, M., Mayan, M., Olson, K., & Spiers, J. (2002). Verification strategies for establishing reliability and validity in qualitative research. Access on December 30, 2008 from http://www.ualberta.ca/~iiqm/backissues/1_2Final/html/morse.html. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 1(2). Retrieved from http://www.ualberta.ca/~iiqm/backissues/1_2Final/html/morse.html.

Murray, D. M. (1998). Design and analysis of group-randomized trials (29th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Murray, S. A., Tapson, J., Turnbull, L., McCallum, J., & Little, A. (1994). Listening to local voices: Adapting rapid appraisal to assess health and social needs in general practice. BMJ, 308(6930), 698–700.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

Needle, R. H., Trotter, R. T., Singer, M., Bates, C., Page, J. B., Metzger, D., et al. (2003). Rapid assessment of the HIV/AIDS crisis in racial and ethnic minority communities: An approach for timely community interventions. American Journal of Public Health, 93(6), 970–979.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

Oakley, A., Strange, V., Bonell, C., Allen, E., & Stephenson, J. (2006). Process evaluation in randomised controlled trials of complex interventions. BMJ, 332(7538), 413–416. doi:10.1136/bmj.332.7538.413.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

Palinkas, L. A., Aarons, G. A., Horwitz, S., Chamberlain, P., Hurlburt, M., & Landsverk, J. (2011a). Mixed method designs in implementation research. Administration and Policy In Mental Health, 38(1), 44–53. doi:10.1007/s10488-010-0314-z.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

Palinkas, L. A., Aarons, G. A., Horwitz, S., Chamberlain, P., Hurlburt, M., & Landsverk, J. (2011b). Mixed method designs in implementation research. Administration and Policy in Mental Health, 38(1), 44–53.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

Palinkas, L. A., Horwitz, S. M., Chamberlain, P., Hurlburt, M. S., & Landsverk, J. (2011c). Mixed-methods designs in mental health services research: A review. Psychiatric Services, 62(3), 255–263. doi:10.1176/appi.ps.62.3.255.PubMedCrossRef

Palinkas, L. A., Horwitz, S. M., Green, C. A., Wisdom, J. P., Duan, N., & Hoagwood, K. (2013). Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research. Administration and Policy in Mental Health

Pentland, B. T. (1999). Building process theory with narrative: From description to explanation. Academy of Management Review, 24(4), 711-724.

Poland, B. D. (1995). Transcription quality as an aspect of rigor in qualitative research. Qualitative Inquiry, 1(3), 290–310.CrossRef

Proctor, E. K., Landsverk, J., Aarons, G., Chambers, D., Glisson, C., & Mittman, B. (2009). Implementation research in mental health services: An emerging science with conceptual, methodological, and training challenges. Administration and Policy In Mental Health, 36(1), 24–34. doi:10.1007/s10488-008-0197-4.PubMedCrossRef

Ragin, C. C. (1997). Turning the tables: How case-oriented research challenges variable-oriented research. Comparative Social Research, 16, 27–42.

Ragin, C. C. (1999a). The distinctiveness of case-oriented research. Health Services Research, 34(5 Pt 2), 1137–1151.PubMedCentralPubMed

Ragin, C. C. (1999b). Using qualitative comparative analysis to study causal complexity. Health Services Research, 34(5 Pt 2), 1225–1239.PubMedCentralPubMed

Ragin, C. C., Shulman, D., Weinberg, A., & Gran, B. (2003). Complexity, generality, and qualitative comparative analysis. Field Methods, 15, 323–340.CrossRef

Rosenbaum, P. R. (2002). Observational studies (2nd ed.). New York: Springer Science+Business Media.CrossRef

Rosenbaum, P. R., & Rubin, D. B. (1983). The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika, 70(1), 41–55.

Rosenbaum, P. R., & Rubin, D. B. (1984). Reducing bias in observational studies using subclassification on the propensity score. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 79(387), 516–524.CrossRef

Rossi, P. H., Wright, J. D., & Anderson, A. B. (1983). Handbook of survey research: Quantitative studies in social relations (First ed.). Waltham: Academic Press.

Scheuren, F. (2013). Chapter 6, Designing a questionnaire. https://www.whatisasurvey.info/downloads/pamphlet_current.pdf. Retrieved from https://www.whatisasurvey.info/downloads/pamphlet_current.pdf. Accessed 8 Apr 2014.

Schwartz, D., & Lellouch, J. (2009). Explanatory and pragmatic attitudes in therapeutical trials. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 62(5), 499–505. doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.01.012.PubMedCrossRef

Shadish, W. R., Cook, T. D., & Campbell, D. T. (2002). Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for generalized causal inference. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

Shiffman, S., Stone, A. A., & Hufford, M. R. (2008). Ecological momentary assessment. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 4, 1–32.PubMedCrossRef

Shortell, S. M. (1999). The emergence of qualitative methods in health services research. Health Services Research, 34(5 Pt 2), 1083–1090.PubMedCentralPubMed

Stake, R. E. (2005). Qualitative case studies. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 443–466). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.

Stetler, C. B., Legro, M. W., Wallace, C. M., Bowman, C., Guihan, M., Hagedorn, H., et al. (2006). The role of formative evaluation in implementation research and the QUERI experience. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 21(Suppl 2), S1–S8.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

Stevenson, W. B., & Greenberg, D. N. (1998). The formal analysis of narratives of organizational change. Journal of Management, 24(6), 741–762.

Strauss, A. L., & Corbin, J. (1998). Theoretical sampling. Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory (pp. 201–215). Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications Inc.

Thistlethwaite, D., & Campbell, D. (1960). Regression-discontinuity analysis: an alternative to the ex post facto experiment. Journal of Educational Psychology, 51, 309–317.CrossRef

Thorpe, K. E., Zwarenstein, M., Oxman, A. D., Treweek, S., Furberg, C. D., Altman, D. G., et al. (2009). A pragmatic-explanatory continuum indicator summary (PRECIS): A tool to help trial designers. CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal, 180(10), E47–E57.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

Tong, Y., & Kolen, M. J. (2007). Comparisons of methodologies and results in vertical scaling for educational achievement tests. Applied Measurement in Education, 20(2), 227–253. doi:10.1080/08957340701301207.CrossRef

Torrey, W. C., Bond, G. R., McHugo, G. J., & Swain, K. (2012). Evidence-based practice implementation in community mental health settings: The relative importance of key domains of implementation activity. Administration and Policy In Mental Health, 39(5), 353–364. doi:10.1007/s10488-011-0357-9.PubMedCrossRef

Tourangeau, R., & Smith, T. W. (1996). Asking sensitive questions: The impact of data collection mode, question format, and question context. Public Opinion Quarterly, 60(2), 275–304.

Tremblay, M. A. (1957). The key informant technique: A nonethnographic application. American Anthropologist, 59(4), 688–701. doi:10.1525/aa.1957.59.4.02a00100.CrossRef

Trochim, W. M. (1989). Introduction to concept mapping for planning and evaluation. Evaluation and Program Planning, 12, 1–16.CrossRef

Trotter, R. T., Needle, R. H., Goosby, E., Bates, C., & Singer, M. (2001). A methodological model for rapid assessment, response, and evaluation: The RARE program in public health. Field Methods, 13(2), 137–159.CrossRef

Trumpy, A. J. (2008). Subject to negotiation: The mechanisms behind co-optation and corporate reform. Social Problems, 55, 519–536.CrossRef

Tunis, S. R., Stryer, D. B., & Clancy, C. M. (2003). Practical clinical trials: Increasing the value of clinical research for decision making in clinical and health policy. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 290(12), 1624–1632.PubMedCrossRef

Weiss, D. J. (1985). Adaptive testing by computer. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 53(6), 774–789.PubMedCrossRef

Weller, S. C., & Romeny, A. K. (1988). Systematic data collection (12th ed.). Newbury Park: Sage.

West, S. G., Duan, N., Pequegnat, W., Gaist, P., Des Jarlais, D. C., Holtgrave, D., et al. (2008). Alternatives to the randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Public Health, 98(8), 1359–1366.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

Westfall, J. M., Mold, J., & Fagnan, L. (2007). Practice-based research–”Blue Highways” on the NIH roadmap. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 297(4), 403–406. doi:10.1001/jama.297.4.403.PubMedCrossRef

Whittemore, R., Chase, S. K., & Mandle, C. L. (2001). Validity in qualitative research. Qualitative Health Research, 11(4), 522–537.PubMedCrossRef

Yates, F. (1935). Complex experiments, with discussion. Supplement to the Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B 2, 2(2), 181–247.CrossRef

Yin, R. K. (1999). Enhancing the quality of case studies in health services research. Health Services Research, 34(5 Pt 2), 1209–1224.PubMedCentralPubMed

Yin, R. K. (2003a). Applications of case study research (2nd ed.)., Applied social research methods series Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications Inc.

Yin, R. K. (2003b). Case study research: Design and methods (3rd ed.)., Applied social research methods series Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.

Title: Approaches to Mixed Methods Dissemination and Implementation Research: Methods, Strengths, Caveats, and Opportunities
Authors: Carla A. Green
Naihua Duan
Robert D. Gibbons
Kimberly E. Hoagwood
Lawrence A. Palinkas
Jennifer P. Wisdom
Publication date: 01-09-2015
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research / Issue 5/2015
Print ISSN: 0894-587X
Electronic ISSN: 1573-3289
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-014-0552-6

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Approaches to Mixed Methods Dissemination and Implementation Research: Methods, Strengths, Caveats, and Opportunities

Abstract

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 5/2015

Linking the Legislative Process to the Consequences of Realigning California’s Public Mental Health System

Purposeful Sampling for Qualitative Data Collection and Analysis in Mixed Method Implementation Research

Integrating Science and Engineering to Implement Evidence-Based Practices in Health Care Settings

Special Issue Overview: Optimizing Mixed Methods for Implementation Research in Large Systems

Characteristics of People Who Use Telephone Counseling: Findings from Secondary Analysis of a Population-Based Study

Measures for Predictors of Innovation Adoption